uc irvine energy efficiency energy storage energy optimization

Matt Gudorf CEM, LEED AP Assistant Director Energy, Engineering, and Inspection

UC Irvine • Energy Efficiency • Energy Storage • Energy Optimization

Quick Facts

• Established in 1965 • Comprehensive Research

University • 13 Lab buildings past two

decades • 8-24MW Load

• 1,526 Acres • 10M+ Square feet • 7.5M Sqft District Utilities • 24,489 Undergraduates • 6,268 Postgraduates • $20,754,196 Utility Budget

PROCUREMENT ELECTRICITY

• Distribution Service by SCE

• TOU-8-S

• Departing Load

• Direct Access Cost Responsibility Surcharge

• Generation

• Purchased through an energy service provider (ESP)

• Day ahead market

• Distributed Generation

• Power Purchase Agreements

• 20 and 25 year contracts

• Predetermined rates and escalation

NATURAL GAS

• Commodity

• DGS contract with BP

• Buy futures up to 75%

• NYMEX Henry Hub

• CA Citygate price

• Delivery

• SoCal Gas

• CA border to UCI

Key: Flexibility with managed risk

4

UCI Substation 66kV/12kV

Edison MacArthur Substation

66kV

Campus Utilities



66kV

Central Plant: 8 chillers

Gas turbine: 13.5 MW Steam turbine: 5.6 MW

Campus Utilities

SOLAR TITAN 130 COMBUSTION TURBINE 13.5 MW AT 12,000 VOLTS

SOLAR TURBINE ASSEMBLY BEFORE BEING PLACED INTO ENCLOSURE



66kV


Gas turbine: 13.5 MW Steam turbine: 5.6 MW Solar Rooftop PV

3.575 MW

TES

Campus Utilities

Social Science Parking Structure

Social Science Parking Structure 935kW Equivalent Generation in a year - 140 US Homes

Student Center Parking Structure

Student Center Parking Structure 725kW Equivalent Generation in a year - 110 US homes

Mesa Parking Structure

Mesa Parking Structure 909kW Equivalent Generation in a year - 136 US homes



66kV



3.575 MW

TES

CPV 113kW

Campus Utilities

UC IRVINE’S 12KV DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 10 - Distribution circuits 136 - 12kV transformers 77 - SF6 Switches



66kV

Central Plant: 8 chillers, 4 Boilers


3.575 MW

CPV 113kW

Campus Utilities


Serve 82 Buildings TES

Thermal Storage 4,500,000 Gal

60,000 Ton-Hour

Campus Utilities

BOILER DATA

• Boiler #1& #2 – Babcox & Wilcox 250PSI • 29,000lbs/hr, 1964

• Oil & Gas Burner

• Boiler #3 - Nebraska 300PSI • 30,000lbs/hr, 1970

• Boiler #4 - Trane Murray 300PSI • 30,000lbs/hr, 1978

Manufacture Rating in Tons Refrigerant Year Installed

Chiller #1 Trane 1000 R-123 1992



Chiller #4 York 2000 R-134a 2002





Chiller Plant Details

16,000 Tons of nominal chiller capacity

Chilled Water System

• AHU coils designed for 39°F supply

• System ΔT of 20-23°F

• PIC-V or Flow Limiters at each AHU

• Average load 3,100 tons

• Peak load 13,000 tons

• 74,400 Ton-Hours per day

• Flow Capacity @ 30” header is 35,600 gpm

• Secondary pump capacity 25,200 gpm @ 100 feet of head

• TES pump capacity is 22,700 gpm @ 90 feet of head

• Delivered 0.7kW per ton

Chilled Water Load Side Optimization

1997-2016 the campus changed out AHU coils to provide a ΔT minimum of 20°F.

The system makes use of Pressure independent control valves and flow limiters to minimize use and maximize energy efficiency

Monitoring the hydronic system at the building level

Tank holds 4.5 million gallons of chilled water

Tank is 107’ tall by 88’ in diameter

When chilled to 39°F, rated storage is 186,400 kWh

0-8MW of load can be shifted

Originally built to shift load to off-peak rates

Thermal Energy Storage

45%

UC Irvine Drastically Reduces Load

Operating Limitations 1 The interconnection agreement is for inadvertent export of power only.

2 Curtailment of the CTG is limited to 7.5MW due to emissions

3 Solar power production cannot be curtailed (PPA)

4 Efficiency of the CTG drops as output is reduced

5 Import electricity cost more than self generation

Load Generation Import

Electricity

So how is the near perfect management as shown on the right achieved? UC Irvine uses TES as an electrical battery to flatten and shape load to match generation!

909 kW Solar Rooftop PV

(Mesa Parking)

725 kW Solar Rooftop PV (SC Parking)

935 kW Solar Rooftop PV (SS Parking)

Central Plant NGCC

13.5 [MW]

GT

4.5 [MW]

ST

Ten 12 [KV]

circuits

3,575 [KWpeak]

PV

Load PV

UCI Campus

66 [KV] circuit

SCE

7 Electric Chillers

GT = Gas Turbine ST = Steam Turbine

NGCC = Natural Gas Combined Cycle SCE = Southern California Edison

Balancing Load and Generation

TES

Storage

MONITORING THE MICROGRID

Generation

• Import

• Combustion Turbine

• Steam Turbine

• Solar PV

Load

• Plant

• Building

• Sub Building

• Circuit

Building Management

• HVAC

• Lighting

Storage

• Tank Charge

Over 100,000 data points Trend, Analyze, Optimize

24 Hours

0-1

8 M

W

Solar PV

Morning Building Load

PV drops off, peak cooling demand Ideally, utilize the chillers and TES to flatten the load shape

Flattest possible load shape Matched to Generation

24 Hours

0-1

8 M

W

Utilize Solar

Maximize Base Loaded CTG

Import as little as possible

Actual Load and Generation Graph From UCI Campus

$-

$0.20

$0.40

$0.60

$0.80

$1.00

$1.20

$1.40

$1.60

$1.80

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Energy Cost Per Square foot

Financial Savings

Optimization of load and generation results in financial savings • Minimal import of expensive electricity • Solar offsetting peak demand

Next steps Implement a ½ MW, 2 MWh battery (In construction) Deploy full SCADA system from SEL across campus grid (In construction Engineer, implement, and test islanding of the campus Additional optimization of the balance between, load and generation

uc irvine energy efficiency energy storage energy optimization

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