a nimal improvement in the tropics written by wuttigrai boonkum
TRANSCRIPT
Animal improvement in the tropics
Written by
Wuttigrai Boonkum
The Arctic
The Tropics
HOT, HOTTER Temperatures have risen more in the Arctic than in the tropics.
Studies trend about climate change
Nowadays, biologists worry primarily about global warming’s effects on life in the Arctic
“It’s taken a while for people to start applying the thinking of climate change to the tropics” says tropical ecologist Catherine Cardelús.
Hot temperature affecting creatures in the tropics
1961 -------------------> 2010 Year
1.5OC
0.5OC
Arctic temperature increases could double those in the tropics
metabolic changes in each region’s ectotherms would still be about equivalent.
“You can’t assume that the temperature patterns tell you what the effects on biology will be”
441200
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502000518000
400000
420000
440000
460000
480000
500000
520000
540000
2546 2547 2548 2549 2550
Year (B.E.)
cow
(hea
d)
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
cons
ume qu
antity (k
g) / m
ilk pro
ducti
on
(kg)
Statistical for cow, milk and consume quantityStatistical for cow, milk and consume quantity
Cow (head)Consume quantity (kg)Milk production (kg)
Source: สำ��นั�กง�นัเศรษฐก จก�รเกษตร (2550)
Figure 1 Number of dairy cattle, milk production and consume quantity in Thailand
Heat stressHeat stress
Why is heat stress important ?January 2003, NASA
July 2003, NASA
Red color is high heat areaYellow color is moderate heat area
Heat stress on physiology
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University
Heat stress
panting
sweating
respiration
feed intake
rumination
water intake
Why is heat stress important ?
well-beingwell-being
low fertilitylow fertility
diedie
low feed intakelow feed intake
low milk yieldlow milk yield
Economic losses
Economic impacts of heat wave on dairy industry about $1 Billion 2003 economic loss $897 to $1500 million in US
2006 California heat wave kills 16,500 dairy cows statewide>2,000 cattle died in Nebraska during June 2009
2002 to 2007, Summer was the seasons with the highest of dairy deaths (15,773) in Italy
How heat stress occur ?
Cold stress
Heat stress
Thermoneutralzone
Heat
pro
du
cti
on
Heat
pro
du
cti
on
Ambient temperatureAmbient temperature
4-24 oC
Lower critical temp. Upper critical temp.
humidity
Heat stress in the world
ในัต��งประเทศ heatv stress สำ��คั�ญแคั�ไหนับอกว่��ท��ไมประเทศไทยถึ!งสำนัใจอ ทธิ พลของ heat stressร&ปโลก ม(แผนัท(*ประเทศไทย ได้,ร�บอ ทธิ พลจ�กลมมรสำ-ม
THI > 72 for production and around 68 for reproduction are considered to indicate heat
stress in dairy cattle
THI > 72 for production and around 68 for reproduction are considered to indicate heat
stress in dairy cattle
Heat stress in Thailand
How to reduce the effects of heat stress ?
adjustment of housing and facilities
adjustment of housing and facilities
Feed and Feeding management
Feed and Feeding management
Crossbreeding systemCrossbreeding system
x
B.indicus B.taurus
Production traits
How to reduce the effects of heat stress ?
avoiding breeding during hot conditions
avoiding breeding during hot conditions estrus synchronizationestrus synchronization
timed artificial insemination
timed artificial insemination
Fertility traits
Alternative method
Housing and Shadingmanagement
Housing and Shadingmanagement
Feed and Feeding management
Feed and Feeding management
Crossbreeding systemCrossbreeding system
x
B.indicus B.taurus
Temporary/non sustainable
Production traits
avoiding breeding during hot seasonavoiding breeding during hot season estrus synchronizationestrus synchronization
timed artificial insemination
timed artificial insemination
Fertility traits
Temporary/non sustainable
Genetic selectionGenetic
selection
What traits are interest to study?
• Using regular monthly milk records• THI information at the collecting date
Ravagnolo and Misztal, (2000)
• Using days open records
Genetic selectionGenetic
selection
How heat stress affect on genetic ?
How heat stress affect on genetic ?
National genetic evaluation under hot-humid climates of Thailand
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University
Heat stress
Rectal temperature || milk temp. || physiological responses
Milk productionTemperature – humidity index; THI
ปั�จจ�ยที่��สั�มพั�นธ์�ต่�อการเก�ดความเคร�ยดเน��องจากร�อนในโคนม
• Length of exposure to heat stress• Level of production• Stage of lactation• Cooling management• Feed consumption• Feed offered• Breed• cattle species• Size of the animal
National genetic evaluation under hot-humid climates of Thailand
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University
Expected benefits :
Improve genetic
performance for heat
tolerance
Increase milk production
level
National genetic evaluation under hot-humid climates of Thailand
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University
Implications :
Est
imate
d b
reed
ing
valu
e;
EB
V
THI
Threshold pointBest genetic
performance for milk production
under heat stress conditions
Ent1 Ent2
Gen
etic
effec
t Animal 1
Animal 2
Ent1 Ent2
Gen
etic
effec
tAnimal 1
Animal 2
No G x E interaction
Reranking G x E interaction
Ent1 Ent2
Gen
etic
effec
t
Animal 1
Animal 2
Scaling G x E interaction
