tree decay fungi - illinois arborist...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Tree Decay Fungi
Chelsi Abbott, MSc
The Davey Tree Expert Company
![Page 2: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview
• Dangers in Tree Care Industry
• What are fungi?
• Why wood decay fungi are important
• Different groups
• Specific types of decay & wood decay fungi
![Page 3: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why the Concern?
153 tree care related incidents in 2016 (TCIA)
Tree Failure can Harm:
• People
• Utility Lines
• Buildings
• Vehicles
![Page 4: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Fungi
• Eukaryotic
• Non-photosynthetic
• Decompose and absorb organic
matter
• Mushrooms, mold, mildews,
rusts etc.
![Page 5: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Beneficial fungi
• Damaging fungi
✓Crucial to the life cycle of the
forest
Fungi
![Page 6: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Three components of Disease
1. Host
2. Pathogen
3. Environmental
conditions
![Page 7: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Disease Triangle
HostPathogen
Environment
Disease
![Page 8: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Wood Decay Fungi
Two main groups:
• Basidiomycetes:
• Most common group of fungi for wood decay.
• They have mushrooms/conks as fruiting bodies
• Ascomycetes:
• Second most common group of fungi, with only a
few wood rotter's.
• Small, irregular fruiting bodies
![Page 9: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Signs vs. Symptoms
A sign is physical
evidence of a causal
agent
• Mushroom
• Spores
A symptom is the plants
reaction/expression to the
infection
• Chlorosis
• Leaf spot
• Death of tissue
![Page 10: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Tree Decay Fungi:
• Mushroom and conks are obvious sign
• Some trees do not show above ground
symptoms
• Significantly affect the health and structural
integrity of the tree
• Create hazardous trees- our goal is to protect
people and property
![Page 11: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Just because you don’t see…
…doesn’t mean it’s not there!
![Page 12: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Things to look for:
• Fungal fruiting bodies:
• Conks, mushrooms, etc.
• Canopy decline - if canopy is
declining it could be a
problem from below
• Remember! A full canopy does
not mean structurally sound!
![Page 13: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Symptoms associated with wood
rots
• Crown dieback
• Leaf chlorosis and necrosis
• Wood rot
• Bark peeling away
• Discolouration of bark
• Eventual death
![Page 14: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
3 Types of Wood Decay
White rot
• Most common decay fungi - hardwoods
• Leave behind white residue
Brown rot
• More frequently found on conifers
• Leave behind brown residue
Soft rot
• Not visibly different than brown or white rot in
living trees
![Page 15: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Types of Wood Decay
White rot:
• Leaves a white or bleached
appearance to wood
• Wood feels moist, soft and
spongy
• Degrade lignin (constituent of
cell walls) & erode cellulose
• Significant strength loss only in
more advanced stages of decay
• Example: Armillaria spp.
![Page 16: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Types of Wood Decay
Brown Rot:
• More frequently found in
conifers than hardwoods
• Brown, brittle lignin
• Decays cellulose and
hemicellulose
• Significant amount of strength
loss in initial stages of decay
• Example: Chicken of the
Woods
![Page 17: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Types of Wood Decay
Soft Rot:
• Attacks cellulose
• Attacks links between cell
walls and lignin
• Loss in wood structural
quality
• Example: Kretzschmaria
deusta
![Page 18: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
How Do Wood Rots Gain Entry?
• Stressed trees
• Construction
damage
• Soil compaction
• Mechanical
damage
• Insect/animal
damage
![Page 19: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Important Wood Decay Fungi
• Armillaria Spp.
• Ganoderma Spp.- Artist’s conk & Varnish conk
• Laetiporus sulphureus - Chicken of the woods
• Inonotus dryadeus
• Xylaria polymorpha - Dead Man’s Fingers
• Kretzschmaria deusta
![Page 20: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Armillaria Root Rot
Hosts: Many deciduous trees and conifers
• Also called: Shoe-string rot and Honey
mushrooms
• Multiple species
• Infects stressed trees through wounds
• Can infect roots via rhizomorphs
• Aggressive
![Page 21: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
3 Signs of Armillaria
![Page 22: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
www.gallowaywildfoods.com
Not to be confused with…
Jack o’ lantern
Velvet shank
![Page 23: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ganoderma applanatum
Hosts: Most hardwoods, Maples, Oaks, etc.
• Also known as “Artist’s conk”
• Perennial conk
• Infect via wounds
• Decay can extend 1-2ft
above and below conk
• White rot
• Aggressive
![Page 24: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Ganoderma applanatum
![Page 25: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Ganoderma applanatum- Artist’s
Conk
G. Jones
![Page 26: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Ganoderma lucidum
Hosts: Most hardwoods, honey locust, Maples,
oaks…
• Also known as ‘Varnish Conk’
• Annual conk
• Kills cambial tissue of roots
• White rot
• Moderately aggressive
![Page 27: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ganoderma lucidum
![Page 28: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Chicken of the Woods
(Laetiporus sulphureus)
Hosts: Most hardwoods, oaks,
black cherry, etc.
• Choice edible
• Fruiting body emerges from
summer to fall
• Brown rot
• Causes extensive decay
![Page 29: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Chicken of the woods
![Page 30: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Hen of the woods
• Hosts: Hardwoods,
predominately oaks
• Choice edible
• Fruiting body
emerges from
September to
October
• White rot
• Weak pathogen
Theforagerpress.com
![Page 31: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Inonotus dryadeus
Hosts: Hardwoods, Oaks, etc.
• Also known as ‘weeping conk’
• Annual but persistent
• Slow progressing white rot
• Excessive decay could mean
trees are at risk for windthrow
• Found at crown (close to ground) or
on roots
![Page 32: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Inonotus dryadeus
![Page 33: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Dead Man’s Fingers
(Xylaria polymorpha)
Hosts: Hardwoods including Maples and beech
• Black finger-like structures (stomata) appear in
spring
• White rot of base and roots
• Can kill cambium
• Only attack stressed trees
![Page 34: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Dead Man’s Fingers
![Page 35: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
General Wood Rot Management
• No management
available once
infected
• Destroy fungal fruiting
bodies
• Avoid wounding the
tree
• General plant health
care
![Page 36: Tree Decay Fungi - Illinois Arborist Associationillinoisarborist.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tree-Decay-Fungi-.pdf · Tree Decay Fungi: •Mushroom and conks are obvious sign •Some](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050716/5e15c404b5023969bd3c6521/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Things to take home
• Always ask if you’re not sure
• Presence of a conk is (usually) a bad sign
• Just because there isn’t a fruiting body,
doesn’t mean there isn’t decay