turbulence layers detection from ground-based rayleigh lidar
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Turbulence layers detection from ground-based Rayleigh lidar. Alain Hauchecorne 1 , and the MMEDTAC Team - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Turbulence layers detection from ground-based Rayleigh
lidarAlain Hauchecorne1, and the MMEDTAC Team
Charles Cot1, Francis Dalaudier1, Jacques Porteneuve1, Thierry Gaudo2, Richard Wilson1,
Claire Cénac1, Christian Laqui1, Philippe Keckhut1, Jean-Marie Perrin3, Agnès Dolfi2,
Nicolas Cézard2, Laurent Lombard2, Claudine Besson2
1 LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ, CNRS-INSU, Guyancourt, France, [email protected]
2ONERA/DOTA, Palaiseau, France
3OHP, CNRS-INSU, Saint-Michel l’Observatoire, France
Clear air turbulence
Clear air turbulence (CAT) is an important problem for safety of commercial airplanes:• It can cause severe passenger injuries and material damages • It is not easy to detect in advance on-board by radar or other methods
Cleair air turbulence is related to small-scale wind and air density fluctuations but its characteristics and mechanisms of formation are not well known.
European projects EU-FP6 Flysafe (2005-2009), coord. Thales: to propose new methods to improve aircraft safetyEU-FP7 DELICAT (2009-2012), coord. Thales: to develop a lidar prototype to detect CAT on board aircrafts
TAC Cases reported
• From 1981 through 1997 there were 342 reports of turbulence affecting major air carriers
• Three passengers died, two of these fatalities were not wearing their seat belt while the sign was on
• 80 suffered serious injuries, 73 of these passengers were also not wearing their seat belts.
Turbulence generation
3 main causes- Wind shear
- Convection
- Orographic waves
MMEDTAC ANR Project (2006-2009)
2 methods proposed - Monostatic Rayleigh lidar: density
fluctuations in aerosol-free atmosphere, implemented within MMEDTAC
- Doppler Wind Rayleigh lidar: wind fluctuations
Objectives- To set-up a ground-based lidar system to detect CAT
- To improve and test algorithms developed in EU-DELICAT for the detection of CAT using lidar signals.
Rayleigh density lidar
Accuracy
phN
1
Advantages
Easy to realise and operate
Limitations
Aerosol scattering must be negligible or need high resolution spectral filter
Detection of turbulent fluctuations
For isotropic fluctuations
NgV
TT
/
Troposphere: g/N=1000ms-1
=1% ~ V=10ms-1
Stratosphere g/N=500ms-1
=1% ~ V=5ms-1
Detection based on variance of density fluctuations
Background removal (average signal from high altitude)
: integrated signal in time slice i and altitude layer j
Perturbation
Variance
€
Pi, j =Si, j −
1
2(Si, j−1 + Si, j+1)
1
2Si, j +
1
4(Si, j−1 + Si, j+1)€
Si, j
€
V j =1
NiPi, j −
1
2(Pi−1 + Pi+1)
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟2
i
∑
Field campaign at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP)
Use of NDACC Rayleigh temperature lidar at OHP
•Dedicated reception telescope (53 cm diameter)
•2 channels at 532 nm (parallel and perpendicular polarizations (detection solid particles)
•Distance emission-reception 6m to avoid PM saturation at low altitude
•Dedicated data acquisition chain
• Shot by shot acquisition at 50 Hz
• Detection in analogic mode
• Sampling 15 m (100 ns), resolution 37.5m (4 MHz)
Laser Nd-Yag - 15W @ 532 nm
E=4. 1019 ph/s
2=0.5
Qlid=0.01 to 0.1
A=0.5 m2 (80 cm diameter)
z=10000 m
r=4. 10-7 m-1sr-1
N=12000/s to 120000/s
Estimated signal with OHP Rayleigh lidar
Detectivity limit with Rayleigh OHP lidarfor 10km altitude
Observed variance
Lidar one hour average Nearby ST radar
23 Jun 2009 22h-23h
Observed variance averaged during one hourMMEDTAC campaign –23/06/2009
Radar PROUST 11.5 à 15 km, Dole et al., 2001 :CT
2 = 0.3 à 0.6.10-3
Estimation turbulence parameters
Conclusion
• A new lidar system has been set-up at OHP to detect clear air turbulence from Rayleigh scattering fluctuations
• Analysis of the results indicate the probable detection of CAT layers
• Derived turbulent parameters in the same range than ST radar estimations
• This technique offer a new tool for atmospheric studies