Type AType AType BType B

Type ABType ABType OType O

You are either blood type A, B, AB or O. But did you know that your blood type is determined by microscopic antigens found on your red blood cells?

Blood Type  

Percent of Population with your Blood Type

Patients who can receive your platelets

Patients who can receive your Red Blood Cells

Patients who can receive your Plasma

 

O + 38%All Blood Types

O+, A+, B+, AB+ O+, O-

O - 7%All Blood Types

All Blood Types O+, O-

B + 9%All Blood Types

B+, AB+ B+, B-, O+, O-

B - 2%All Blood Types

B+, B-, AB+, AB- B+, B-, O+, O-

A + 34%All Blood Types

A+, AB+ A+, A-, O+, O-

A - 6%All Blood Types

A+, A-, AB+, AB- A+, A-, O+, O-

Type O- universal donor

Type AB- universal recipients

Universal Donor Universal Recipient

BLOOD GROUPS AND TRANSFUSIONS

1. Correctly complete the following table concerning the ABO blood groups.

Blood type Agglutininogens or antigens Agglutinins or antibodies in plasma Can donate blood to type Can receive blood from type

1. Type A A anti - B A, AB A, O

2. Type B B anti-A B, AB B, O

3. Type AB AB none AB A, B, AB, O

4. Type O none anti - A, anti - B A, B, AB, O O

2. What type is the universal donor? ____TYPE O____

3. The universal recipient?___TYPE AB____

4. When a person is given a transfusion of mismatched blood, a transfusion reaction occurs. Define the term

transfusion reaction: in the blanks below.

____a reaction during which plasma antibodies attach____

___to and lyse red blood cells different from your own___

Antibody- proteins made by lymphocytes in plasma which are made in response to the presence of antigens. They attack foreign antigens, which result in clumping (agglutination)

Your immune system recognizes foreign particles that are not normally in your body as antigens. If an antigen is present, it stimulates your immune system to release antibodies to provide immunity against the specific antigen. There are genetically determined proteins found on the plasma membrane of your red blood cells. These special proteins are antigens - and what we refer to as red blood cell antigens.

Antigen- protein on the surface of a RBC membrane

AgglutinationYour body tolerates your own red blood cell antigens, but if your blood were to be transfused into another person with different red blood cell antigens, that person would have some big problems. That other person's antibodies 

would recognize the transfused red blood cells as foreign and bind to them. If this occurs, it leads to a process called agglutination, where the red blood 

cells clump together and interfere with blood circulation due to the fact that 

this clump of cells can clog up small blood vessels in the body.

Transfusion reaction: a reaction during which plasma antibodies attach to and lyse (rupture) red

blood cells other than your own. 

The ABO blood group system is a classification system for blood that depends on the presence or absence of an A or B antigen on the red blood cells. ABO blood groups are determined by the types of antigens you inherited from mom and dad, specifically, type A or type B.

Figure 17.16

SerumAnti-A

RBCs

Anti-B

Type AB (containsagglutinogens A and B;agglutinates with bothsera)

Blood being tested

Type A (containsagglutinogen A;agglutinates with anti-A)

Type B (containsagglutinogen B;agglutinates with anti-B)

Type O (contains noagglutinogens; does notagglutinate with eitherserum)

Type A

ABO Blood TypesABO Blood Types

Produces Produces anti-B anti-B antibodiesantibodies

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

Type B

ABO Blood TypesABO Blood Types

Produces Produces anti-A anti-A antibodiesantibodies

a

a

a

a

a

a a

a

aa

Type AB

ABO Blood TypesABO Blood Types

Produces Produces neither neither anti-A nor anti-A nor anti-B anti-B antibodiesantibodies

Type O

ABO Blood TypesABO Blood Types

Produces Produces both anti-A both anti-A and anti-B and anti-B antibodiesantibodies

a

a

a

a

a

aa

a

aa

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

Rh Factor

• Rh factor: The Rh factor is a type of protein on the surface of red blood cells. Most people who have the Rh factor are Rh+ positive. Those who do not have the Rh factor are Rh-negative.

• Rh+  85% dominant in pop

• Rh-   15% recessive 

Rh Factor and Pregnancy

RH- indicates no protein

RH+ indicates proteinRH+ indicates protein

                                                                                                             

Rh Factor and

Pregnancy

Rh+ mother w/Rh- baby– no problemRh- mother w/Rh+ baby– problemRh- mother w/Rh- father– no problemRh- mother w/Rh- baby-- no problem

RhoGAM used @ 28 weeks