usermanual

version3.2

©2013

CR8SoftwareSolutions

cr8software.net

2.

Contents

Introduction 3

Support

Navigation 4

GettingStarted 5

Creatinganewfont

Commonissues

Definitions

ViewModes 8

TrueTypepointsview

Nodesview

TheToolbox 9

Select

Pen

Nodesandpoints

Ruler

TheMappingWindow 12

Mappingwindowmodes

Mappingglyphs

Mappingmenu

Resizing

FontParameters 14

Names

Fontmetrics

Fontdescription

CompositeGlyphs 16

Copyandpastefunctions

Hinting 17

Gasp(grayscale)hinting

AppendixI. 18

FontOptions

AppendixII. 19

FontBasics

AppendixIII. 21

PostScript,TrueTypeandOpenType

AppendixIV. 23

KeyboardShortcuts

Copyright 24

3.

Introduction

TheartofTypefacedesignhasbeenaroundforcenturies,andmanyofthefontsinusetoday

werefirstdesignedhundredsofyearsago(Garamondtypeface,forexamplewascreatedinthe

1500’sbyagentlemanbythenameofClaudeGaramond).Backthenfontswerecutintosteel-

todayyouhavetheconvenienceandeaseofmoderncomputersoftware.

Typelight3.2isabasic,freewarefonteditor,thathasbeendesignedtomakeiteasyfora

beginnertogetstartedintheprocessofmakingandeditingfonts.

Type3.2fullversionincludesafullrangeofdrawingtools,integratesanautotracingfeature,

vectorimageimport,andadvancedoptions:kerning,automatedactionscripts,hintingand

OpenTypefeatures.Downloadthetrailversionhere:http://cr8software.net/type.html.

ThismanualisintendedtobeaninstructionmanualforTypelight3.2ratherthanatutorialor

introductiontofontdesign.Ifyouarenewtomakingfontsthenitisrecommendedthatyou

readAppendixII&IIIofthismanualfirst,andalsocheckoutthelinksbelow.

Formoreinformation:

Visithttp://cr8software.net/truetype.html fortutorials,articlesandlinksaboutmakingfonts

(generalaswellasspecialisedType3.2articles).

Thereisapublicdiscussionforumhere:http://cr8.proboards.com whereyoucanpostquestions

orsuggestions,orjusttoseeifsomeonehasalreadyaskedyourquestion.

Forfreesupportpostyourprivatequeryhere:http://cr8software.net/support.html orsendan

emailto:support@cr8software.net.

4.

Navigation

Navigatearoundtheeditwindow(maindisplayarea),byusing

thescrollbarsorbyrightclickingonaclearareatograband

dragthewindow.

Zoominandout,usingthemagnifyandreducebuttons,

the+keyand-key,orthemousescrollwheel.

Themagenta(p1)andgreen(p2)verticallinesmarkthewidthoftheglyph(seeAppendixII).

Movethesebydraggingatthetopofeachline,orselectglyphmetricsfromtheglyphmenu.

Thedashedhorizontallinesare:ascent,descent,caps-heightandx-height.Anythingthatisnot

betweentheascentanddescentlinewillbe‘clipped’.Thevaluesoftheseparameterscanbeset

usingmetricsfromthefontmenu(WinAscent,WinDescent,Capsheightandx-height).Donot

confuseascentanddescentwithtypographicascenderanddescendermentionedinAppendixII).

Toolbox

Status Glyph number Progress Current tool Mapping window

Glyph previewpanel

5.

GettingStarted

CreatingaNewFont

Selectnewfromthefilemenu.Youwillbe

promptedforthenamesofyournewfont.

Allfieldsarerequired.Theseare:

Familyname: Arialforexample

Subfamily: Regular,Bold,Italicetc.

Fullname: Familyname+Subfamily

(egArialBold).ForaRegular

font,justputtheFamily

name(Arial)

Copyright: Yourcopyrightdetails.

Thefirstfourglyphswillbeautomaticallycreatedandmapped(seeAppendixIIformoredetails).

Thefirstglyphalwaysrepresentstheundefinedcharacter–normallyanemptybox-likesymbol.

Youcaneditthesymbol,butyoucannotmapthisglyphtoanything(mappingtotheundefined

characterisequivalenttounmapping).

Thenexttwoglyphsaremappedtocertaincontrolcharacters,andthelastismappedtothe

spacecharacter.Thisglyphmustbeleftblank,butyoucanchangeitswidthtomatchthespacing

ofyourfont.

Pressthenewglyphbuttontostartcreatinganewfont.

or

Doubleclickononeofthecharactersinthemappingwindowandsayyestotheprompt–anew

glyphmappedtothatcharacterwillbecreated.

Youmaynowproceedtocreateglyphsusingtherangeoftoolsavailableinthetoolbox.

6.

GettingStarted(continued)

CommonIssues

Thefollowingarealistoftipstohelpyouavoidsomecommonissuesthatcanoccurwhen

creatingoreditingfonts.

• DonotopenfontfilesforeditingfromtheWindowsfontfolder.Copythemtoanotherfolder

beforeopeningthem.

• Don’tsavefontfilesdirectlyintotheWindowsfontsfolder(theywillnotbeinstalledcorrectly).

• Thecorrectwaytoinstallfontsistodragthefontfile(saveitsomewhereelsefirst)intothe

Windowsfontfolder.

• Ifyouareeditinganinstalledfont,thenyouwillneedtouninstalltheoriginalorgivethenew

fontadifferentfontfamilynamebeforeyoucaninstallthenewfont.

• Makefrequentbackups(alwaysgoodpractice)ofyourfontfiles,preferablyas.gfsfiles,during

thefontdevelopmentprocess.

• Whenafontdoesnotworkasexpected,itisoftenanaming(conflictingfontnames)or

encoding(makesurecodepageLatin1252isactive)issue.

• Youshouldonlyhaveuptofourdifferentfontsthathavethesamefontfamilyname–regular,

bold,italicandbolditalic.

• Ifyouchangethenameofafont,makesurethatyouchangetheadvancednamesalso.Some

programswilluseadvancednames(eguniquefontname)todistinguishfonts,sotheyneedto

beunique.

• Ifyouchangethenameofafont,makesurethatyouchangethenamesforMacintosh

(Roman)(otherwisethefontmaynotworkifinstalledonanAppleMac)andforotheractive

languages.

• Avoidcreatingglyphswithoverlappingcontours.Theglyphwilldisplaycorrectlyona

TrueType(.ttf)font(butisnotrecommended)butwillhaveawhitespaceintheoverlapping

regiononaPostScript(.otf)font.

• Whencreatingglyphswhereonecontourisenclosedbyanother(eg.theinnerandouter

contoursofan’o’),theinnercontourmustbeintheoppositedirection(clockwiseor

anticlockwise)totheoutercontour(seeappendixII).

7.

GettingStarted(continued)

Definitions

Glyph–Glyphsaretheshapesandsymbolsthatyoudesign.Theynormallyrepresentcharacters

orcomponentsofcharacters.AfontcontainsalistofglyphsindexedbyaglyphID.Theycan

beinanarbitraryorder,butcreatingthemincharactersetorderisnormalpractice,andhas

someadvantages.

Character–Charactersarethebasicsymbolsthatareusedtorepresentalanguage.Theletter

AisacharacterintheLatinAlphabetforexample.

Mapping–Mappingistheprocessofconnectingglyphstocharacters.GlyphID#36maybe

assignedtorepresenttheletterAcharacterinacertainfontforexample.Asingleglyphcanbe

mappedtomorethanonecharacter,and(usingOpenTypefeatures)severalglyphscanalsobe

usedtorepresentthesamecharacter.

Unicodecharacters–Unicodeisaninternationalcharacterencodingsystemthatassignsa

codetoeverycharacterformostoftheworldslanguagesystems.AUnicodescriptisarange

containingrelatedcharacters.ForexampletheBasicLatinscriptistheunicoderange0000

to007F.

Characterset–ACharactersetisthegroupofcharactersusedtorepresentaparticular

language.Singlebytecharactersets(Codepages)cancontainupto256characters.The

characterscanrepresentdifferentlanguagesdependingontheencodingused.Fontscancontain

morethanoneCodepage,whichcanbeselectedfromthefontselectionmenuonmost

programs.(Western=Latin1252).

8.

ViewModes

TrueTypePointsView

SelectTTpointsfromtheviewmenu.ThisisthenativeTrueTypeformatandcanonlybeused

withTrueTypecurves(seeAppendixIII).ATrueTypefontstoresglyphsasaseriesofcontours

madeofpoints–eitheroff-curve(darkbluedot/lightbluedotwhenselected)oron-curve(white

circle/lightbluesquarewhenselected).

Thegrayarrowbetweenpointoneandpointtwooneach

contourindicatesthecontourdirection(seeAppendixII

regardingcorrectcontourdirection).

Pointonemustalwaysbeanon-curvepoint.

Usingon-curveandoff-curvepointsisthecorrect

representationofaTrueTypeglyph,butitisnot

necessarilytheeasiestwaytodesignglyphs.

NodesView

Selectnodesfromtheviewmenu.Anotherwaytorepresentaglyphisbyusingnodes(white

circle/lightbluesquarewhenselected)whicharealwayson-curve,andcontrolpoints(lightblue

dot)whicharealwaysoff-curve.Thelightbluelinebetweenthecontrolpointandthenodeisat

tangenttothecurve.Movethepositionofthecontrolpointstochangetheshapeofthecurve.*

Cornercurveshavecontrolpointsthatcanbemovedindependantly(unlinked).Smoothand

symmetriccurveshavelinkedcontolpointsthatarealwaysinlinewiththenode.Straightlinesdo

nothaveanycontrolpoints.

Usethepointmenu(orrightclick)tochangethetypeofcurve.

*OtherfonteditorsonlyallowthistypeofeditingwithPostScriptcurves–Typelight3.2alsoallowsyouto

edit TrueType curves in thismanner, but limits are imposed to restrict the outline to a TrueType curve.

Becauseoftheselimits,thecontrolsmaynotbehaveasyoumayexpectwheneditingTrueTypecurves

inthismode-nodesotherthantheoneyouaremoving,mayalsomove,forexample.

Off-curve points On-curve points

Corner curve Smooth curve Symmetric curve Straight corner

9.

TheToolbox

Selecttool(F1)*

Pen(F2)

Cornercurve(F3)

Smoothcurve(F4)

Straightcorner/On-curve(F5)

Off-curve(F6)

Line(Shift-F1) Rectangle(Shift-F2)

Ellipse(Shift-F3)

Ruler(Shift-F4)

Thetoolboxcontainsthetoolsthatyou

willneedforcreatinganddrawingglyphs.

Usingdifferenttools,youcanmovepoints

andcontours,drawandmanipulatelines

andcurves,createshapes,andmeasure

distances.

*ThekeyboardshortcutkeysfortheToolbox

arethefunctionkeysF1-F6.

TheSelectTool

Youcanusetheselecttooltohighlightandmovepointsaround.

Dragarectangleoverpointsornodestoselectmultiplepoints.

Pressingshiftatthesametimeallowsyoutoselectmorepoints,

eitherbydrawinganotherrectangle,orbyclickingonindividual

points.Pressingctrlatthesametimeasselectingpointswill

selecttheentirecontour.

Multiplepointselectionallowsyoutomovemanypoints

(moveoneoftheselectedsquarestomoveallofthem,oruse

thecursorkeys),performtransformations(seebelow)andallows

othercontouroperationsusingthecontourmenu.

Selectingapointbyclickingonitallowsyoutomoveasinglepoint,andgivesyouaccesstothe

optionsonthepointsmenu–eitherfromthemainmenuorbyclickingtherightmousebutton.

Ifyouareinnodesviewmodethenwhenyouselectanode,thecontrolpointsbelongingtothat

nodewillbedisplayed.Thecontrolpoints(lightbluedots)controlthecurve-clickanddragthem

toaltertheshapeofthecurve.Controlpointscanberemovedbydraggingthemintothenode,

andthenreleasingthemousebutton(PostScriptcurvesonly).Clickingonanodewhilepressing

shiftallowsanewcontrolpointtobedraggedoutofthenode(PostScriptcurvesonly).

WheneditingaglyphwithTrueTypecurves,movingaconrolpointmayalsoaffectneighboring

nodes.PostScriptcurvesdonothavethislimitation.

10.

TheToolbox(continued)

ThePenTool

Thepentoolwilldrawsmoothcurves.Leftmouseclicktoaddanode,anddragthemouse

beforeyoureleasethebuttontoextendthecontrolpoints.Thecurveswillbesymmetricabout

thenode.Iftheshiftkeyispressedthenthecontrolpointswillnolongerbelinked,andyouwill

beabletoformsmoothorcornercurves.

IfyouareeditingaglyphwithTrueTypecurves,thenwhenyoureleasethebuttonthecurvewill

converttoaTrueTypecurve(withadditionalnodes).

TheNodeandPointsTools

Thesefourtoolsworkasfollows:

• Ifnopointornodeiscurrentlyselected,clickingwillstarta

newcontour.

• Ifthelastpointornodeonacontourisselected,thenclicking

willaddanodeorpointtothecurrentcontour.

• Clickingonthefirstpointornodeofacontourwillclose

thecontour.

• Ifthemousepointerisoveracurveorline,thenasmallbox

willappearnexttothemousepointerindicatingthatclicking

willinsertanewpointornodeinthemiddleofthecontour.

Thecornertoolandcurvetoolallowyoutoadjustthedegreeof

curve.Ifyoumovethemousebeforeyoureleasethebutton,you

canchangethepositionofthecontrolpoints.

Theoff-curvetoolfunctionsonlywheneditingaglyphwith

TrueTypecurves.

Pointsandnodescanbepreciselypositionedbyusing

propertiesfromthepointsmenu(orrightclick,proporties).

11.

TheToolbox(continued)

TheRuler

Therulertoolcanbeusedtomeasuredistances.Clickatthestartposition(ornode)anddragto

theendposition(ornode).Variousmeasurementswillappearinthestatusbar:

dx (481,201)

(1627,665)

dy r

12.

TheMappingWindow

MappingWindowModes

Themappingwindowmodetoolbarbutton

willsequencethroughthedifferentmodesavailable.

Youcanalsochangethemappingmodefromthe

mappingmenu.Themodesavailableare:

1-CodePages(charactersets)

2-UnicodeScripts(arangeofunicodevalues)

3-GlyphList(allmappedandunmappedglyphs)

Userangeselecttoselectwhichcharactersaredisplayed,

andtherangeactiveboxtoindicatewhichrangesare

usedinyourfont.TomakeaWesterncharactersetfont,

forexample,selectthe1252Latin1pagerange,and

mapglyphstothesecharacters,thenchecktherange

activebox.

MappingGlyphs

Modes1and2allowglyphstobemappedtounicodecharacters(uni0000touniFFFF).Ifthe

newglyphbuttonwasusedtocreatetheglyph,thenitwillneedtobemapped:

Tomapthecurrentglyph(theglyphintheeditwindow)toacharacter,selectthecharacterinthe

mappingwindow(itwillbecomehighlightedblue),thenpressthemapbutton.Asingleglyphis

normallymappedtoasinglecharacter,butmaybemappedtomultiplecharacters.

Multipleglyphscanbemappedtomultiplecharactersinoneoperation.Selectthefirstcharacter

tobemapped,then,whilepressingshiftorctrl,selectthelastcharacter.Thewholerangeof

characterswillbehighlightedblue.If,forexample,glyph#10isthecurrentglyph,thenitwillbe

mappedtothefirstcharacter,glyph#11willbemappedtothesecondcharacter,etc,whenthe

mapbuttonispressed.

Modes3(glyphlist)allowglyphstobemappedtoallunicodecharacters,includingcharactersin

thesupplementaryplanes(uni10000touni10FFFF).Selectaglyphorrangeofglyphsinthe

mappingwindow,thenpressthemapbutton.Apromptwillappear.Entertheunicodecode

point(inhexadecimalformat)thatyouwanttomaptheglyph(orfirstglyphintherange)to.

Menu button

Range select Range active Mapped characters Unmapped characters

13.

TheMappingWindow(continued)

MappingMenu

Fromthemappingmenuyoucanadd,selectorremovebookmarks.Abookmark

willallowyoutoreturntoyourcurrentlocationinascript,codepageorglyphlist.

Toremoveabookmark,selectthebookmarkfromthemappingmenu,thenselect

removebookmark.

Resizing

Someglyphs(compositeglyphsorglyphsofsomenonlatinalphabets)maynotfitintothedefault

rowsizeofthemappingwindow.Toresizetherows:

1-Makesureenablerowresizingischeckedinpreferences.

2-Selectarowinthemappingwindow(highlightedblue).

3-Widenthecharacterspacebyclickinganddraggingwhere

thetextmarginislocated.

4-Increasetheheightofthecharacterspacingbydraggingthe

baseofthehighlightedcell.

SymbolFonts

Asymbolfontisaspecialtypeoffontnormallycontainingpictorialtypeglyphs.Symbolfont

glyphsaremappedtounicodeF020toF0FF(correspondingtoASCIIcharacters20toFF).

Tocreateasymbolfont,mapglyphstothecharactersintheSymbolCharacterSetCodePage

andsettoactive.NOTE:SettingtheSymbolCharacterSettoactivewilloverideanyotheractive

CodePages,andonlycharactersF020-F0FFwillbemappedintheoutputfont.

14.

FontParameters

AnOpenTypefontcontainsawholelotofinformation–names,fontdescriptions,parametersand

metricsspecifictoyourfont.Typelight3.2allowsyoutosetandchangemostofthese.

Ifyouarenewtofontdesign,andarecreatingabasicfont,thenyoucankeepthedefaultvalues

andusetheautomaticsettings.SeeAppendixIIforabetterunderstandingofvarious

parameters.

Names

Whenyoucreateanewfont,youarepromptedforcertainnameinformation.Thisinformationis

forthedefaultlanguage–English(US).Yourfontcancontainnameinformationforother

languagestoo.Usethenamesfromthefontmenutoaddmoreentriestothenamestable.

Selectthelanguageatthebottomofthewindowandchecktheboxtothelefttomakethe

languageactive.Blankfieldswillnotbelistedinthenamestable.IfaEnglish(US)boxis

checked,thentheEnglish(US)stringwillbeduplicatedinthatnamestablelisting.

Theadvancedbuttonallowsyoutoentervariousothernames.Themostimportantonesare:

UniqueID[3]andPostScriptname[6].Ifyouchangethenameofyourfontthenyoumust

changethesealso–orblankthemout.Ifthesefieldsareinvalidorblank,thenTypelight3.2will

generatevalidnameswhenyousavethefont.

ForanordinaryLatinfont,nameinformation

wouldnormallyonlyenteredforEnglish(US)

andMacintosh(Roman)languages(thesetwo

mustalwaysbepresent).*

Namestringssupportunicode,soyoucanpaste

unicodecharactersintothenamingwindow

inputboxes.

*MostnonLatinfontsactuallyonlyhaveenteriesfor

English(US)andMacintosh(Roman).

15.

FontParameters(continued)

FontMetrics

Usemetricsfromthefontmenutosetyourfont’smetrics.Theseparametersarecertain

measurementsspecifictoyourfont.Someoftheseareselfexplanatorylikeunderlinethickness

anditalicangle.Themostimportantonestounderstandare:

EMUnitsize: Usuallysetto2048(TrueTypeorOpenTypeTT),or1000(OpenTypePS).

Thisisusedtocalculatethepointsizewhenthefontisdisplayed.

WinAscent: top(anythingabovethismaybeclipped)

WinDescent: bottom(anythingbelowthismaybeclipped)

Capsheight: uppercasecharacterheight

‘x’height: lowercasecharacterheight(heightofalowercase‘x’)

Ifyouhavecheckedtheoptionshowhorizontalmarkers(usingparametersfromtheview

menu)thenthelastfourparametersabovewillbevisibleinthemaineditwindowas

horizontallines.

FontDescription

Usedescriptionfromthefontmenutosettheparametersthatdescribethefont:weight,width,

versionnumber,italic,boldandmono-spaced.IfyousetthefonttoMono-spacedthenthe

advancewidthofallglyphs(exceptglyphnumber1-whichmusthaveanadvancedwidth

ofzero),willbeconstant.AdvanceddescriptionparameterscanonlybealteredusingType3.2

fullversion.

16.

CompositeGlyphs

Acompositeglyphhasnocontoursorpointsofitsown,butismadeupofotherglyphs.

Thecompositeisdisplayedasablueoutline,andalthoughyoucanmoveandtransformthe

components(asifyouweremanipulatingcontours)youcannotmoveindividualpointsunless

youfirstdecomposetheglyphbyselectingdecomposefromtheglyphmenu.

GlyphscanbestoredascompositesinaTrueTypefont(.ttf),butwhensavinganOpenType

PostScriptfont(.otf)theglyphswillbenotstoredascomposites–whenyouopenthefont

again,theywillbedecomposed.(Saveacopyasa.gfsfileifyouwanttoaltertheglyphsas

compositesatalatertime).

CopyandPasteFunctions

Contoursandwholeglyphscanbecopiedandpastedbetweenglyphs:

• Usecopyglyphfromtheeditmenutocopythecurrentglyphtotheclipboard.

• Userightclickcopyglyphfromthemappingwindow(glyphlistmodeonly)tocopythe

selectedglyphtotheclipboard.

• Usecopyfromtheeditmenutocopyonlytheselectedpointstotheclipboard.

• WhenthedestinationglyphisintheGlyphWindow,usepastefromtheeditmenu.

• Tocreateacompositeglyph,firstmakesurethatpastetocreatecompositeglyphsis

enabledinpreferences,thenpastetoablankglyph.Pastetoanexistingcompositeglyphto

addanothercomponentglyph.

• ThepastemetricsoptionfromtheeditmenupastesonlytheLeftSideBearingandAdvance

Widthfromtheclipboard.

17.

Hinting

Whenafontisdisplayedatasmallpointsizeonalowresolutiondevice(egascreen),several

distortionscanoccur.Thishappensbecausetherearenotenoughpixelstoaccuratelyrepresent

therasterizedfont.Adjustments(calledhints)canimprovetheappearanceofthefontat

lowresolutions.

Hintscaneitherbeglobal(applytoallglyphswithinthefont)orcanapplytoindividualglyphs.

YoucanuseTypelight3.2tospecifygasphintingonly.Type3.2fullversionalsosupports

globalhintingofPostScriptfonts,whichcanbeauto-hintedusingAdobe’sfreefont

developmentkit.

Gasp(Grayscale)Hinting

GasphintingallowsyoutospecifytherasterizationtechniqueforaTrueTypefontwhenitis

renderedongrayscale-capabledevicesatdifferentsizes.

AtypicalGasptablecouldbe:

Fontsize^ Rasterizationtechnique

ppem<=8 grayscaleonly*

9<=ppem<=19 gridfitonly**

20<=ppem gridfitandgrayscale

Selectgasphintingfromthefontmenu.Enter8inthemaxppembox,selectgrayscaleinthe

smoothingselection,thenpressadd.Enter19inthemaxppembox,selectgridfitinthe

smoothingselection,thenpressadd.Enter65535inthemaxppembox,selectgrayscale&

gridfitinthesmoothingselection,thenpressadd(alwaysenter65535asthemaxppemfor

thelastentry).

^ppem=pixelsperem.Emfora72pointfontis1inch(1pt=1/72thinch).

Soa72ptfontrenderedona96dpi(dotsperinch)monitoris96ppem.

(Soitfollowsthat8ppemwouldbe6ptona96dpimonitor).

*Noteforyourcomputermustalsohavefontsmoothingactivatedforgrayscalerendering.

**GridfitmeansuseTrueTypehintinginstructions(theymustbepresentinthefont).

18.

AppendixI-FontOptions

OpenTypeTables

Typelight3.2createsTrueTypeandOpenTypeTTfonts(.ttf)withthesetables:

OS/2 cmap glyf head

hhea hmtx loca map

name post

OpenTypePSfonts(.otf)willhavetheabovetables,buttheCFFtablereplacestheglyftable.

Wheneditingafont,thefollowingtablescanbeincludedifpresentintheoriginalfile,or,inthe

caseoftheGasptable,ifithasbeencreatedbytheuser:

prep

cvt

LTSH

fpgm

If’Hinting’retained^.

EBDT

EBLC

EBSC

If’Bitmaps’retained.

vhea

vmtx

If’Verticalmetrics’retained.

hdmx*

kern

gasp

PCLT**

VDMX

Selectindividually.

BASE

GDEF

GPOS

GSUB

JSTF

If‘OpenType’retained***.

^ThesetablesforTTfontsonly.ForPSfontsthehintingoptionwillcontrolglyphlevelhintingonly.

*Ifyouhaveeditedanyglyphs,thenthehdmx(horizontalmetrics)tablemaynolongerbeaccurate–itisthen

recommendedthatyoudonotretainit.VDMXandhdmxtablescanbere-createdusingafreetoolfromMicrosoft

calledCacheTT.(www.microsoft.com/typography/tools/tools.aspx)

**Ifyouhavechangedthefontsdescription,thenthePCLTtablemaynolongerbeaccurate-itisthenrecommended

thatyoudonotretainit.ThePCLTtableisstronglydiscouragedforusewithOpenTypefonts.

***FontssavedasOpenTypewillalsobegivenanemptyDSIGtable,ThisistogivethefonttheOpenTypeiconon

WindowsXP.Theoriginaldigitalsignature(ifany)willnotberetained,asitisnolongervalidforaneditedfont.

19.

AppendixII-FontBasics

ABitofHistory

TrueTypewasoriginallydevelopedbyAppleinthelate80’s,afterApple&Microsoftrejected

aproposalbyAdobetouseAdobeType1(PostScript)fontsfortheiroperatingsystems.

ThroughadealwithApple,TrueTypewasadoptedbyMicrosoftin1992,fortheirWindows3.1

operatingsystem.

AdobejoinedforceswithMicrosoftin1996tocombinetheirtechnologiesandproduce

OpenType,whichsupportsbothTrueTypeandPostScriptformats.Adobefinishedconvertingits

entirefontlibrarytoOpenType(PostScript)fontsin2002withtheintentionthatAdobeType1

fonts(seeAppendixIII)eventuallybephasedout.

Glyphs(TrueType)

TheoutlinesofaTrueTypeglypharedefinedbycontours.Contoursaredefinedbypoints.

Pointsofacontourareeitheron-curve(definingstraightlines)oroff-curve(definingatypeof

curvecalledaquadraticspline).Thefirstpointonacontour(pointzero)mustalwaysbean

on-curvepoint.SeeAppendixIIIformoredetails.

Thefilled-inareaofaTrueTypeglyphisalwayson

theright-handsideofthecontour.So,forthe

letter‘o’here,thepointsformingtheoutside

contourwillincrementclockwise,andthepoints

formingtheinnercontourwillincrementanti-

clockwise.

(NotethattechnicallyPostScriptcurvesshouldbe

intheoppositedirection-withtheoutside

contourcounterclockwise.)

Theextremesofaglyphshouldbedefinedwith

on-curvepoints.

GlyphMetrics

Certainmetricsdefinethehorizontaldimensionsofaglyph.These

can be set using glyph metrics from the glyph menu, or by

draggingthetopoftheredandgreenverticalmarkers.

TheAdvanceWidth (AW),LeftSideBearing (LSB)andRightSide

Bearing(RSB)determinethespacingbetweencharacters.

AW=LSB+characterwidth+RSB

Points incrementing clockwise

Points incrementing anti-clockwise

H Advance Width

RSB LSB

20.

AppendixII(continued)

FontMetrics

CertainmetricsdefinetheverticaldimensionsofcharactersinanOpenTypefont:

ASCENDER: Heightofascender(usuallyheightof‘b’)

DESCENDER:Heightofdescender(usuallydepthof‘p’)

CAPSHEIGHT: Heightofuppercasecharacters(defn:heightof‘H’)

‘x’HEIGHT: Heightoflowercasecharacters(defn:heightof‘x’)

BASELINE: Aty=0

Donotconfusetheascenderanddescenderwithascentanddescent(calledWinAscentand

WinDescentinmetricsfromthefontmenu).Ascentanddescentdefinetheupperandlower

limitsofallglyphs–anythingoutsidetheselimitswillbeclipped.

TheEMsquaredeterminesthesizeofthefontwhenitisdisplayed.Forexample,whenthefont

isdisplayedat12points,theEMsquarewillbe12pointshigh(1point=1/72inch).

TheEMsquarewastraditionally(fromtype-settingdays)definedasthesizeofanuppercase‘M’,

buttypicallytheEMsquareencompassestheascendersanddescenderswithsomeextra

(internal)leadingaswell.

ThesizeoftheEMsquareisusuallysetat2048unitsforaTrueTypeorOpenTypeTTfont,and

usuallysetat1000unitsforOpenTypePSfonts.

StandardGlyphs

ItisstandardforaOpenTypefonttocontainmappingtotheMacintoshRomancharacterset,

evenifthefontisonlytobeusedforMicrosoftWindows.Also,tomeetApplespecifications,the

firstfourglyphsofaOpenTypeFontshouldbethese:

GLYPH#0 Usedforundefinedcharacters-normallyaboxshape

GLYPH#1 Specialglyphwithnocontours,andzerowidth

GLYPH#2 CRcharacter-nocontours,butwithadefinedwidth(mappedto0009and000D)

GLYPH#3 Thespacecharacter-nocontours,butwithadefinedwidth(mappedto0020)

Visitthetypographylinkshereformoreinformation:cr8software.net/links.html

x b p H

Ascender Caps height

Baseline

Descender

‘x’ height

21.

AppendixIII-PostScript,TrueTypeandOpenType

CurvesandOutlines

Outlines(thecurvesthatformcharacters)arestoredasaseriesofpoints,usingoneoftwo

methodstomathematicallydescribetheirshape.WecansaythatfontseitherhavePostScript

outlinesorTrueTypeoutlines.Thisappendixbrieflydescribesthedifferencebetweenthetwo,

andtheimplicationsforfontcreationandediting.

TypesofOutlineFonts

TrueType

extension:.ttf

TrueTypeoutlines

Type1(notsupportedbyTypelight3.2)

extension:.pfb&.pfm

PostScriptoutlines.

OpenType(TT)

extension:.ttf

TrueTypeoutlines.ActuallyidenticaltoTrueTypefonts,

butmaycontainadditionalOpenTypeinformation.

OpenType(PS)

extension:.otf

PostScriptoutlines.EssentiallyType1fontswrappedina

TrueTypefilestructure.

Abode’sintentionisthatType1fontsbeeventuallyphasedoutandreplacedbyOpenTypePS

fonts.AdobeType1fontsarenotsupportedbyTypelight3.2.

TrueTypeandPostScriptOutlines

Outlinesinafontaredescribedbyaseriesofpoints.Todescribeastraightline,youonlyneedto

specifytheco-ordinatesofthetwoendpoints,buttospecifyacurve,youneedsomeextrapoints

inbetween.Amathematicalequationcalledabeziercurveisused.

Fig.1ashowsacurvedescribedbytwoendpointsand

twooff-curvepoints.Thisisaquadraticbezier,or

TrueTypeoutline.

Fig.1bshowsthesamecurvewiththreenodesandtheir

controlpoints.Thisisacubicbezier,orPostScriptoutline.

22.

AppendixIII(continued)

Infact,quadraticbeziersareasubsetofcubicbeziers,soanyTrueTypecurvecanbeconverted

exactly toaPostScriptone (like inFigure1).Conversion intheotherdirectionisnotsosimple,

anditmayrequireseveralquadraticcurvestoapproximateaparticularcubicbezier.

Fig.2ashowsacircularcurverepresentedbya

PostScriptoutline.

Fig.2b,theequivalentTrueTypeoutline,requires

manymorepointsandisonlyanearapproximation

totheoriginalcurve.

SoconversionofTrueTypefontstoPostScriptonesisanexactscience(asidefromotherfactors

such as scale and hinting), but conversion of PostScript fonts to TrueType is only a close

approximation. Most commercial TrueType fonts are designed as PostScript curves, and then

convertedtoTrueType.

BecausePostScriptcurvesareasupersetofTrueType,agreaterrangeofcurvescanbedrawn

withfewerpoints,makingdesignmucheasier.Sothecubicbezier,withitsnodesandcontrol

points,isthedesignindustry’sdrawingstandard.

Basedonanarticle:cr8software.net/article004.html

23.

AppendixIV-KeyboardShortcuts

CTRL+O Openglyphdata

CTRL+S Saveglyphdata

ALT+O Openfontfile

ALT+S Savefontfile

ARROWKEYS Movemultipleselectedpoints(useshifttomovefaster)

+and- Magnifyandreduceglyphineditwindow

CTRL+T Toggleviewmode

CTRL+Y Togglemappingview

CTRL+K Togglepreviewfill

CTRL+H Toggleglyphpreviewpanel

CTRL+X Copywholeglyph

CTRL+C Copyselectedpoints

CTRL+V Paste

CTRL+B Pastemetricsonly

CTRL+Z Undo

CTRL+TAB Redo

CTRL+U Glyphinformation

CTRL+A Selectall

CTRL+D Selectnone

ESC/Enter Deselectpoint

CTRL+N Createanewglyph

CTRL+M Clearcurrentglyph

CTRL+P Point/nodeproperties

CTRL+E Selectcontour

8 Changetounlinkedcornercurve

9 Changetosmoothcurve

0 Changetosymmetriccurve

CTRL+R Reversecontour

CTRL+DEL Deletecontour

DEL Deleteselectedpoints

CTRL+F Setsizeofgrid

CTRL+G Show-hidegrid

F1-F6 Selecttools(1-6)

SHIFT+F1-F4 Selecttools(7-10)

24.

Copyright

Typelight3.2isCopyright©2013CR8SoftwareSolutionsLimited("SoftwarePublisher").

Allrightsreserved.

ThisEndUserLicenseAgreementaccompaniestheTypelight3.2fonteditor("Software")and

appliestoallassociatedfiles(exceptthirdpartyfonts),anyupgrades,documentation,modified

versionsorupdatesoftheSoftware.

1.USEOFTHESOFTWARE.

YoumayusetheSoftwareproductfortheproductionoffontsforpersonalorlimitedcommercial

use(youcansellfontsproducedbythesoftwareifyouarenotabusiness,andsellingfontsisnot

yourprimaryincome).TheSoftwaremaynotbeusedinanyothercommericialcapacity(including

theproductionoffontsforsalebyafoundryoreditingoralteringofexistingfontsforprinting,

designorotherindustrialorcommercialuse).

2.COPYRIGHT.

TheSoftwareiscopyrightoftheSoftwarePublisher.Youmaynotcopy,sellorredistributethe

Software.ThisAgreementdoesnotgrantyouanyintellectualpropertyrightsinTheSoftware.

3.RESTRICTIONS.

Youagreenottomodify,adapt,translate,reverseengineer,decompile,disassembleorotherwise

attempttodiscoverthesourcecodeoftheSoftware.Youmaynotalterormodifytheinstaller

programorcreateanewinstallerfortheSoftware.

4.LIMITEDWARRANTY

InnoeventwilltheSoftwarePublisherbeliableforindirect,special,incidental,tort,economic,

coverorconsequentialdamagesarisingoutoftheuseoforinabilitytousetheSoftware,

including,withoutlimitation,damagesorcostsrelatingtothelossofprofits,business,goodwill,

dataorcomputerprograms,evenifadvisedofthepossibilityofsuchdamages.Innocaseshall

theSoftwarePublisherbeliableformoneydamagesexceedtheamountpaidbyyouforthe

Softwareoutofwhichsuchclaimarose.TheSoftwarePublisherlimitsliability,accordingtothe

termsofthisAgreement,totheextentpermissibleatlaw.

5.THIRDPARTYCOMPONENTS

ThisEndUserLicenseAgreementdoesnotapplytocertainthirdpartyfontsbundledwiththis

package.Thesefonts,andtheirrespectivelicenses,arecontainedinthe/encsubdirectoryofthe

installdirectory.

TheFreeTypelibrary(freetype6.dll)isusedanddistributedundertheFreeTypeProjectLicense.

Seefreetype-license.txtintheinstalldirectory.

YOURACCEPTANCEOFTHEFOREGOINGAGREEMENTWASINDICATEDDURINGINSTALLATION.

©2013CR8SoftwareSolutionsLimited

Unit5,158HendonAvenue,Auckland1025,NewZealand.

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