trends in the postschool experiences of youth with disabilities findings from the national...

Trends in the Postschool Experiences ofYouth With Disabilities

Findings From the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2

(NLTS2)

Mary Wagner, Ph.D.SRI International

Secondary Transition State Planning Institute: Building for the Future

Charlotte, North Carolina

May 12-14, 2009

2

Stratified random sample

Nationally representative sample of 501 LEAs and 38 special schools, stratified by:• Geographic region

• Enrollment size

• District wealth

11,275 students by disability category

Focuses on Youth, ages 13 to 16 at start of study

Study began 2000–2001 school year

Generalizes to Each disability category and age cohort

Longitudinal9 years

5 waves of data collection (wave 5 underway)

NLTS2 has been funded with federal funds from the U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, under contract number ED-01-CO-0003. The content of this presentation does not necessarily reflect the view or policies of the U.S. Department of Education, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government.

NLTS2 overview

3

Data sources

• Parent telephone interviews

• Youth telephone interviews/survey

• NLTS2 Waves 2, 3, and 4 (2003, 2005, 2007)– Wave 4 responses for youth who have been out

of high school up to 6 years

– Ages 19 through 23

4

Today’s agenda

• Review trends in outcomes of youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years regarding:– High school completion– Postsecondary education– Employment– Participation in postsecondary school, work, or preparation

for work– Independent living and childbearing or fathering– Criminal justice system involvement

• Describe outcome differences related to:– Gender– Race/ethnicity– High school completion status

• Describe outcomes for youth in the categories of learning disability, mental retardation, and emotional disturbance

5

High School Completion

6

High school completion by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by year

Percent

858072

0

20

40

60

80

100

2003 2005 2007

Out-of-high school youth who had finished high school

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 2, 3, and 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2003, 2005, 2007.

7

Participation in high school equivalency programs by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years who left high school without finishing, by year

Percent

2937

43

33

87

0

20

40

60

80

100

2003 2005 2007

High school noncompleters who had ever enrolled in an equivalency programEnrollees in equivalency program who completed it

NOTE: Data on completion not available for 2003.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 2, 3, and 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2003, 2005, 2007.

8

Postsecondary Education, Work, and Preparation for Work

9

Postsecondary education enrollment in by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by year

19 24 2131

4557

0

20

40

60

80

100

2003 2005 2007

Ever enrolled since high school Enrolled at time of interview


Percent

10

Enrollment in postsecondary education by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by year and type of school

20

32

41

2823

6

149 16

0

10

20

30

40

50

2003 2005 2007

Vocational/technical/business school 2-year college

4-year college/university


Percentage ever enrolled since high school

11

Postsecondary program completion by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years ever enrolled, by type of school

24

50

19

10

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

Percentage ever enrolled who received a certificate or diploma from:

Any postsecondary school

Vocational/technical/business school

2-year college


Percent

12

Employment of youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by year

NOTE: Percentage employed ever since high school not available for 2003.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 2, 3, and 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2003, 2005, 2007.

32

5669

7589

0

20

40

60

80

100

2003 2005 2007

Ever since high school At time of interview

Percent

13

Full-time work by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by year

40

5868

0

20

40

60

80

100

2003 2005 2007

Worked 35 hours per week or more


Percent

14

Mean hourly wage of employed youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by year

$7.30$8.20

$9.37

$1.00

$3.00

$5.00

$7.00

$9.00

$11.00

$13.00

$15.00

Wave 2 Wave 3 Wave 4

Mean hourly wage


15

Participation in postsecondary education, paid employment, or job training of youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by year

Percent

5265

73

9485

79

0

20

40

60

80

100

2003 2005 2007

Ever engaged in one or more of these activities since high school

Engaged in one or more of these activities at time of interview


16

Living Arrangements and Childbearing or Fathering

17

Living arrangements of youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by year

NOTE: Living Independently is on one’s own or with a spouse; living semi-independently is in a dorm, military housing, or a job-related living facility; living not independently is with a family member other than a spouse, in foster care or a group home, or in a medical, mental health, criminal justice or other facility. Percentages of independent and semi-independent living not available for 2003.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 2, 3, and 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2003, 2005, 2007.

Percent

75 69 64

3525

160

20

40

60

80

100

2003 2005 2007

Independently Semi-independently Not independently

18

Childbearing or fathering by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by year

Percent

22118

0

20

40

60

80

100

2003 2005 2007

Have had or fathered a child

NOTE: Question asked only of or about youth age 16 or older.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 2, 3, and 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2003, 2005, 2007.

19

Criminal Justice System Involvement

20

Criminal justice system involvement of youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by year

29 28 26

17 14

51 53 51

20

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2003 2005 2007

Stopped by police Arrested

Incarcerated overnight On probation or parole

17 1515


Percentage ever involved since high school

21

Gender Differences in Postschool Outcomes

22

High school completion and equivalency program participation by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by gender

8982

46

87

34

87

Completed high school

Noncompleters enrolled in highschool equivalency program

Enrollees who completed highschool equivalency program

Percent

Females Males


23

Postsecondary education enrollment by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by gender

56

19

57

33

43

14

20

39


Business, vocational, technical school

2-year college


Percent

Females Males


Ever attended since high school:

24

Postsecondary program completion by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years ever enrolled, by gender

20

10

27

55

19

10

38

19



2-year college


Percent

Females Males


Students ever enrolled who completed postsecondary program from:

25

Employment by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by gender

83

$8.18

93

74

79

$10.09

59

54*

Worked for pay since high school

Worked for pay at time of interview

Worked at least 35 hours per week

Average hourly wage

Females Males

**

** p > .01 * p < .05SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

Percentage who:

26

Participation in postsecondary education, paid employment, or job training by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by gender

92

96

78

65

Ever engaged inone or more ofthese activities

since highschool

Engaged in oneor more of theseactivities at time

of interview

Percent

Females Males


27

Independent living and childbearing or fathering by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by gender

37

34

15

33

Lived alone orwith spouse at

time of interview

Had or fathereda child

Percent

Females Males

** p < .01SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

**

28

Criminal justice system involvement by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by gender

40

8

58

30

19

17

19

9

Stopped by police other than for atraffic violation

Arrested

Incarcerated overnight

On probation or parole

Percent

Females Males

* p < .05SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

Youth had ever been:

*

29

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Postschool Outcomes

30

High school completion and equivalency program participation by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by race/ethnicity

8877

41

84

83

29

94

54

87

Completed high school

Noncompleters enrolled in equivalencyprogram

Enrollees who completed equivalencyprogram

Percent

White African American Hispanic


31

Postsecondary education enrollment by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by race/ethnicity

58

17

52

24

34

15

66

27

60

13

30

41



2-year college


Percent



Ever attended since high school:

32

Postsecondary program completion by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years ever enrolled, by race/ethnicity

24

13

17

29

16

2

34

83

17

6

46

41



2-year college


Percent


* p < .05 comparing African American and Hispanic youth.•SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

Enrollees receiving diploma/certificate from:

*

33

Employment of youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by race/ethnicity

92

$9.69

83

50

54

$8.60

87

65

64

$8.46

74

71

Worked for paysince high school

Worked for pay attime of interview

Worked at least 35hours per week

Average hourlywage


** p < .01 comparing White and African American youth.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

Percentage who:

**

34

Participation in postsecondary education, paid employment, or job training by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by race/ethnicity

96

89

59

94

69

77


since high school

Engaged in one ormore of these

activities at time ofinterview



35

Independent living and childbearing or fathering by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by race/ethnicity

37

23

38

40

18

19

Lived alone or withspouse at time of

interview

Had or fathered achild


**

**p < .01 comparing White and African American youth.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

36

Criminal justice system involvement by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by race/ethnicity

48

14

59

31

24

14

49

31

17

12

24

13


Arrested





Youth has ever been:

37

Postschool Outcomes for Youth With Learning Disabilities, Mental Retardation, or Emotional Disturbances

38

High school completion and equivalency program participation by youth with learning disabilities, mental retardation, or emotional disturbances out of high school up to 6 years

8680

29

84

43

89

74

59

75Completed high school

Noncompleters enrolled in highschool equivalency program

Enrollees completed equivalencyprogram

Percent

Learning disabilities Mental retardation Emotional disturbances


39

Postsecondary education enrollment by youth with learning disabilities, mental retardation, or emotional disturbances out of high school up to 6 years, by type of school

61

16

36

21

27

9

42

25

31

8

29

44



2-year college


Percent


** p < .01, * p < .05 compared with youth with mental retardation.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

Ever attended since high school:**

*

40

Postsecondary program completion by youth with learning disabilities, mental retardation, or emotional disturbances out of high school up to 6 years

22

5

23

16

32

41

30

11

55

16



2-year college


Percent


NOTE: There are too few youth with mental retardation who had enrolled in a business/vocational/technical school or a 4-year college/university to report completion rates for them.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

Ever enrolled and received diploma/certificate from:

41

Employment of youth with learning disabilities, mental retardation, or emotional disturbances out of high school up to 6 years

93

$9.49

73

44

64

$7.49

90

66

75

$10.40

74

69

Ever worked for pay since high school


Worked at least 35 hours per week atcurrent or most recent job

Average hourly wage at current ormost recent job

Percent


*** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05 compared with youth with mental retardation.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

Percentage who:

**

*

***

42

Participation in postsecondary education, employment, or job training of youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by race/ethnicity

97

80

45

93

68

78


since high school

Engaged in one ormore of these

activities at time ofinterview



43

Independent living and childbearing or fathering by youth with learning disabilities, mental retardation, or emotional disturbances out of high school up to6 years

93

73

19

90

11

24

Lived alone or withspouse at time of

interview

Had or fathered achild

Percent


** p < .01, * p < .05 comparing youth with learning disabilities and those with mental retardation.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

**

*

44

Criminal justice system involvement by youth with learning disabilities, mental retardation, or emotional disturbances out of high school up to 6 years

52

12

35

14

10

7

74

53

33

36

25

14


Arrested



Percent


*** p < .001, ** p < .01 compared with youth with emotional disturbances.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

Youth has ever been:

***

***

***

******

***

*****

45

Postschool Outcomes by School Completion Status

46

Postsecondary education enrollment by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by school completion status

64

19

20

5

15

1

32

46



2-year college


Percent

High school completers Noncompleters

*** p < .001SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

Ever attended since high school:***

***

***

***

47

Postsecondary program completion by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years ever enrolled, by school completion status

25

10

9

55

1

0

50

20



2-year college


Percent


*** p < .001SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

Enrollees obtained degree/certificate from:

**

48

Employment of youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by high schoolcompletion status

90

$9.35

84

53

79

$9.67

66

71

Worked for pay since high school


Worked at least 35 hours per week

Average hourly wage

Percent


** p > .01SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

Percent who:

49

Participation in postsecondary education, paid employment, or job training by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by high school completion status

83

43

96

76


since highschool

Engaged in oneor more of theseactivities at time

of interview

Percent


** p > .01SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

**

50

Independent living and childbearing or fathering by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by high school completion status

34

39

36

19

Lived alone orwith spouse at

time of interview

Had or fathereda child

Percent



51

Criminal justice system involvement by youth with disabilities out of high school up to 6 years, by school completion status

47

22

12

10

71

51

33

36

Stopped by police for other than atraffic violation

Arrested



Percent


**p < .01, *p < .05SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 4 parent interviews and youth interviews/surveys, 2007.

**

**

*

**

Youth had ever been:

52

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trends in the postschool experiences of youth with disabilities findings from the national...

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department of education

postsecondary school

special education research

youth interviewssurveys

national center

outcomes of youth

special schools

parent interviews