treaty of versailles paris peace...
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Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of VersaillesTreaty of VersaillesTreaty of VersaillesParis Peace Conference
January 18 – June 28, 1919
End of The Great War• USA enters the war in April 1917, angered by German submarine
attacks against neutral Ships• Germans make final push, taking back Ypres, Somme & Passch• Germany running low on troops, food, and supplies• During final 3 months of war, Canada’s troops very successful due
to disciplined command of Arthur Currie• November 9, 1918: German Kaiser abdicated• November 11, 1918: Armistice signed at 11:00 a.m. in France • Canadian Private George Price is the last soldier to die on the
Western Front - a sniper shoots him just before 11:00
Canada� The British Dominion governments were not originally granted
separate invitations to the conference
�Were expected to send representatives as part of the British Empire delegation.
� Convinced that Canada had become a nation on the battlefields of Europe, its Prime Minister demanded that it have a separate seat at the conference
�This was initially opposed not only by Britain but also by the US, who perceived such a delegation as an extra British vote.
�Borden responded by pointing out that since Canada had lost a far larger proportion of its men compared to the U.S. in the war, Canada at least had the right to the representation of a "minor" power.
�British Prime Minister eventually relented, and convinced the reluctant Americans to accept the presence of separate Canadian delegate.
The Treaty Of Versailles
• 28 June 1919, the victors
met at the Hall of Mirrors in
the Palace of Versailles, near
Paris, and forced two
Germans to agree to the
terms of peace.
• Germany and its allies were
not allowed to send any
delegates, and had no choice
but to accept whatever was
decided.• The first 26 Articles of the Treaty set out the Covenant
of the League of Nations; the rest of the 440 Articles
detailed Germany's punishment.
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What did the winners want?What did the winners want?What did the winners want?What did the winners want?
France• Prime Minister Clemenceau
wanted to punish Germany; Made 3 demands to ensure war never happened again:– Return Alsace-Lorraine
(taken during Franco-Prussian War)
– Pay reparations to cover the entire cost of rebuilding
– Give up Rhineland so Germany cannot attack France again
England
• Many in England wanted to punish Germany too: “Squeeze ‘em until the pips squeak”; but Prime Minister David Lloyd George disagreed:
– If Germany was treated too harshly it will cause more trouble in the future; Germany should be allowed to recover
– Rhineland should be demilitarized (military removed), not taken over
Italy
�Prime Minister Orlando had agreed to leave the Triple Alliance (with Germany & Austria-Hungary) & fight for Allies after France & England secretly promised to give Adriatic Coast to Italy after the war; Italy’s only demand:
�France & England should keep their promise to give this land to Italy
USA
�President Woodrow Wilson came up with 14 Points of Lightto restore Europe:
�Europe should have freedom of seas, free trade; Reduction of weapons; Divide all colonies
�Self Determination—countries should have right to choose their own type of government
�Create a Le ague of Nationsto prevent future wars
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The Treaty Of VersaillesThe Treaty Of VersaillesThe Treaty Of VersaillesThe Treaty Of Versailles
The main points of the Treaty [BRAT]
B
R
A
T
lame
eparations
rmy
erritory
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1. War Guilt Clause - Germany had to accept the
BLAME for starting the war.
The Treaty Of VersaillesThe Treaty Of VersaillesThe Treaty Of VersaillesThe Treaty Of Versailles
2. Germany had to pay £6.6 billion (called
REPARATIONS) for the damage done during the
war.
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3. Germany was forbidden to have submarines or an air force. She could have a navy
of only six battleships, and an ARMY of just 100,000 men. In addition, Germany was not
allowed to place any troops in the Rhineland, the strip of land, 50 miles wide, next to France.
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The Treaty Of VersaillesThe Treaty Of VersaillesThe Treaty Of VersaillesThe Treaty Of Versailles
4. Germany lost
TERRITORY (land) in
Europe. Germany’s
colonies were given to
Britain and France.
Also, Germany was
forbidden to join the
League of Nations, or unite
with Austria.
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Territory Lost by Germany
What did Germany have to say?
Germany had no choice but to agree to the above terms – No debating, or compromising.
“The criminal madness of this peace will drain Germany's national life-blood. It is a shameless blow in the face of common-sense. It is inflicting the deepest wounds on us Germans as our world lies in wreckage about us.”
from a speech made by a German MP in the Reichstag in 1919.
Results of VersaillesResults of VersaillesResults of VersaillesResults of Versailles
•Treaty of Versailles created more problems than it solved
•Riots, debt, humiliation in Germany will allow leaders (Hitler) to rise to power by promising revenge
• Italy was not given land it was promised; economic problems will lead to strong leaders who promise a return to glory (Mussolini)
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Was Germany treated fairly?
The Treaty Of VersaillesThe Treaty Of VersaillesThe Treaty Of VersaillesThe Treaty Of Versailles
The Failure of
the Treaty =