ufcekt-20-33d modelling and animation 3d modelling & animation cameras
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UFCEKT-20-33D Modelling and Animation
Agenda
Maya Camera Principles and Photographic Concepts Camera Types Camera Attributes Movement of Cameras Image Planes Clipping Planes
UFCEKT-20-33D Modelling and Animation
Camera Principles
Scene Image
Pinhole Camera
Resulting image is mirrored and inverted
Small aperture results in very long exposures
Light Rays
UFCEKT-20-33D Modelling and Animation
Camera Principles
Scene Image
Pinhole Camera
Increasing the pinhole size provides more light to shorten exposure times but introduces distortion of light rays resulting in poor image qualityLight Rays
UFCEKT-20-33D Modelling and Animation
Cameras Principles
Scene Image
Simple Lens
Simple lens refracts light to reduce distortions
Light Rays
UFCEKT-20-33D Modelling and Animation
Cameras Principles
Scene Image
Compound Lens
Compound lens designed to control variety of lens aberrations which effect both image sharpness and colourLight Rays
UFCEKT-20-33D Modelling and Animation
Physical Lens Features
Base format - The size of the negative / film gate e.g. 35mm - Medium Format - Large Format
Focal Length Aperture Depth of Field Lens aberrations (flare)
UFCEKT-20-33D Modelling and Animation
Angle of View for 35mm
Shorter focal length lenses have angle of view which gives steeper perspective
Longer focal length lenses have narrow angle of view which gives flatter perspective
50mm provides natural perspective for the 35mm format
UFCEKT-20-33D Modelling and Animation
Maya Cameras
Based on 35mm photography Always in focus No given depth of field No aberrations e.g lens flare Need to create above effects when required
UFCEKT-20-33D Modelling and Animation
Maya Types
Camera - standalone camera Camera and Aim - camera with aim to direct at point of interest Camera Aim and Up - additional control to orientate camera around lens axis
UFCEKT-20-33D Modelling and Animation
Camera Types Representation in the Maya Environment
Camera and Aim
Camera, Aim and UpCamera
UFCEKT-20-33D Modelling and Animation
Camera Movement
‘Subject’ is the point of interest for the selected camera Zoom - change the magnification of the subject by altering the focal
length of the lens Dolly - change the camera’s perpendicular position relative to the
subject Pan - follow the subject as it moves across the cameras field of view Track follow the subject from the side usually maintaining a speed
equal to the subject’s speed Follow follow the subject through the scene from behind
A typical scenario would apply variations and combinations of the above
UFCEKT-20-33D Modelling and Animation
Using a ‘dummy object’ on a path to control a camera
dummy object
Dummy object follows path - camera child of dummy object and follows path - more subtle control of camera movement - less rigid connection
UFCEKT-20-33D Modelling and Animation
The Hypergraph Window - a schematic representation of all objects in the scene
UFCEKT-20-33D Modelling and Animation
Image Planes
Cameras can have an image plane placed as a backdrop to provide a background to the camera's field of view or as an aid to modelling geometry against an orthographic image.
UFCEKT-20-33D Modelling and Animation
Clipping Planes
Cameras have adjustable far and near clipping planes Any object beyond the far clipping pane is not visible Any object in front of the near clipping plane is not visible Clipping planes are often referred to as ‘yon’ and ‘hither’ where yon is far and hither is near
UFCEKT-20-33D Modelling and Animation
Maya Cameras
Based on 35mm photography Lenses for wide angle , normal, telephoto
Use terminology from the movie industry Zoom (change focal length of lens) Dolly - (move toward or away from subject Track - (side follow subject)
No aberrations e.g lens flare Always in focus Animation as individual object and via path-based animation Use a dummy object as an intermediate connection between camera and path - improves animation of camera