HANOI ARCHITECTURAL UNIVERSITY2014

TYPES OF URBAN DESIGN

PRESENTATED BY NGUYEN DANG PHUONG LINH

INTRODUCTION

The main analyses focused on Chandigarh, the dream city of India's first Prime Minister, Sh. Jawahar Lal Nehru, was planned by the famous French architect Le Corbusier. Picturesquely located at the foothills of Shivaliks, it is known as one of the best experiments in urban planning and modern architecture in the twentieth century in India.

CONTENT

A- MAIN POINT

1- Overall urban design

2- All- of- a- piece urban design

3- Urban infrastructure design

4- Urban guidelines designthefunambulist.net/2014/01/12/proletarian-fortresses-the-

corbusean-grids-anomaly-burail-in-chandigarh/

1- OVERALL URBAN DESIGN

Le Corbusier´s master plan kept some key aspects proposed by Mayer andNovicki, especially spatial relationships between key elements (government, citycentre, university and industries) and the superblock principle. But the shape ofthe city plan was modified from one with a curving road network to rectangularshape with a grid iron pattern for the fast traffic roads. It is an idea of the“Spanish Square” as used in Barcelona.

http://www.nclurbandesign.org/architecture/chandigarh-le-corbusiers-master-piece/

Image by Gerald Steyn

Each residential sector was envisaged as a relatively self-contained urban village, consisting of four neighbourhood-sized quarters (24 ha) each bordering on a green strip with pedestrian paths running north-south, and a market street east-west. He allocated nearly 30 per cent of the city to parks and recreational areas. The city plan was conceived as post war ‘Garden City’ wherein vertical and high rise buildings were ruled out, keeping in view the socio economic-conditions and living habits of the people.

The city was designed as a grid system, with government buildings at one end, symbolizing the head of the organism. City blocks are arranged in sectors and assigned numbers. In the core of this residential area, is the commercial center, the heart of the city.

http://benjaminredmond.co.uk/2011/07/order-chaos-and-dreams/

http://chandigarh.gov.in/Interactive City Map

2- ALL- OF- A- PIECE URBAN DESIGN

To many observers, organizing urban design projects to be carried out building- by- building, and landscape- by-landscape by a number of developers according to an overall conceptual design is the core of urban design work. Many architects see all- of- a- piece urban design as inferior to total urban design because it Is less a work of individual art. They believe projects would be better if dream of and designed by one hand as in Le Corbusier’s design for the capital complex in Chandigarh or Oscar Niemeyer’s work in Basilica. Others, however, believe that it is only through all- of- a-piece urban design that both a unity and variety can be captured in large project design today.

Urban Design- By Jon Lang

The central plaza in Sector-17 was designated by Le Corbusier as “ Pedestrians Paradise”. No vehicular traffic will be permitted in the plaza.

The Leisure Valley, the Rajindra Park and other parks shall be developed as parks only and no building other than already planned shall be permitted.

The absence of cars and the availability of wide pavements is anamazing sensation for the pedestrian used to dodging acombination of potholes and honking vehicles.

http://benbansal.me/

http://www.nclurbandesign.org/architecture/chandigarh-le-corbusiers-master-piece/

Buildings in Chandigarh

‘Taureau’. (Bull). Cover of the Assembly Building in Chandigarh (India) Plan of parliament building

The “Monument of the Open Hand,” Chandigarh. (About 1951-'52)

3- URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN

The lake is a gift of the creators of Chandigarh tothe citizens to be at one with nature, away fromthe hubbub of city life. There shall be nocommercial exploitation of the lake and itsenvironment and its tranquility shall beguaranteed by banning noises.

The nature of the infrastructure is what visually distinguishes one city from another as much as the nature of its architecture. There arevarious ways of considering the infrastructure of city but the most inclusive manner covers everything that is part of the public domainwhether privately or publicly owned. In this view the streets and another transport facilities, the schools and public institutions, such aslibraries and museums, can all be part of the infrastructure of cities.

Urban Design. By Jon Lang

http://chandigarh.gov.in/

Proposal for a coherent system of bicycle and pedestrianpathways by Henrik Valeur and Chandigarh College ofArchitecture for the 2030 Master Plan of Chandigarh.“The intention was to create a human friendly environment.” MN Sharma, member of Le Corbusier's original design team andthe first Indian Chief Architect of Chandigarh

http://www.henrikvaleur.dk/hv/projects.php

Divided the city into different sectors. Each sector having the residential and commercial zones. Planning was done in such a way that a tourist can also find his own way. Maps displayed along the walkways and footpaths.

Roads in Chandigarh city

Roads- Designed and oriented in such a way that most of the time during the day, they are under shadow.- Huge parking areas for the commercial zones.- Parking lanes – broad as main roads.- Pedestrian walkways segregated from the main road with the help of wide lawn strip.- Huge gardens along the main roads.

http://chandigarh.gov.in/

CORBUSIER’S CONCEPTUAL SKETCH SHOWING THE V-ROAD SYSTEM

•V-1 Fast roads connecting Chandigarh to other towns.•V-2 Arterial roads.•V-3 Fast vehicular sector dividing roads.•V-4 Meandering shopping streets.•V-5 Sector circulation roads.•V-6 Access roads to houses.•V-7 Foot paths and cycle tracks.

Source: Documenting Chandigarh

4- URBAN GUIDELINES DESIGN

THE GROWTH OF CHANDIGARH 1966-96, STARTINGWITH SECTORS 1 & 2 IN PHASE 1, & CURRENTLYCONSISTING OF 86 SECTORS

Source: Documenting Chandigarh

ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOCIAL GROUPS INCHANDIGARH IN 1998.

Source: Documenting Chandigarh

LE CORBUSIER’S UNSHAKEABLE BELIEFIN THE ANTHROPOMETRICPROPORTIONAL CONNECTIONS &LINKS CREATED BY GOLDEN SECTION

An example of Human Scale design in the city.

The city of Chandigarh is planned to human scale. It puts in touch with the infinite cosmos and nature. It provides us with places and buildings for all human activities in which the citizens can live a full and harmonious life. Here the radiance of nature and heart are within our reach.

http://chandigarh.gov.in/

Source: Documenting Chandigarh