turfgrass weed control - mp521 - uaex.edu to turfgrass weed control ere are many different...
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MP521
Turfgrass Weed Control
DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE R E S E A R C H & E X T E N S I O N
University of Arkansas System
University of Arkansas, United States Department of Agriculture,and County Governments Cooperating
Contents Introduction to Turfgrass Weed Control .............. 3 American Burnweed ............................................. 4 Annual Bluegrass .................................................. 4 Annual Sedge........................................................ 4 Bahiagrass ............................................................. 5 Bermudagrass – Preplant Control ......................... 5 Bermudagrass – Selective Suppression.................. 5 Carolina Geranium ............................................... 6 Carpetweed ........................................................... 6 Cat’s Ear Dandelion ............................................. 6 Chickweed, Common ........................................... 7 Chickweed, Sticky ................................................ 7 Corn Speedwell .................................................... 7 Crabgrass .............................................................. 8 Cudweed ............................................................... 8 Dallisgrass............................................................. 8 Dandelion ............................................................. 9 Dichondra............................................................. 9 Doveweed ............................................................. 9 Facelis ................................................................... 10 Field Madder ........................................................ 10 Goosegrass ............................................................ 10Ground Ivy ........................................................... 11
Hairy Bittercress ................................................... 11Henbit .................................................................. 11 Kyllinga................................................................. 12Large Hop Clover................................................. 12Lawn Burweed or Spurweed ................................ 12Lespedeza, Common ............................................ 13Lyreleaf Sage......................................................... 13Moss ..................................................................... 13 Nutsedge, Purple................................................... 14Nutsedge, Yellow................................................... 14Plantain, Broadleaf................................................ 14 Plantain, Buckhorn ............................................... 15 Prostrate Knotweed .............................................. 15 Purple Deadnettle ................................................. 15Sedge Control for Homeowners ........................... 16Shepherd’s Purse ................................................... 16 Spotted Burclover ................................................. 16Spring Beauty ....................................................... 17Spurge................................................................... 17Violet .................................................................... 17 Virginia Buttonweed............................................. 18White Clover ........................................................ 18 Wild Garlic, Wild Onion ..................................... 18
DR. JOHN BOYD is visiting assistant professor with the University of Arkansas Division ofAgriculture, Little Rock.
Introduction to Turfgrass Weed Control ere are many different herbicides and combinations that will successfully control the weedsmentioned here. For the sake of brevity, I have not attempted to mention all of them. PurdueUniversity Extension has a publication, Turfgrass Weed Control for Professionals, that is very co mprehensive. I recommend it if you wish to dig deeper.
e toughest lawn weeds in Arkansas are dallisgrass, purple nutsedge, Virginia buttonweed andbermudagrass. Most of the other common lawn weeds can be eliminated with a moderate effort,but the four listed above are difficult to eradicate.
No amount of herbicide application will overcome management or environmental deficiencies.Grass needs to be healthy and vigorous to compete with weeds. Common problems include toomuch shade, improper mowing, watering and fertilization. e reverse is also true. It is usuallyimpossible to achieve complete weed control through cultural practices alone.
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American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius) Simazine, Specticle and FreeHand providepreemergence control of burnweed. Celsius,Confront, Tribute Total and Blindside (metsulfuron + sulfentrazone) provide excellentpostemergence control.
Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) It is difficult to achieve complete control of annualbluegrass with a single pre or postherbicide application. Preemergence and postemergence treatmentmay be needed. To achieve preemergence controlwith herbicides such as Specticle (indaziflam),Barricade (prodiamine), Pendulum (pendimethalin)and Dimension (dithiopyr), apply on August 15and water in immediately. Specticle can be appliedlater because it has postemergence activity onsmall annual bluegrass. In bermudagrass, one ofthe cheapest and easiest ways to control Poa annua is to use glyphosate while bermudagrass iscompletely dormant. Revolver (foramsulfuron),TranXit (rimsulfuron) and Monument (trifloxysulfuron) will provide postemergence Poa annua control without damaging partially green bermudagrass or zoysiagrass. Simazine and atrazine areeffective preemergence and postemergence onannual bluegrass that has not tillered.
Annual Sedge (Cyperus compressus) Monument (trifloxysulfuron), Certainty(sulfosulfuron) and Dismiss South (sulfentrazone +imazethapyr) provide excellent annual sedgecontrol. See Sedge Control for Homeowners.
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Bahiagrass(Paspalum notatum) Metsulfuron (Manor, Blade or Mansion) is a goodchoice for bahiagrass control in bermudagrass.Make two applications of metsulfuron 60 DF at1 ounce of product per acre three to four weeksapart. Do not use over the root zone of desirabletrees and ornamentals. Add 0.25% nonionic surfactant. In centipedegrass, Segment (sethoxydim)may be used to control bahiagrass.
Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Preplant Control Make three or four applications of 41% aiglyphosate or higher at 2 to 3 quarts per acre overthe growing season (May, July and September).Wait for regrowth before making the next application. Using this method does not guaranteecomplete control. Tank mixing with 24 fluidounces per acre of Fusilade II may improvecontrol. Do not seed for 30 days after applyingFusilade II.
Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Selective Suppression In zoysiagrass or tall fescue, use Fusilade II (fluazifop) at 6 fluid ounces per acre plus TurflonEster at 32 fluid ounces per acre to suppressbermudagrass. Begin around June 1 and repeatevery four weeks unless the zoysiagrass hasnot recovered from the first application. (Photo: Bermudagrass in zoysiagrass.)In centipedegrass, Segment (sethoxydim) may beused at 24 fluid ounces per acre to suppressbermudagrass, bahiagrass and other weedygrasses. Do not apply Segment sooner than threeweeks after greenup and more than twice perseason. Do not tank mix sethoxydim with otherpesticides or fertilizers.
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Carolina Geranium (Geranium carolinianum) Effective control requires a tank mix of apostemergence herbicide with simazine oratrazine. Typical mixes are a threeway plussimazine or atrazine or Manor or Blade plussimazine or atrazine. Apply early (betweenDecember and March 1) before the weeds get big.
Carpetweed(Mollugo verticillata) Monument (trifloxysulfuron) will controlcarpetweed. Atrazine or simazine applied preemergence or early postemergence are also effective.Turflon Ester (triclopyr) will provide fair to goodcontrol of this weed. Threeways, unless theycontain triclopyr, are generally ineffective.
Cat ’s Ear Dandelion (Hypochaeris radicata) Cat’s ear dandelion may be effectively controlledin the fall or spring with two, three and fourwaybroadleaf herbicides, as well as with metsulfuron.
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Chickweed, Common (Stellaria media) Effective chickweed control requires a tank mix ofa postemergence herbicide with simazine oratrazine. Typical mixes are a threeway plussimazine or atrazine or Manor or Blade plussimazine or atrazine. Apply early (betweenDecember and March 1) before the weeds get big.
Chickweed, Sticky (Cerastium glomeratum) Effective chickweed control requires a tank mix ofa postemergence herbicide with simazine oratrazine. Typical mixes are a threeway plussimazine or atrazine or Manor, Mansion or Blade plus simazine or atrazine. Apply early (betweenDecember and March 1) before the weeds get big.
Corn Speedwell( Veronica arvensis) Threeways alone do not control corn speedwell.Effective control requires a tank mix of a post emergence herbicide with simazine or atrazine.Typical mixes are a threeway plus simazine oratrazine or Manor, Mansion or Blade plussimazine or atrazine. Apply early (betweenDecember and March 1) before the weeds get big.
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Crabgrass (Digitaria spp.)For preemergence control, apply Specticle (indaziflam), Barricade (prodiamine), Pendulum(pendimethalin) and Dimension (dithiopyr) aroundMarch 1 or before crabgrass begins to germinate.Scotts Halts (pendimethalin) is a good preemergence choice for homeowners. For postemergence control, apply quinclorac (Quinclorac 75 DF,Drive, Drive XLR8) to tolerant turfgrasses whencrabgrass is less than two tillers or mature. Repeatapplication in seven days. Use methylated seed oilfor a surfactant. Other postemergence possibilitiesinclude Tenacity (mesotrione) or Segment(sethoxydim) in centipedegrass. MSMA can beused for crabgrass control but is not labeled foruse on residential turf. Postemergence homeowner products that contain quinclorac includeOrtho® WeedBGon Weed Killer for Lawns Plus Crabgrass Control Concentrate, BayerAdvanced AllInOne Lawn Weed & CrabgrassKiller and Fertilome Weed Out with Q.
Cudweed (Gnaphalium spp.) Cudweed species are biennial plants but arerelatively easy to control. Two, three andfourway broadleaf herbicides control postemergence as do repeat applications of metsulfuron(Manor, Mansion, Blade, etc.). Apply in thespring while in rosette stage and before seedstalk formation.
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Dallisgrass(Paspalum dilatatum) One option is to dig out the clumps with a shovel.Spot treatment with MSMA is legal on sod farmsand golf courses. Repeat applications of TributeTotal (foramsulfuron + halosulfuron + thiencarbazone) in late summer and early fall willsuppress dallisgrass in residential lawns. Use Tribute Total only in bermudagrass. Another approach is spot treatment with glyphosate.Obviously, this is going to kill some of the desirable grass and leave brown spots in the turf. Twoapplications of glyphosate are needed. Apply thefirst after active growth begins in May, and sprayagain when regrowth appears. This will take mostof the summer. Keep the glyphosate spray offnontarget plants.
Dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale) The common threeway herbicides (2,4D +dicamba + MCPP) control dandelion. Metsulfuron and quinclorac also control dandelion.
Dichondra (Dichondra spp.) The common threeway herbicides (2,4D +dicamba + MCPP) control dichondra. Two applications about 30 days apart will be needed. Tankmixing metsulfuron with a threeway herbicideoften improves control.
Doveweed (Murdannia nudiflora) Products containing atrazine or simazine,Revolver or metsulfuron applied twice 30 daysapart provide partial control. Tank mixes ofMSMA with Sencor or multiple applications oftwo or threeway broadleaf herbicide mixturesalso provide good control but also can causeinjury to some turfgrass species. Tank mixingQuicksilver or Dismiss with these productsincreases and hastens their activity. Repeat applications of all herbicides or combinations will be needed for complete control.
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Facelis (Facelis retusa) Effective control requires a tank mix of apostemergence broadleaf herbicide with simazineor atrazine. Typical mixes are a threeway plussimazine or atrazine or Manor, Mansion or Blade plus simazine or atrazine. Apply early (betweenDecember and March 1) before the weeds get big.
Field Madder (Sherardia arvensis) Glyphosate alone does not control field madder.Effective field madder control requires a tank mixof a postemergence herbicide with simazine oratrazine. Typical mixes are a threeway plussimazine or atrazine or Manor or Blade plussimazine or atrazine. Apply early (betweenDecember and March 1) before the weeds get big.
Goosegrass(Eleusine indica) Use either Specticle or Ronstar for preemergencecontrol of goosegrass. Barricade and Pendulumwill provide slightly less effective preemergencecontrol. Postemergence herbicides for goosegrassinclude Revolver, Illoxan, Dismiss and Sencor. Repeat applications are needed when controllinggoosegrass postemergence. Pylex (topramezone)is effective on goosegrass in centipedegrass andcertain coolseason grasses.
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Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea) In coolseason grasses, use a product containingtriclopyr or fluroxypyr. Momentum FX2 (2,4D +triclopyr + fluroxypyr) or TZone (triclopyr +2,4D + dicamba + sulfentrazone) are good optionsfor ground ivy. In warmseason grasses, metsulfuron (Mansion, Manor or Blade) or Celsius WGare good choices. Ortho Chickweed and Oxalis Killer (8% triclopyr) is a good choice forhomeowners. Do not use on centipedegrass,St. Augustinegrass or bermudagrass.
Hairy Bittercress(Cardamine hirsuta) The dinitroaniline (prodiamine, pendimethalin,others) herbicides do not provide effectivepreemergence control of hairy bittercress.Effective hairy bittercress control requires a tankmix of a postemergence herbicide with simazineor atrazine. Typical mixes are a threeway plussimazine or atrazine or Manor or Blade plussimazine or atrazine. Apply early (betweenDecember and March 1) before the weeds get big.
Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) Threeways (2,4D + MCPP + dicamba) alone donot control henbit. Effective control requires atank mix of a postemergence herbicide withsimazine or atrazine. Typical mixes are a threeway plus simazine or atrazine or metsulfuron plussimazine or atrazine. Apply early (betweenDecember and March 1) before the weeds get big.
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Kyllinga(Kyllinga spp.) Monument (trifloxysulfuron), Certainty(sulfosulfuron) and Dismiss South (sulfentrazone +imazethapyr) provide excellent kyllinga control.SedgeHammer+ (halosulfuron), while slightly lesseffective on kyllinga, is safe to use on all turfgrasses.See Sedge Control for Homeowners.
Large Hop Clover ( Trifolium campestre) Effective large hop clover control requires a tankmix of a postemergence herbicide with simazineor atrazine. Typical mixes are a threeway plussimazine or atrazine or metsulfuron plus simazineor atrazine. Apply early (between December andMarch 1) before the weeds get big.
Lawn Burweed or Spurweed(Soliva pterosperma) Simazine or atrazine will provide pre andpostemergence control of spurweed if appliedearly. For best results, apply betweenThanksgiving and Christmas. If that timing ismissed, make the application before March 1.Metsulfuron (Manor, Mansion or Blade) or threeways (MCPP + dicamba + 2,4D) provide postemergence control of spurweed. Metsulfuron or athreeway may be tank mixed with either simazineor atrazine.
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Lespedeza, Common (Lespedeza striata or Kummerowia striata) Lespedeza is often an indicator of insufficientnitrogen fertilization. 2,4D alone will not controllespedeza or white clover. Products containingmetsulfuron, fluroxypyr or triclopyr are veryeffective on most legumes. Escalade II, Confrontand metsulfuron (Manor, Mansion or Blade) aregood lespedeza control products. When usingthreeways (2,4D + MCPP + dicamba), repeatapplications are usually needed. Celsius(thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba) shouldbe effective on lespedeza. Ortho Chickweed and Oxalis Killer (8% triclopyr) is a good choice forhomeowners. Do not use this product on centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrass or bermudagrass.
Lyreleaf Sage(Salvia lyrata) Lyreleaf sage is a hardy perennial with a basal rosette. The flowers can be white or light blue.Metsulfuron (Mansion, Blade or Manor) at0.5 ounce per acre will provide good to excellent control. Products containing 2,4-D, dicamba, MCPP, triclopyr and fluroxypyr are generally ineffective.
Moss (Bryum argentum) Quicksilver T&O (carfentrazone) at 6.7 ouncesper acre in 100 GPA when temperatures are lessthan 85° F provides excellent moss control.Bentgrass has excellent tolerance for Quicksilver.Do not apply to desirable hybrid bermudagrass.Quicksilver does not control algae.
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Nutsedge, Purple(Cyperus rotundus) This is the most difficult sedge to control. Repeatapplications will be needed. Monument (trifloxysulfuron), Certainty (sulfosulfuron) and DismissSouth (sulfentrazone + imazethapyr) providetemporary suppression of purple nutsedge.SedgeHammer+ (halosulfuron), while slightlyless effective, is safe to use on all turfgrasses.Image 70 DG (imazaquin) is an effective herbicidefor suppressing sedges in warmseason turfgrasses. Image may cause stunting of turfgrasses.See Sedge Control for Homeowners.
Nutsedge, Yellow(Cyperus esculentus) Not usually a problem in lawns. It is morecommon in ornamental beds and vegetablegardens. SedgeHammer+, Image, Certainty,Monument, Dismiss and Dismiss South are all effective for yellow nutsedge. See Sedge Control for Homeowners.
Plantain, Broadleaf(Plantago major) The common threeway herbicides (2,4D +dicamba + MCPP) control broadleaf plantain.Tank mixing metsulfuron with a threewayherbicide often improves control.
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Plantain, Buckhorn(Plantago lanceolata)
The common threeway herbicides (2,4D +dicamba + MCPP) control buckhorn plantain.Tank mixing metsulfuron with a threewayherbicide often improves control. Fall applicationsare more effective.
Prostrate Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare) Metsulfuron at 0.5 ounce per acre or dicamba(Banvel, Vanquish) at 0.5 pound per acre willcontrol prostrate knotweed. Celsius WG(thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba) shouldbe effective on prostrate knotweed. There aremany combination products that contain 2,4D anddicamba including Trimec 992 and Speedzone.
Purple Deadnettle(Lamium purpureum) Threeways (2,4D + MCPP + dicamba) alone willnot control purple deadnettle. Effective deadnettlecontrol requires a tank mix of a postemergenceherbicide with simazine or atrazine. Typical mixesare a threeway plus simazine or atrazine ormetsulfuron plus simazine or atrazine. Apply early(between December and March 1) before theweeds get big.
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Sedge Control for Homeowners SedgeHammer+ (halosulfuron + surfactant) is agood sedge control choice for homeowners becauseit is effective on the common sedges, comes in asmall package with surfactant added and is safe onall turfgrasses. HiYield Nutsedge Control alsocontains halosulfuron. Ortho Nutsedge Killer forLawns (0.05% sulfentrazone) is a quickactingherbicide that is fairly effective on most sedges andsafe on most lawn grasses. Sulfentrazone is fastacting and will cause leaf burn on sedges withintwo to three days. It is weaker on purple nutsedgecompared to halosulfuron. (Photo: Purple nutsedgecontrol with halosulfuron.)
Shepherd’s Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) Effective control requires a tank mix of apostemergence herbicide with simazine oratrazine. Typical mixes are a threeway plussimazine or atrazine or Manor, Mansion or Blade plus simazine or atrazine. Apply early (betweenDecember and March 1) before the weeds get big.
Spotted Burclover(Medicago arabica) Effective control requires a tank mix of apostemergence herbicide with simazine oratrazine. Typical mixes are a threeway plussimazine or atrazine or Manor, Mansion or Blade plus simazine or atrazine. Apply early (betweenDecember and March 1) before the weeds get big.
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Spring Beauty(Claytonia virginica) Manor, Mansion or Blade (metsulfuron) willprovide acceptable control of spring beauty.Apply in February or March. Add 0.5% nonionicsurfactant.
Spurge(Chamaescye spp.) Manor, Mansion or Blade (metsulfuron) is thebest spurge control treatment. Use only inbermudagrass, centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrassand zoysiagrass.
Violet ( Viola spp.) Manor, Mansion or Blade (metsulfuron) is aneffective violet control herbicide in bermudagrass,centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrass and zoysiagrass. Products containing triclopyr and clopyralid(Confront, Turflon), 2,4D + fluroxypyr + dicamba(Escalade 2) or triclopyr + phenoxy herbicides(Cool Power, HorsePower or Chaser) are fairlyeffective for violet control, and these products canbe used on coolseason grasses such as tall fescue.Repeat applications are usually required. Mid tolate fall applications are best followed by midspring to early summer applications. Ortho Chickweed and Oxalis Killer (8% triclopyr) isa good choice for homeowners. Do not use thisproduct on centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrassor bermudagrass.
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Virginia Buttonweed(Diodia virginiana) Herbicides provide only temporary suppressionof Virginia buttonweed. Products containingfluroxypyr or triclopyr such as Escalade II orMomentum FX2 seem to be more consistent than the standard threeways. However, multiple applications of threeway (2,4D + MCPP + dicamba)herbicides at intervals of three to six weeks do a fair job of suppressing Virginia buttonweed.Consult label to determine the maximum number of applications allowed per year.
White Clover ( Trifolium repens) Threeway growth regulator herbicides, quincloracand metsulfuron will provide postemergencecontrol of white clover.
Wild Garlic, Wild Onion(Allium vineale) Metsulfuron (Manor, Mansion or Blade) is veryeffective for wild garlic control and many otherwinter broadleaf weeds. Apply in late February orearly March on a warm (at least 50° F), sunny daywhen there is good soil moisture. Add 0.25%nonionic surfactant. Another option is use of either2,4D LV ester or one of the threeways (Trimec,Triplet). These products are the least effective andrequire three applications to eliminate garlic.Make the first treatment in November, repeat inMarch and then again the following November.Do not treat 2,4Dsensitive grasses such ascentipedegrass and St. Augustinegrass unless theyare dormant. The ester formulations of 2,4D are more effective against garlic.
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Inside Back Cover Is Blank 19
The information given herein is for educational purposes only. Reference to products and turfgrass cultivars is made with theunderstanding that no discrimination is intended nor endorsement by the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service.
Printed by University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service Printing Services.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Arkansas. The Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service offers its programs to all eligible persons regardless of race, color, national origin, religion, gender, age, disability, marital or veteran status, or any other legally protected status, and is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer.
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