tutorial ob students em 3

8/12/2019 Tutorial Ob Students Em 3

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ABDM2073 Organisational Behaviour

Tutorial 1(WEEK 1) - What s Organi!ational Behavior"

1. Over the past two decades, business schools have added required courses on peopleskills to many of their curricula. Why have they done this?

a. Managers no longer need technical skills in sub ects such as economics andaccounting to succeed.b. !here is an increased emphasis in controlling employee behavior in the workplace.c. Managers need to understand human behavior if they are to be effective.d. !hese skills enable managers to effectively lead human resources departments.e. " manager with good people skills can help create a pleasant workplace.

#. Which of the following is most likely to be a belief held by a successful manager?a. !echnical knowledge is all that is needed for success.b. $t is not essential to have sound interpersonal skills.c. !echnical skills are necessary, but insufficient alone for success.d. %ffectiveness is not impacted by human behavior.e. !echnical skills do not influence efficiency.

&. Which of the following is not one of the four primary management functions?a. controllingb. planningc. staffingd. organi'inge. leading

(. )etermining how tasks are to be grouped is part of which management function?a. planningb. leadingc. controllingd. organi'ing

e. contemplating

*. Mint'berg concluded that managers perform 1+ different, highly interrelated roles. Whichof the following is one of the broad categories into which these roles could be grouped?a. intrapersonalb. institutionalc. decisionald. affectivee. reflective

. "ccording to Mint'berg, when a manager searches the organi'ation and its environment

for opportunities and initiates pro ects to bring about change, the manager is acting inwhich role?

a. negotiator b. entrepreneur c. monitor d. resource allocator e. reflective analyst

-. "ccording to at', when managers have the mental ability to analy'e and diagnosecomple/ situations, they possess 00000 skills.a. technicalb. leadership


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c. problem solvingd. conceptuale. reactive

2. Which of 3uthans4 managerial activities involves sociali'ing, politicking, and interactingwith outsiders?a. traditional managementb. communicatingc. human resource managementd. networkinge. investing

5. "ccording to 3uthans4 research, successful managers spent more of their time on 00000 than on any other activity.a. traditional managementb. human resource managementc. networkingd. communicatinge. hiring and firing

1+. What are the three primary determinants of behavior that organi'ational behavior focusesupon?a. profit structure, organi'ational comple/ity, ob satisfactionb. individuals, profit structure, and ob satisfactionc. individuals, groups, and ob satisfactiond. groups, structure, and profit structuree. individuals, groups, and structure

11. Which of the following is not a core topic of organi'ational behavior?a. motivationb. attitude developmentc. conflictd. resource allocation

e. work design

1#. Which of the following is a reason that the study of organi'ational behavior is useful?a. 6uman behavior does not vary a great deal between individuals and situations.b. 6uman behavior is not random.c. 6uman behavior is not consistent.d. 6uman behavior is rarely predictable.e. 6uman behavior is often not sensible.

1&. Organi'ational behavior is constructed from all of the following disciplines e/cept 00000.a. physicsb. psychologyc. anthropology

d. sociologye. social psychology 1(. !he science that seeks to measure, e/plain, and sometimes change the behavior of

humans and other animals is known as 00000.a. psychiatryb. psychologyc. sociologyd. political sciencee. organi'ational behavior


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1*. 00000 focuses on the study of people in relation to their social environment.a. 7sychologyb. 8ociologyc. 9orporate strategyd. 7olitical sciencee. Operations management

1 . Which of the following fields has most helped us understand differences in fundamentalvalues, attitudes, and behavior among people in different countries?a. anthropologyb. psychologyc. political scienced. operations researche. psycholinguistics

1-. Which of the following has only recently been considered a primary dependent variable in

organi'ational behavior?a. productivityb. absenteeismc. turnover d. ob satisfactione. organi'ational citi'enship behavior

12. Which of the following is an e/ample of being an efficient company?a. operating at the lowest possible cost while yielding a higher outputb. creating the highest customer satisfaction ratingsc. meeting the production scheduled. obtaining the highest market sharee. ma/imi'ing diversity at high cost

15. What term is used to describe voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from anorgani'ation?

a. absenteeismb. turnover c. downsi'ingd. truancye. social atrophy

#+. 00000 is discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee4s formal ob requirement,but that promotes the effective functioning of the organi'ation.a. 7roductivityb. Motivationc. Organi'ational citi'enshipd. Organi'ational behavior e. 9orporate strategy

#1. While the :unctions, ;oles, 8kills, and "ctivities approaches to management all differ,they all recogni'e that effective and successful managers must develop which of thefollowing?a. people skillsb. technical skillsc. efficiencyd. entrepreneurialisme. ability to network


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##. "n O< study would be least likely to be used to focus on which of the followingproblems?

a. an increase in absenteeism at a certain companyb. a fall in productivity in one shift of a manufacturing plantc. a decrease in sales due to growing foreign competitiond. an increase in theft by employees at a retail storee. e/cessive turnover in volunteer workers at a non profit organi'ation

#&. Which of the following statements is not an implication of increased workplace diversity?a. Managers should recogni'e differences between workers.b. )iversity training should be provided.c. %mployee benefits should be revamped to accommodate the different needs of

different employees.d. $t is critical that all workers be treated alike.e. $nnovation and creativity in organi'ations is likely to increase.

#(. "ccording to the te/tbook, when diversity is not managed properly, there is a potential for 00000.a. higher creativityb. communication benefitsc. labor cost inequitiesd. increased competitivenesse. higher turnover

SCENARIO-BASED QUESTIONS

$magine that risten Mc ay is a manager at a company speciali'ing in bread and bread bakingparaphernalia. risten performs all the normal management functions outlined in your te/tbook.

"nswer the following questions based on 6enri :ayol4s work.

1. When Ms. Mc ay develops a strategy for achieving her department4s goals, she is

performing the00000 function of management.a. planningb. organi'ingc. leadingd. controllinge. reacting

#. When Ms. Mc ay determines which employees will do what tasks, she is performing the 00000 function of management.a. planningb. organi'ingc. leadingd. controlling

e. reacting&. When Ms. Mc ay motivates her employees and attempts to resolve conflicts among

department members, she is performing the 00000 function of management.a. planningb. organi'ingc. leadingd. controllinge. reacting


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(. When Ms. Mc ay compares pro ected sales to actual sales in her department, she isperforming the 00000 function of management.a. planningb. organi'ingc. leadingd. controllinge. reacting

TRUE/ FALSE SECTION

1. Managers get things done through other people.

#. !he term =organi'ation>, as used in your te/tbook, is meant to include business firms andnon profits, but e/clude government agencies.

&. Managers may be referred to as administrators in not for profit organi'ations.

(. 6enri :ayol identified five management functions planning, organi'ing, commanding,coordinating, and controlling.

*. Modern theorists have condensed :ayol4s five management functions down to fourplanning, organi'ing, commanding, and controlling.

. !he controlling function of management includes the determination of what tasks are tobe done.

-. Monitoring, comparing, and correcting activities are all included in the controlling function.

2. !he role of spokesperson is an e/ample of an informational role.

5. "s resource allocators, managers are responsible for allocating human, physical, andmonetary resources.

1+. When managers initiate and oversee new pro ects that will improve their organi'ation4sperformance, they are acting in the capacity of an entrepreneur, which is an e/ample of an informational role.

SHORT DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1. )iscuss the four management functions defined by 6enri :ayol as described in your te/t.

#. %/plain how :red 3uthans differentiates between successful and effective managers.

&. 6ow does globali'ation affect a manager4s people skills?

(. )iscuss 6enry Mint'berg4s ten different roles. @roup them as being primarily

interpersonal, informational, and decisional.*. )emonstrate the importance of interpersonal skills in the workplace.


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Tutorial 2 # 3 (WEEK 2) - Foundations of Organi ation Stru!ture

1. 00000 defines how ob tasks are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated.a. Organi'ational structureb. Work speciali'ationc. )epartmentali'ationd. Organi'ational behavior e. Matri/ departmentation

#. Organi'ational structure has si/ key elements. Which of the following is not one of theseelements?a. centrali'ationb. departmentali'ationc. work speciali'ationd. formali'atione. location of authority

&. Work speciali'ation is the same as 00000.a. departmentali'ationb. division of labor c. decentrali'ationd. ob groupinge. chain command

(. " task that is subdivided into many separate obs is considered to have 00000.a. a high degree of departmentali'ationb. a low degree of decentrali'ationc. a high degree of work speciali'ationd. a low degree of structuree. a high degree of matri/ structuring

*. " plant manager who organi'es the plant by separating engineering, accounting,manufacturing, personnel, and purchasing into departments is practicing 00000 departmentali'ation.a. target customer b. productc. functionald. geographice. graphic

. !he unbroken line of authority that e/tends from the top of the organi'ation to the lowestechelon and clarifies who reports to whom is termed 00000.

a. chain of commandb. authorityc. span of control.d. unity of commande. web of authority

-. !he right inherent in a managerial position to give orders and e/pect orders to be obeyedis termed 00000.a. chain of commandb. authority


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c. power d. unity of commande. leadership

2. !he unity of command principle states which of the following?a. Managers should limit their oversight to a ma/imum of 1# employees.b. Managers should oversee 1 A ( employees on average.c. "n individual should be directly responsible to only one supervisor.d. Managers should provide direction to their employees in a unified fashion.e. %mployees should report directly to two supervisors to maintain task balance.

5. Which of the following is a drawback of a narrow span of control? $t 00000.a. reduces effectivenessb. is more efficientc. encourages overly tight supervision and discourages employee autonomyd. empowers employeese. increases participatory decision making

1+. Which one of the following dichotomies of organi'ational structure specifically defineswhere decisions are made?a. comple/ityBsimplicityb. formali'ationBinformali'ationc. centrali'ationBdecentrali'ationd. speciali'ationBenlargemente. affectivityBrefle/ivity

11. 00000 is characteri'ed by a low degree of departmentali'ation, wide spans of control,authority centrali'ed in a single person, and little formali'ation.a.


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1*. $f there is low formali'ation, a comprehensive information network, and high participationin decision making, one would e/pect aCnD 00000 structure.a. simpleb. mechanisticc. organicd. stablee. matri/

1 . 00000 departmentali'ation achieves economies of scale by placing people with commonskills and orientations into common units.a. :unctionalb. 7rocessc. 7roductd. @eographice. !emporal

1-. 7roctor E @amble departmentali'es by !ide, 7ampers, 9harmin, and 7ringles. !his is ane/ample of departmentali'ation by 00000.a. functionb. processc. geographyd. producte. interest

12. %mployee discretion is inversely related to 00000.a. comple/ityb. standardi'ationc. speciali'ationd. departmentali'atione. decentrali'ation

15. Which one of the following problems is most likely to occur in a matri/ structure?a. decreased response to environmental change

b. decreased employee motivationc. loss of economies of scaled. increases in groupthinke. employees receiving conflicting directives

#+. !he prototype of the virtual structure is today4s 00000.a. appliance manufacturersb. movie making organi'ationsc. fast food restaurantsd. architecture firmse. simple organi'ation

TRUE/FALSE

1. 8peciali'ation defines how ob tasks are formally defined, grouped, and coordinated.

#. !he degree to which tasks in the organi'ation are subdivided into separate obs is termeddepartmentali'ation.

&. Work speciali'ation may result in employee boredom, stress, and absenteeism.

(. Only one form of departmentali'ation can effectively be implemented in an organi'ationat a time.


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*. !he strength of functional departmentali'ation lies in putting similar specialists together.

. 8pan of command determines the number of levels and managers an organi'ation has.

-. "ll things being equal, the wider or larger the span of control, the more profitable theorgani'ation.

2. !here has been a marked trend toward centrali'ation in business decision making.

5. "n increase in the number of rules and regulations results in increased formali'ation.

1+. "utonomy and formali'ation are positively related.

11. !he simple structure is fle/ible and ine/pensive to maintain, but its chain of command isoften ambiguous.

1#. !he strength of the bureaucracy is its ability to facilitate coordination when theorgani'ation has comple/ and interdependent activities.

1&. !he matri/ organi'ation is also called the network or modular organi'ation.

1(. Fou have decided to hire a small shop to do all of your duplicating and printing. !his is ane/ample of outsourcing.

1*. !he virtual organi'ation is effective at reinforcing management control over businessoperations.

1 . "n organi'ation that seeks to eliminate the chain of command is a boundarylessorgani'ation.

1-. 8tatus and rank are minimi'ed in the boundaryless organi'ation.

)iscussion Guestions

1. What is the difference between the mechanistic model and the organic model of organi'ational structure?

#. )escribe the three common organi'ational designs simple structure, bureaucracy, andmatri/ structure.

&. %/plain the implications of different organi'ational designs for employee behavior.

(. What are five common ways that an organi'ation can group activities? @ive an e/ampleof each.

*. What is the difference between centrali'ation and decentrali'ation?


Tutorial $ # % (WEEK 3) - Foundations of Organi ation Stru!ture " #er!e$tion

1. " company oriented around cost minimi'ation is best served by which type of structure?a. virtual


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b. combinationc. mechanisticd. organice. targeted

#. Which of the following is not a determinant of an organi'ation4s structure?a. strategyb. organi'ation si'ec. si'e of revenuesd. technologye. "ll of the above are determinants of an organi'ation4s structure.

&. Which of the following generali'ations about organi'ational structures and employeeperformance and satisfaction is most accurate?a. !here is fairly strong evidence linking decentrali'ation and ob satisfaction.b. Ho evidence supports a relationship between span of control and employee

performance.c. !he evidence generally indicates that work speciali'ation contributes to lower

employee productivity.d. %mployees dislike routine work that makes minimal intellectual demands.e. 3arge spans of control provide more distant supervision, thereby increasing employeeproductivity.

9onsultants %/ceptional C9%D has hired you to develop training materials for their consultants.Four first assignment is to develop a training program that helps their consultants to analy'e andunderstand the organi'ational structure of the company that they are assisting. 9% believes thatin order to adequately evaluate and understand a client company, consultants need to understandthe basic organi'ational structure of the company. 9onsultants are then able to recommendactions and changes based on the company4s structure.

(. One of the questions you tell the trainees to ask is, =!o what degree are tasks subdividedinto separate obs?> !his question addresses the issue of 00000.a. formali'ationb. work speciali'ationc. span of controld. chain of commande. matri/ restructuring

*. 00000 is addressed by asking the question =On what basis are obs grouped together?>a. )epartmentali'ationb. Work speciali'ationc. 9entrali'ation and decentrali'ationd. :ormali'atione. Matri/ restructuring

. Four trainees are given a case study concerning a local manufacturing firm called "cme7roducts. $n assessing "cme4s organi'ational structure, your trainees notice that all of thecompany4s decisions are made by top management, with little or no input from lower levelpersonnel. !he trainees most likely identify "cme as aCnD 00000 organi'ation.a. decentrali'edb. highly formali'edc. aggressively managedd. highly centrali'ede. informally structured


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-. !he "cme 7roducts case study notes that the senior management at "cme is concernedbecause the company takes so long to bring new products to market. Which of thefollowing approaches would your trainees identify as most likely to help resolve thisproblem?a. reduction of cross functional work teamsb. decentrali'ation of the decision making processc. decreased work speciali'ationd. decreased formali'ation of policies and procedurese. reduced diversity within the company4s work force

2. Fou instruct the trainees to ask about the degree of rules and regulations that directemployees and managers. Fou want to help them understand the 00000.a. chain of commandb. degree of formali'ationc. span of controld. degree of departmentali'atione. idea of matri/ restructuring

5. What is the relationship between what one perceives and ob ective reality?a. !hey are the same.b. !hey can be substantially different.c. !hey should be the same.d. !hey are rarely if ever the same.e. !hey cannot be the same.

1+. What are the three classes of factors that influence perception?a. factors in the setting, factors in the environment, and factors in the motivesb. factors in the perceiver, factors in the target, and factors in the situationc. factors in the character, factors in knowledge, and factors in e/perienced. factors in the personality, factors in the character, and factors in the valuese. factors in the senses, factors in the surroundings, and factors in the lighting

11. !wo people see the same thing at the same time yet interpret it differently. Where do the

factors that operate to shape their dissimilar perceptions reside?a. the perceiversb. the targetc. the timingd. the conte/te. the situation

1#. When individuals observe another person4s behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or e/ternally caused. !his phenomenon is most directly relevant to which of the following?a. the 7ygmalion effectb. pro ection theoryc. attribution theory

d. selective perception theorye. e/pectancy theory

1&. 8hortcuts in udging others include all of the following e/cept 00000.a. stereotypingb. halo effectc. pro ectiond. self serving biase. the 7ygmalion effect


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1(.


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b. )on4t hire an older workerJ they can4t learn new skills.c. 8he was good at her last ob, so she will be good at this one.d. 8he won4t relocate for a promotion, since women don4t relocate.e. !he new hire will be emotionally insensitive, since he is a man.


1. "nalyse the ma or causes or determinants of an organisation4s structure.

#. %/plain the organi'ational component of work speciali'ation. )iscuss its advantages anddrawbacks.

&. )iscuss the factors that operate to shape and sometimes distort perception. 7roviderelevant e/amples to support your answer.

(. )iscuss four shortcuts used in udging others. 8upport your answer with e/amples of your own.

*. )iscuss some of the errors in perceptual udgment made by interviewers in obinterviews.


Tutorial & # 7 (WEEK $)' Attri%ution " Learning

Fou are on a team with two individuals who are =difficult.> !he work has been divided among thethree of you, and each time your team meets, Ianet and Iim disagree about the progress of theteam pro ect. Ianet is convinced that Iim4s lack of progress is because he is inherently la'y and

not because of some overwhelming problem with the pro ect itself. !he truth seems to be thatIanet is not doing her part of the work.

1. What might you use to try to understand Ianet and Iim4s behavior?a. perception theoryb. attribution theoryc. decision making theoryd. satisficing theorye. 8urber4s theory

#. What error or bias does Ianet seem to be making?a. selective perceptionb. an e/ternal bias

c. the fundamental attribution error d. self serving biase. the ultimate attribution error

&. What term is used for the tendency of an individual to attribute his own successes tointernal factors while putting the blame for failures on e/ternal factors?a. fundamental attribution error b. self serving biasc. consistencyd. selective perception


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e. stereotyping

(. Whenever Iane is successful she takes full credit for what has happened, but whenever she is unsuccessful she attributes her failure to bad luck or blames one of her fellowemployees. 8he is guilty of 00000.a. fundamental attribution error b. attribution biasc. the halo effectd. distinctivenesse. self serving bias

*. What sort of actions is most likely to be attributed to e/ternal causes?a. actions that have high distinctiveness, high consensus, and high consistencyb. actions that have high distinctiveness, high consensus, and low consistencyc. actions that have high distinctiveness, low consensus, and low consistencyd. actions that have low distinctiveness, low consistency, and high consensuse. actions that have low distinctiveness, low consensus, and low consistency

. Ianice is late for work each day by about ten minutes. 6ow would attribution theorydescribe this behavior?a. $t shows consensus.b. $t shows similarity.c. $t shows reliability.d. $t shows consistency.e. $t shows distinctiveness.

-. Which of the following is not a biographical characteristic?a. political affiliationb. agec. se/d. tenuree. race

2. What will be the largest demographic change in the K.8. workforce in the ne/t decade?a. increasing ethnic diversityb. a fall in married workersc. increasing age of workersd. decreasing tenure of workerse. more women in the workforce than men

5. ;esearch shows that which of the following is likely to decrease as a worker grows older?a. productivityb. likelihood of quittingc. absenteeismd. vacation days taken

e. work ethic1+. Which of the following indicates that learning has taken place?

a. the ability to perform well on e/amsb. a change in motivationc. a change in behavior d. a high $.G. scoree. an increase in e/perience

11. 3earning has not taken place in which of the following cases?


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a. " farm worker makes sure that she always wears a hat after she was badlysunburned.b. " salesman watches a training video and then uses some of the techniques in thatvideo.c. "n athlete trains rigorously, until he can run a mile in less than ( minutes.d. " warehouseman avoids working by staying in areas of the warehouse where he has

observed that the foreman does not enter.e. " manager only completes an important pro ect by working through the night.

1#. %/periments performed by $van 7avlov led to what theory?a. classical conditioningb. operant conditioningc. social learningd. method reproductione. behavior shaping

1&. What role did the meat play in 7avlov4s e/periment with dogs?a. an unconditioned responseb. a conditioned stimulusc. a conditioned responsed. a reconditioned stimuluse. an unconditioned stimulus

1(. Four boss does not follow through on her promise to pay you double for overtime hoursworked. When asked again to work overtime, you decline. !his is an application of 00000 conditioning.a. classicalb. operantc. sensoryd. associatione. disappointment weighted

1*. "ccording to operant conditioning, when a behavior is not reinforced, what happens to

the probability of that behavior occurring again?a. $t increases.b. $t declines.c. $t remains unchanged.d. $t becomes 'ero.e. $t may increase or decrease based on other factors.

1 . 8ocial learning theory is an e/tension of 00000.a. classical conditioningb. operant conditioningc. shapingd. 7avlovian theorye. continuous reinforcement principles

1-. $sadora observes that when her brother Mikey crosses the street without looking he ispunished by their parents.


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12. Ksing shaping, which of the following is not a method that can be used to changebehavior?a. negative reinforcementb. punishmentc. counselingd. positive reinforcemente. e/tinction

15. Which of the following can be used in shaping behavior?a. positive reinforcementb. diminishmentc. reactiond. manipulatione. unioni'ation

#+. What is it called when a desired response is followed by the termination or withdrawal of something unpleasant?a. negative reinforcementb. positive reinforcementc. manipulationd. eliminatione. psychic withdrawal

#1. 8uspending an employee for dishonest behavior is an e/ample of which method of shaping behavior?a. e/tinctionb. negative reinforcementc. punishmentd. poor planninge. reaction

##. Who said =@ive me a child at birth and $ can make him into anything you want>?a.


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introduced by a competitor.

-. !he self serving bias suggests that feedback provided to employees in performancereviews is very likely to be distorted by recipients.

2. !he meat in 7avlov4s e/periment was an unconditioned stimulus.5. !o e/plain why 9hristmas carols often bring back pleasant memories of childhood, you

would use operant conditioning.

1+. 9lassical conditioning is passive.

11. What 7avlov did for operant conditioning, 8kinner did for classical conditioning.

1#. ;ewards are most effective if they are delayed following the desired response.


1. 9ontrast the fundamental attribution error and the self serving bias.

#. %/plain the factors that influence our attempts to determine whether an individual4sbehaviour is internally or e/ternally caused. $llustrate your answer with relevante/amples.

&. 6ow do we learn? $dentify and discuss the !6;%% main theories to e/plain the processby which we acquire patterns of behavior.

&. %/plain how managers can shape employee behavior?

ABDM2073 O A* +AT O*A, BE A. O/

Tutoria& ' " ( )*EE+ , . Learning and De e&o$ing 0o% s1i&&s

1. Which of the following statements is true about the term =ability>, as it is used in the fieldof organi'ational behavior?a. $t refers to an individual4s willingness to perform various tasksb. $t is a current assessment of what an individual can doc. $t refers e/clusively to intellectual skillsd. $t refers e/clusively to physical skillse. $t is a prediction of future aptitude based on current attitudes

#. Which of the following is not a dimension of intellectual ability?a. number aptitudeb. perceptual speedc. spatial visuali'ationd. dynamic fle/ibilitye. social aptitude

&. ;esearch has found that tests that measure specific dimensions of intelligence are strongpredictors of which of the following?a. ob satisfactionb. turnover c. ob performanced. ability to work with others


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e. absenteeism

(. ;ecent evidence suggests that intelligence can be better understood by breaking it downinto four sub parts. Which one of the following is not one of those sub parts?a. cognitiveb. socialc. emotionald. culturale. physical

*. "lthough he scores well on traditional intelligence tests, Iames does not perform well inthe workplace due to an inability to relate effectively with his colleagues. Iames wouldlikely score below the median on a test that measures what subpart of intelligence?a. 9ognitiveb. 8ocialc. %motionald. 9ulturale. 8piritual

. Which of the following is not a biographical characteristic?a. political affiliationb. agec. se/d. tenuree. race

-. ;esearch shows that which of the following is likely to decrease as a worker grows older?a. productivityb. likelihood of quittingc. absenteeismd. vacation days takene. work ethic

2. Which of the following statements is true?a. Older employees have lower rates of avoidable absence than younger workers.b. Older employees have lower rates of unavoidable absence than younger workers.c. Older employees are more likely to quit their ob than younger workers.d. Older employees are perceived to be more fle/ible than younger workers.e. Older employees generally have lower productivity than younger workers.

5. Which of the following is true concerning the relationship between age and obsatisfaction?a. Most studies have found a negative association between age and satisfaction.b. 8ome studies have found a K shaped relationship between age and satisfaction.c. 8atisfaction decreases among professionals as they age.d. 8atisfaction increases among nonprofessionals during middle age.

e. 8atisfaction decreases among nonprofessionals after middle age.1+. Which of the following indicates that learning has taken place?

a. !he ability to perform well on e/amsb. " change in motivationc. " change in behavior d. " high $.G. scoree. "n increase in e/perience

11. 3earning has not taken place in which of the following cases?


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a. " farm worker makes sure that she always wears a hat after she was badlysunburned,.b. " salesman watches a training video and then uses some of the techniques in thatvideo.c. "n athlete trains rigorously, until he can run a mile in less than ( minutes.d. " warehouseman avoids working by staying in areas of the warehouse where he has

observed that the foreman does not enter.e. " manager only completes an important pro ect by working through the night.

1#. Which of the following is the most likely e/planation for the higher absentee rate of women in the workplace?a. Women tend to have more illnesses that keep them from work than do men.b. !raditionally, women have had the responsibility of caring for home and family.c. Women tend to be less satisfied with their obs than men.d. Women generally have obs for which a temporary replacement can be hired.e. Women tend to work in obs that have less fle/ible schedules than men do.

1&. Which of the following statements concerning tenure is not true?a. ;ecent evidence demonstrates a positive relationship between seniority and ob

productivity.b. !enure does not appear to be a good predictor of employee productivity.c. !enure is a potent variable in e/plaining turnover.d. !enure and satisfaction are positively related.e. !enure and organi'ational investment are negatively related.

1(. %/periments performed by 7avlov led to what theory?a. classical conditioningb. operant conditioningc. social learningd. method reproductione. behavior shaping

1*. When Ioe gets stressed he often drinks chamomile tea. !his calms him since he

associates chamomile tea drinking with happy visits with his grandmother in hischildhood. !he calm feeling brought on by the tea is an e/ample of which of thefollowing?a. classical conditioningb. operant conditioningc. sensory learningd. social learninge. shaping

1 . Operant conditioning argues that 00000.a. behavior is refle/iveb. behavior is unlearnedc. behavior is a function of its consequences

d. the tendency to repeat a behavior is very stronge. the tendency to repeat a behavior is instinctual

1-. Which of the following researchers thought that reinforcement was the central factor involved in behavioral change?a. 7avlovb. :ayolc. 8kinner d. )eminge. 8urber


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12. Four boss does not follow through on her promise to pay you double for overtime hoursworked. When asked again to work overtime, you decline. !his is an application of 00000 conditioning.a. classicalb. operantc. sensoryd. associatione. disappointment weighted

15. "ccording to operant conditioning, when a behavior is not reinforced, what happens to

the probability of that behavior occurring again?a. it increasesb. it declinesc. it remains unchangedd. it becomes 'eroe. it may increase or decrease based on other factors

#+. 8ocial learning theory is an e/tension of 00000.a. classical conditioningb. operant conditioningc. shapingd. 7avlovian theorye. continuous reinforcement principles

#1. Which of the following is an e/ample of the use of e/tinction in shaping behavior?a. " teacher does not respond to any student who speaks before being called upon.b. " workplace institutes a 'ero tolerance policy for drug and alcohol use.c. " manager docks the pay of all workers who arrive late.d. " cat owner sprays his cat with water every time it tries to sit on the couch.e. " soccer coach rewards his players with praise and small rewards if they prevent the

other team from scoring.

##. " manager in a workshop that reconditions used air conditioners finds that employees areavoiding cleaning the air conditioners properly, since this is a dirty and difficult task. !hemanager decides to alter this behavior by docking the pay of employees who do notclean the air conditioners properly. Which of the following is not a probable outcome of attempting to change the behavior by using punishment rather than by using positivereinforcement?a. !he employees will probably stop cleaning the air conditioners properly soon after

they are not punished for it.b. 7ositively reinforcing the correct behavior will eliminate the undesired behavior more

quickly thannegative reinforcement

c. !he punished employees will have lowered morale.

d. !he punished employees will resent their manager.e. !he punished employees will start to clean the air conditioners properly.

#&. What do we call the practice of reinforcing closer and closer appro/imations of a desiredbehavior ?a. modelingb. shapingc. classical conditioningd. social learninge. aping


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#(. Fou want to increase the productivity of an employee. Four goal is to have him produce1+ units per day. On the first day he produces * units and you give him a reward. On thesecond day he produces * units and you don4t give him a reward. On the third day heproduces units and you give him a reward. Which method of behavioral change are youusing?a. modelingb. shapingc. classical conditioningd. social learninge. ego impairment

#*. !he application of reinforcement concepts to individuals in the work setting is referred toas 00000.a. classical conditioningb. self managementc. reengineeringd. O< Mode. social modeling

# . Which of the following is one of the steps of the problem solving model followed by thetypical O< Mod program?a. identifying critical behaviorsb. reinforcing behavior c. developing hori'ontally arrayed datad. developing vertically arrayed datae. identifying member barriers

TRUE/FALSE SECTION

1. %veryone has strengths and weaknesses in terms of ability that make them relativelysuperior or inferior to others in performing certain tasks or activities.

#. "bility is the assessment of what one will do.

&. "n individual4s overall abilities are essentially made up of three sets of factors thinking,reasoning, and problem solving.

(. !ests that measure specific dimensions of intelligence have been found to be strongpredictors of future ob performance.

*. Mental ability tests used for selection, promotion, training, and similar personneldecisions may have a negative impact on racial and ethnic groups.

. 8tamina, de/terity, and strength are dimensions of physical ability.

-. %motional intelligence is the ability to identify, understand, and manage affect.

2. !he relationship between age and ob performance is likely to be an issue of increasingimportance during the ne/t decade.

5. $n general, woman and men desire the same work schedules.

1+. $n 7avlov4s study, dogs salivated in response to a ringing bell.

11. 3earning has occurred when there is a relatively permanent change in behavior thatoccurs as a result of e/perience.


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1#. !he first step in O< Mod is to identify critical behaviors impacting the employee4sperformance.

SCENARIO-BASED QUESTIONS

"pplication of "bility

Fou are the new human resources manager for a design and manufacturing firm. Overall, obperformance is adequate, but the company has e/perienced high rates of turnover. " highpercentage of employees have quit and taken other obs. $n the e/it interviews, you find the mostcommon complaint is that they are frustrated in their obs.

1. !his scenario gives rise to the suspicion that there are problems in this firm with 00000.a. ability ob fitb. negative reinforcementc. adequate reinforcementd. disciplinary measurese. training

#. "fter looking into the situation more, you find that the highest turnover is in the circuitboard manufacturing area. !he employees in this area are required to have at least a twoyear college degree. While there are many different obs in this area, the ma ority involveloading automatic machines with parts to be placed on the circuit boards. Which of thefollowing is most likely to be true about the employees in this area?

a. !hey need better manual de/terity skillsb. !hey are over qualified, dissatisfied, and paid more than necessaryc. !hey are underpaid and resentfuld. !hey are incompetente. !hey are under qualified

"pplication of 3earning !heoryL8haping


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#. What is a likely e/planation of why people with high cognitive intelligence do notnecessarily work well with others or succeed when placed in leadership roles?

&. $dentify and e/plain with e/amples, the key concepts in 8ocial 3earning !heory.

ABD23456 OR7ANISATIONAL BEHA8IOUR

Tutoria& *ee1 94 " 99 )*EE+ : . *or1 7rou$ " Tea;s

1. Which one of the following characteristics is not necessarily true about groups?a. @roup members are interdependent.b. @roups have two or more members.c. @roups have assigned goals.d. @roups interact.e. @roups have shared fates.

#. What sort of groups are defined by the organi'ation4s structure?a. informalb. taskc. friendshipd. intereste. formal

&. Iulia,


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a. bondingb. normingc. performingd. initiatinge. forming

2. $n the second stage of group development 00000.a. close relationships are developedb. the group demonstrates cohesivenessc. intragroup conflict often occursd. the ob task is performede. groups disband

5. "fter which stage of a group4s development is there a relatively clear hierarchy of leadership within the group?a. normingb. stormingc. developmentd. evolutione. forming

1+. "fter which stage of a group4s development has the group formed a common set of e/pectations of member behaviors?a. normingb. stormingc. maturationd. developmente. forming

11. When the group energy is focused on the task at hand, the group has moved to the 00000 stage.a. stormingb. norming

c. productiond. maturatione. performing

1#. ;oles, norms, status, and cohesiveness are e/amples of 00000.a. structural variablesb. team mechanismsc. static factorsd. team factorse. group properties

1&. When Iudith became a doctor she modeled her manner on her observations of moree/perienced doctors, and also on the behavior of doctors in medical dramas she had

en oyed watching as a child on ! . What is Iudith modeling her manner upon?a. the role behaviors of doctorsb. her role perception of doctorsc. the role identity of doctorsd. her role e/pectation of doctorse. the core role actions of doctors

1(. Which of the following is true of role identity?a. ;ole perception creates the attitudes and actual behaviors consistent with a role.b. 7eople have the ability to shift roles rapidly when the situation requires change.


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c. !here is considerable inertia in role identity after roles are changed.d. %veryone is required to play one specific role in every situation.e. Ho two people ever agree on what constitutes a role.

1*. Most people assume that a police officer should behave in a lawful manner, and not showany favoritism to any particular group, and do their best to uphold the law. What term isused for this kind of belief?a. a normb. a norm identityc. a role e/pectationd. a role perceptione. a norm violation

1 . What term is used for the mutual e/pectations of what management e/pects fromworkers, and what workers e/pect from management?a. group normb. role e/pectationc. role identityd. psychological contracte. reactive goals

1-. Nach is devout and very active in his church. 6e is also a very dedicated employee. 6ismanager offers him a promotion but the new role will require him to work 8undays. Nachwould like the promotion, but reali'es that it would force him to miss some churchactivities. $t is likely that Nach is e/periencing which of the following?a. role conflictb. role e/pectationc. role perceptiond. psychological conflicte. cognitive reactance

12. Which of the following is not a finding of %lton Mayo4s 6awthorne studies?a. a worker4s behavior and sentiments are closely related

b. group standards are highly effective in establishing individual worker outputc. money was less a factor in determining worker output than were group standards,sentiments, and securityd. competition between groups will ma/imi'e group outpute. group influences are significant in affecting individual behavior

15. What term is used for acceptable standards of behavior that are shared by a group4smembers?a. normsb. rulesc. standardsd. codes of behavior e. e/plicit contracts

#+. What term is used for the process by which an individual4s desire for acceptance by thegroup and the pressure by the group on individual members to match its standardsresults in a change in individual attitudes and behaviors?a. conformityb. coercionc. commitmentd. convergencee. confluence


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#1. What term is used for antisocial actions by organi'ational members who voluntarilyviolate established norms and that result in negative consequences for the organi'ation,its members, or both?a. ethical dilemmasb. deviant workplace behavior c. abnormal behavior d. discommitment behavior e. reactive affirmation behavior

##. What term is used for the socially defined position or rank given to groups or groupmembers by others?a. regencyb. authorityc. statusd. commande. magnus

#&. Which of the following statements about status is not true?a. 8tatus is an important motivator b. possession of personal characteristics that are positively valued by the group will give

a member higher status.c. 3ow status members are given more freedom to deviate from norms than are other

members.d. 6igh status members are better able to resist conformity pressures than lower status

members.e. 9onformity is affected by status.

#(. What term is used for the tendency for individuals to spend less effort when workingcollectively?a. groupthinkb. the rule of diminishing returnsc. social loafingd. groupshift

e. clustering

#*. Which of the following is an effective means of countering social loafing?a. increase the rewards the group is given if it succeedsb. increase the amount by which the group4s progress is monitoredc. provide means by which individual efforts can be identifiedd. increase the si'e of the groupe. increase the group4s workload

# . What term is used for the degree to which group members are attracted to one another and are motivated to stay in the group?a. cohesivenessb. integration

c. sociabilityd. reliabilitye. interdependence

#-. Which of the following is not likely to increase group cohesiveness?a. a high level of group productivityb. members spending a lot of time together c. the e/istence of e/ternal threatsd. the group is physically isolatede. bonding opportunities e/ist between members


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#2. !eams typically outperform individuals when the tasks being completed 00000.a. require multiple skillsb. require udgmentc. require e/perienced. all of the abovee. none of the above

#5. Which of the following helps e/plain the current popularity of teams? !eams 00000.a. are easier to manageb. are a way to better utili'e employee talentsc. are less e/pensived. promote sociali'atione. are very efficient

&+. !eams generally have aCnD 00000 impact on employee motivation.a. inconsistentb. unknownc. positived. discouraginge. neutral

&1. Which of the following types of teams would most likely empower its team members tomake work related decisions?a. technicalb. self managedc. problem solvingd. managemente. reactive

. 00000 teams are made up of employees from about the same hierarchical level.a. 7roblem solvingb. 8elf managedc. 9ross functionald. Multifacetede. 8tar matri/

&&. 00000teams are an effective way to allow people from diverse areas within anorgani'ation to e/change information, develop new ideas and solve problems, andcoordinate comple/ pro ects.a. 8elf managedb. 7roblem solvingc. 9ross functionald. Multifacetede. 8tar matri/

&(. !he early stages of development of a cross functional team are time consuming because 00000.a. most cross functional team members are comprised of individuals from similar backgroundsb. members must research the causes of problems which they are assigned to solvec. most cross functional team members have already established trustd. members have to learn how to perform new functional taskse. members must learn to work with diversity and comple/ity


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&*. Which of the following types of teams allows for collaboration between team memberswho are physically dispersed?a. 3ocalb. $nteractivec. ;eal timed. irtuale. @lobal

& . !here are four conte/tual factors that appear to be most significantly related to teamperformance. Which of the following is not one of those factors?a. adequate resourcesb. work autonomyc. effective leadershipd. a performance evaluation and reward system that reflects team contributionse. all of the above are conte/tual factors

&-. Which of the following statements best characteri'es the use of work teams?a. !eams are unnecessary if an individual can do the ob better.b. !eams are necessary for encouraging individuals to work independently.c. Within a company, teams perform best if they are structured similarly.d. %mployees are usually responsible for suggesting that teams be created.e. $n successful companies, teamwork is always preferable to individual work.

&2. $n addition to evaluating and rewarding employees for their individual contributions,management should consider using which of the following to reinforce team effort andcommitment?a. personali'ed incentivesb. consistent wages for all team membersc. individual performance evaluationsd. fi/ed hourly wagese. profit sharing

&5. %ffective teams require which of the following skills?a. problem solving skillsb. technical e/pertisec. interpersonal skillsd. all of the abovee. none of the above

(+. On her work team, Michelle develops detailed tasks lists and work flow charts to help her team members understand the steps involved in each pro ect. 8he also maintains thepro ect calendar and receives periodic updates from each team member to ensure thatpro ects are progressing on schedule. Which role does Michelle most likely fill on her team?a. assessor b. organi'er c. maintainer d. creator e. promoter

(1. 8haron has an assertive personality and naturally tends to stand up for her team inconflicts with other teams or departments. 8he is a strong defender and is fiercely loyal tothe other members on her team. 8haron is most likely suited for which of the followingteam roles?a. controller


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b. producer c. maintainer d. assessor e. advocate

(#. Which of the following is most likely to increase team efficacy?a. 7roviding measurable goals.b. 6elping the team achieve small successes.c. 3imiting time spent in training.d. %nsuring that team goals are challenging.e. ;educing the number of members on a team.

(&. Which type of conflict is almost always dysfunctional?a. task conflictb. efficacy conflictc. relationship conflictd. resource conflicte. social conflict

((. Which of the following strategies would managers find least helpful for turning individualsinto team players?a. selecting appropriate candidatesb. setting goalsc. providing trainingd. rewarding cooperative effortse. encouraging mentorship

TRUE/FALSE SECTION

1. " group must have at least two members and one or more ob ectives.

#. Members in a group are interdependent.

&. Most conflicts are resolved by the completion of the first stage in a group4s development.

(. Work groups have a structure that shapes the behavior of members and makes itpossible to e/plain and predict a large portion of individual behavior within the group aswell as the performance of the group itself.

*. $f group acceptance were not important to you, the need to conform to the group4s normswould decrease.

. !eams typically outperform individuals when the tasks being completed require rapiddecision making.

-. Work teams produce final results that e/ceed the sum of individual team member inputs.

2. !he e/tensive use of teams creates the potential for an organi'ation to generate greater outputs with no increase in inputs.

5. !he four most common forms of teams are problem solving, self managed, crossfunctional, and global.

1+. 9ross functional teams are made up of employees from about the same hierarchicallevel, but from different work areas, who come together to accomplish a task.


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DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1. 3ist and briefly describe the stages in the five stage model of group development.

#. 6ow does group si'e affect a group4s behavior?

&. )ifferentiate the terms role identity, role perception, and role e/pectation.

(. )iscuss the difference between a work group and a work team.

*. What is a virtual team?

ABD23456 OR7ANISATIONAL BEHA8IOUR

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c. tactics for gaining complianced. the administration of rewardse. the effective use of threats

-. !he two general groupings of power are 00000.a. informational and personalb. formal and informalc. informal and legitimated. personal and formale. static and fluid

2. 00000 power is based on an individual4s position in an organi'ation.a. 3eadershipb. :ormalc. $nformald. $nfluentiale. 8tatic

5. One reacts to 00000 power out of fear of the negative ramifications that might result if one fails to comply.

a. legitimateb. coercivec. punitived. referente. abusive

1+. When a bank robber points a gun at a bank employee, his base of power is 00000.a. coerciveb. punitivec. positionald. authoritativee. fractional

11. !he power that the 9ollege )ean has been granted by the Kniversity over the faculty istermed 00000 power.a. academicb. positionalc. legitimated. organi'ational

e. balanced

1#. When your superior offers you a raise if you will perform additional work beyond therequirements of your ob, heBshe is e/ercising 00000 power.a. legitimateb. coercivec. rewardd. personale. reflective

1&. Which of the following types of power requires acceptance of the leader4s authority bymembers of the organi'ation?a. 7ersonalb. Organi'ationalc. 3egitimate


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d. 7ositionale.


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#1. Which of the following tactics involves involving an individual in the decision makingprocess?a. ingratiationb. e/changec. pressured. inspirational appealse. consultation

##. Which one of the following is true about coalition formation? 9oalitions 00000.a. seek to minimi'e their si'eb. usually precede uses of individual power c. are more likely to form where tasks are non routined. are more likely to be created where there is interdependencee. are more likely to form across cultures

#&. Knwelcome advances, requests for se/ual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a se/ual nature that affects an individual4s employment are 00000.a. only perpetrated by male employeesb. most likely to occur in front of witnessesc. defined as se/ual harassmentd. usually one time occurrencese. usually unrelated to an employee4s morale

#(. "n individual could be sub ected to se/ual harassment perpetrated by 0000.a. a coworker b. a supervisor c. a subordinated. all of the abovee. none of the above

#*. 000000 is the term used to refer to establishing effective relationships with key peopleinside andBor outside an organi'ation.

a. Hetworkingb. 3egitimate political behavior c. 7olitickingd. $nterest group formatione. 3obbying

# . ;eactive and protective behaviors designed to avoid action, blame, or change are termed 00000.a. political behaviorsb. defensive behaviorsc. protectionismd. impression managemente. shielding bias

#-. !he process by which individuals attempt to control the perceptions that others form of them is called 00000.a. impression managementb. information managementc. defensive behavior d. perception managemente. reflection control


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TRUE/FALSE SECTION

1. 7ower is an action, not a potential.

#. 7ower is a function of dependency.

&. " bully4s power can be understood as coercive power.

(. $f " can assign < work activities that < finds unpleasant, or treat < in a manner that people and is constantly complimenting others about their good work.

1. Ierrod is attempting to usea. politics.b. impression management.c. defensive behavior.d. his power base.e. interdependence.

#. Ierrod is engaging in which of the following impression management techniques?a. mirroringb. acclaiming

c. grovelingd. conformitye. apologi'ing

&. Ierrod is engaging in all of the following impression management techniques e/cepta. conformity.b. flattery.c. mirroring.d. association.e. Ierrod is engaged in all of the above impression management techniques.

(. Which of the following is most likely to help Ierrod earn higher performance evaluations?a. apologies

b. ingratiationc. e/cusesd. buffinge. self promotion

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1. 9ontrast leadership and power.

#. What are defensive behaviors?


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&. %/plain impression management and give an e/ample of its use in the workplace.

(. 3ist and discuss the bases of formal power.

tutorial ob students em 3

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