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CELLULAR RESPIRATION STAGE 3: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

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Page 1: U2L3 - Electron Transport Chain copy · Electron Transport Chain. When electrons are accepted by O2, H+ ions are also picked up, resulting in formation of H2O ½O2 + 2H+ H2O high

CELLULAR RESPIRATIONSTAGE 3: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

Page 2: U2L3 - Electron Transport Chain copy · Electron Transport Chain. When electrons are accepted by O2, H+ ions are also picked up, resulting in formation of H2O ½O2 + 2H+ H2O high

Electron Transport Chain

matrix

intermembranespace

cristae

outer membrane

Mitochondrion (cross-section)

matrix

intermembranespace

Electron transport chain occurs on inner membrane (cristae)Involves a series of membrane proteins (cytochromes)

cytochromes

Page 3: U2L3 - Electron Transport Chain copy · Electron Transport Chain. When electrons are accepted by O2, H+ ions are also picked up, resulting in formation of H2O ½O2 + 2H+ H2O high

NADH and FADH2 (produced during CAC) give up H+ ions and electrons to cytochromes

H+ ions accumulate in intermembrane spaceElectrons are transported through chain of cytochromes

Electron Transport Chain

matrix

intermembranespace

Page 4: U2L3 - Electron Transport Chain copy · Electron Transport Chain. When electrons are accepted by O2, H+ ions are also picked up, resulting in formation of H2O ½O2 + 2H+ H2O high

Gradients drive H+ ions through protein channel, providing energy to synthesize ATP

High concentration of H+ ions in intermembrane space creates concentration gradient and electrostatic gradient

matrix

intermembranespace

high [H+]

low [H+]

Electron Transport Chain

Page 5: U2L3 - Electron Transport Chain copy · Electron Transport Chain. When electrons are accepted by O2, H+ ions are also picked up, resulting in formation of H2O ½O2 + 2H+ H2O high

As electrons released by NADH and FADH2 move through ETC, each cytochrome is alternately reduced and then oxidized, until electrons combine with final electron acceptor, oxygen

high [H+]

low [H+]

intermembranespace

matrix

Electron Transport Chain

Page 6: U2L3 - Electron Transport Chain copy · Electron Transport Chain. When electrons are accepted by O2, H+ ions are also picked up, resulting in formation of H2O ½O2 + 2H+ H2O high

When electrons are accepted by O2, H+ ions are also picked up, resulting in formation of H2O

½O2 2H+ H2O+

high [H+]

low [H+]

intermembranespace

matrix

Electron Transport Chain

Page 7: U2L3 - Electron Transport Chain copy · Electron Transport Chain. When electrons are accepted by O2, H+ ions are also picked up, resulting in formation of H2O ½O2 + 2H+ H2O high

Aerobicglucose

Glycolysis

2 pyruvate

2 ATP2 NADH

PyruvateOxidation

2 acetyl CoA

Kreb’s Cycle

2 NADH2 CO2

6 NADH2 FADH2

2 ATP4 CO2

E.T.C.

6 ATPx3

x3

x2

6 ATP

18 ATP4 ATP

2 ATP

2 ATP38 ATP

6 Cx3

Page 8: U2L3 - Electron Transport Chain copy · Electron Transport Chain. When electrons are accepted by O2, H+ ions are also picked up, resulting in formation of H2O ½O2 + 2H+ H2O high

Lactic acid is toxic biproduct

2 ATP

In animals, this occurs through lactic acid fermentationFor glycolysis to continue, NAD+ must be replenished

glucose

Anaerobic

Glycolysis

2 pyruvate

2 NADH

2 lactic acid

2 NAD+

Lactic AcidFermentation

Total production of 2 ATP per glucose molecule

Page 9: U2L3 - Electron Transport Chain copy · Electron Transport Chain. When electrons are accepted by O2, H+ ions are also picked up, resulting in formation of H2O ½O2 + 2H+ H2O high

2 ATP

In bacteria and yeast, this occurs through alcohol fermentation

glucose

Anaerobic

Glycolysis

2 pyruvate

2 NADH

2 ethanol

2 CO2

AlcoholFermentation

Total production of 2 ATP per glucose molecule

2 acetaldehyde

2 NAD+

For glycolysis to continue, NAD+ must be replenished


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