Two examples

The Pantheon – Rome

The Pantheon – Rome

Then the recipe for Concrete was lost

We need bundles of 1014

nanotubes

Defects will not propagate among the straws

We need to make them meters long

Man’s greatest Enemy

2.7 million deaths this year

The embargo on DDT has condemned 2.7 million (mainly children) to death

this year

Bio-Nano approaches DNA manipulation

We need to make them meters long

We need bundles of 1014 nanotubes

We need bundles of 1014 nanotubes

DNA Sequencing

Genetic Fingerprinting

Liquid Crystal Displays

ATP synthase

Haemoglobin

Birth Control Pill

Penicillin

Anti-malaria drugs

Molecular Computing

Ozone Hole discovery

Virus structures

Platinum anti cancer drugs

Nike shoes polymers

Shampoo

Sewage Treatment

Washing up bowls

Haber Process

Materials defects

Catalysis (35%GNP)

Silicon chip

Polymers

Glass

Pharma Industry

Liquified Gases N2 O2

Pole vaulter pole

Hip joints

Bikes

Skateboards

DNA Sequencing Genetic Fingerprinting Liquid Crystal Displays ATP synthase Haemoglobin Birth Control Pill Penicillin Anti-malaria drugs Molecular Computing Ozone Hole discovery Virus structures Platinum anti cancer drugs Nike shoes polymers Shampoo Sewage Treatment Washing up bowls Haber Process Materials defects Catalysis (35%GNP) Silicon chip Polymers Glass Pharma Industry Liquified Gases N2 O2 Pole vaulter pole Hip joints Bikes Skateboards

DNA Sequencing

Genetic Fingerprinting

Liquid Crystal Displays

ATP synthase

Haemoglobin

Birth Control Pill

Penicillin

Anti-malaria drugs

Molecular Computing

Ozone Hole discovery

Virus structures

Platinum anti cancer drugs

Nike shoes polymers

Shampoo

Sewage Treatment

Washing up bowls

Haber Process

Materials defects

Catalysis (35%GNP)

Silicon chip

Polymers

Glass

Pharma Industry

Liquified Gases N2 O2

Pole vaulter pole

Hip joints

Avogadro’s Number1 Size of an atom 2 Dalton – atomicity3 Balmer Series 4 Bohr Atom5 Pasteur chirality6 3D molecule tetrahedral molecule7 Angular momentum > spdf > Periodic Table8 X ray crystallography9 Electronic structure10 DNA measurement laser optical analogue11 Chemical shift in nmr12 The structure of benzene13 Molecular spectroscopy HCl length of chemical bond14 The potential curve 15 energy of a bond H2

16 Reaction Intermediates A + B > [C] > products17 Reaction coordinate18 Polymers19 Molecular Machines Haemoglobin ATP synthase

Man’s got t’know his limitations

The limit to the strength of a particular material is the Defect

and how they may be overcome