UNIT 3: ANIMAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

3.1 ORGAN SYSTEMS The human body is structured into systems.

What systems can you think of?

Circulatory / Cardiovascular

Digestive

Respiratory

3.1 ORGAN SYSTEMS

Systems made up of cells similar in shape and function that work together are called?

Tissues

Organs

Organ systems

Organs with related functions (physiology) or structures(anatomy) working together are called?

When different type of tissues form and work together, they are called?

MONITORING ORGANS

X-ray photograph – pass through soft tissue to see bone.

Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan – information about soft tissue as well as bone. Distinguish between gases, liquids and solid tissues.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tx-0emi4m8s 3 min video

MONITORING ORGANS CON’T

Nuclear imaging – provide info about function of organs. Use radionuclides (unusable atoms that emit rays of energy). Can show damaged areas.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) – does not use any external radiation (safer). Provides info on structure and function using spinning motion of atoms motions of the atomic nuclei.

You tube MRI Machine – 2 min video

3.2 Endoscopic Surgury

Read Together pg 167

3.3 CONTROL AND COORDINATION: THE CENTRAL NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS

HOMEOSTASIS

Homios : sameStasis: standing stillHomeostasis: The maintance of a healthy

balance of all chemical reactions in an organism.

What 2 organ systems are primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis? Nervous system and Endocrine system

How do our bodies create homeostasis?

Respond to change in numerous ways…

Nervous System- the control system that enables animals to detect a stimulus and coordinate a response.

Endocrine System – system that regulates internal environmental conditions by secreting hormones into the bloodstream.

What 2 organ systems are primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis?

ENVIRONMENT

Internal environment: everything inside an organisms body

External environment: everything outside an organisms body

NORMAL RANGES pH- 7.35- 7.45 Heart Rate (HR) - 72 beats per minute or (50 – 100) Breathing Rate – 16 – 20 breaths per min Body temperature – 36.2 – 37.5 degrees Celsius

Body is exposed to cold – below 36.2- Shiver - decrease blood flow to extremities- increase HR

Body temperature above 37.2- increase blood flow- relax muscles- increase perspiration

CHECK YOUR HR AND BR

Take HR for 15 sec – multiply by 4 Average – 13 - 22

Take BR for 30 sec – multiply by 2 Average 8 - 10

Temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius 93.2 - 34 95 - 35 96.8 - 36 98.6 - 37 100.4 - 38 102.2 - 39

HOMEOSTASIS

EXERCISE, MEALS AND SLEEP: EFFECTS ON THE BODY

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Endocrine System: Organ system that regulates internal environmental conditions by secreting hormones into the bloodstream.

Special chemicals called hormones play a major role in homeostasis:

Regulate and coordinate functions of organ systems

Hormone: a compound released by one type of cell that has an effect on other cells of the body

Glands: an organ that secretes hormones

HORMONES SECRETED IN THE BLOODSTREAM REACH ALL CELLS THEY ONLY AFFECT TARGET CELLS

BASIC STRUCTURE OF A NEURON