Types of peripheral neuropathy

Sensory

Motor

Autonomic

Combined

i.e. diabetic neuropathy

i.e. Guillain-Barré

i.e. Dysautonomia, diabetic autonomic neuropathy

Most peripheral neuropathies

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Acute peripheral neuropathy, mostly motor

Preceded by a viral infection

Etiology is suspected to be autoimmune

Severe cases may produce respiratory failure, even death

Most cases completely resolve spontaneously in 6-12 months

Classification of traumatic brain injury

Mild

Moderate

Severe

Unconsciousness Amnesia

<1 hour <1 day

1-24 hours 1-7 days

>24 hours >7 days

Abnormalitiesin brain images

Absent

Present

Present

Levels of affectation in spinal cord injuries

Above C4: Requires ventilator

C4-T1: Different degrees of command of arms/hands

T2-T12: Paraplegia

L1-S5: Some sensory/motor loss in legs/hips

Brown-Séquard syndrome

Same side of lesion:

- Motor loss- Numbness to touch and vibration

Opposite side of lesion:

- Loss of pain- Loss of temperature sensation

Autonomic dysreflexia

Arterial blood supply of the brain

Ischemic stroke Vs Hemorragic strokeAtherosclerosis in arteries that feed the

cerebral circulation

In situ formation of a blood clot on Top of the atherosclerotic plaque

Cerebral artery

Direct obstruction

Carotid artery

Embolizationto the brain

Lack of oxygen in an area of the brainNeuronal death

Neurological deficit

Rupture of a blood vessel within the CNS:

Aneurism in a cerebral artery

Arterial-venous malformation

Bleeding from the meninges

Sub-arachnoideal hemorrage

Epidural hematoma

Subdural hematoma/Intraparenchymal hemorrageInflammatory reaction to the presence of blood

Mechanical pressure from blood in closed space

Etiology of ischemic stroke

The autonomic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system