Paris Peace Settlements

Sean Corcoran and Christine Shin

Versailles

• Creation of the League of Nations

• Germany must concede Eupen-Malmédy to Belgium, the Hultschin district to Czechoslovakia, and Poznan, West Prussia and Upper Silesia to Poland.

• Saar, Danzig and Memel were given self determination by the League of Nations

Treaty of Versailles (cont)• Germany must return Alsace-

Lorraine to France• Germany must give up all lands

acquired in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (created the states of Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia)

• 15 year occupation of the Rhineland by the allies

• All Germany overseas colonies became League of Nations Mandates

• Danzig becomes a free city

Versailles (cont.)

• Article 231 – War Guilt Clause– Germany accepts complete

responsibility for initiating WWI

– Germany is liable for all damages and must pay reparations (£6,600 million)

• Germany’s army limited to 100,000 men– (no conscription)

• Germany’s navy limited to vessels under 100,000 tons– No submarine fleet

Versailles (cont)

• Germany was forbidden to maintain an air force

• Ban on the union of Germany and Austria

• Required trials against the Kaiser and other officials for war crimes– Most of them were

acquitted– Called the Liepzig trials,

seen as a sham

Versailles (cont.)

• German government and people referred to the treaty as Diktat, or dictated peace

• The treaty didn’t cause the problems from pre-WWI

• Treaty harmed the ability of European countries to work together

Versailles (cont)

• Losing powers made it a part of their foreign policy to NOT follow the treaty

• Created the Weimar government in Germany and got rid of the Kaiser

Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye

• September 1919• Treaty between the allies

and Austria• Formally dissolved the

Austro-Hungarian empire• Recognized the

independence of Yugoslavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary

Treaty of St. Germain (cont)

• Galicia was given to Poland

• Bukovina was given to Romania

• Bohemia and Moravia were given to Czechoslovakia

• South Tyrol, Trieste, Trentino, Istria, and some of the Dalmatian Islands were given to Italy

Treaty of St. Germain (cont)

• Austria could not unite politically or economically with Germany

• Austria was forbidden to go by the name “German Austria”

• Austrian army was limited to 30,000 men

Treaty of St. Germain (cont)

• Austria must pay reparations– Starting in May 1921, must

pay for 30 years– Austria never actually paid

reparations except in farm animals (cows and bulls to Italy, Romania, and Yugoslavia)

• Treaty left Austria land locked and with just 1/5 of its previous population and ¼ of its land area

Treaty of Trianon

• June 1920• Treaty between the

allies and Hungary• Acknkowledged the

dissolving of the Austro-Hungarian Empire

• 75% of Hungary’s land was lost and it became a landlocked nation

Treaty of Trianon (cont)

• It was not given self determination and many Hungarians were put into other countries

• Lost most of her resources such as iron ores

• Vienna, where all of Hungarian banking took place, was now outside of its borders

Treaty of Trianon (cont)

• Slovakia and Ruthenia were given to Czechoslovakia

• Transylvania was given to Romania

• Burgenland was given to Austria

• Slovenia and Croatia were given to Yugoslavia

Treaty of Trianon (cont)

• Hungarian army is reduced to 35,000 men with no conscription

• Hungary could not have a navy or an air force

• Hungary was against the treaty and flew their flags at half mast until 1938 on government buildings because of it

Treaty of Neuilly

• November 1919• Treaty between the

allies and Bulgaria• Western Thrace was

given to Greece• Dobrudja was given

to Romania

Treaty of Neuilly (cont)

• Northern Macedonia was given to Yugoslavia

• Reparations were required (£100 million)

• Bulgaria legally recognizes Yugoslavia (former Serbia)

• Bulgarian army limited to 20,000 men

Treaty of Sevres

• August 1920• Treaty between the

allies and Turkey• The Straits of

Dardanelles would be controlled by the allies

• The British took over Iraq

Treaty of Serves (cont)

• Saudi Arabia gained independence

• Turkey lost rights to Sudan and Libya

• Eastern Thrace and some of the Aegean islands were given to Greece

• Mesopotamia, Palestine, and Syria became League of Nations mandates

Treaty of Sevres (cont)

• Kingdom of Hejaz given autonomy – Contained Mecca and

Medina• Armenia given autonomy• Dodecanese islands were

given to Italy• Failed to create Kurdistan• Ottoman army limited to

50,000 men

Treaty of Sevres (cont)• Air force was forbidden, Navy

limited to 13 boats• Allies could supervise the

Ottoman military• Control of finances and the

Ottoman economy were handed over to the allies

• Ottoman Empire is forbidden to have economic collaboration with any of the members of the triple alliance

• Turkey rejected the treaty

Treaty of Lausanne

• 1923• Amended the treaty of Sevres• Expelled the Greeks• Turkey recovered Eastern

Thrace, the Aegean Islands, Smyrna, and a strip of land along the Syrian border

• No reparations• No limitation on Turkish

military establishments outside the Zone of the Straits

Works Cited• "IB History Notes - Terms Of The Paris Peace Treaties 1919-20: Versailles, St Germain,

Trianon, Neuilly, Sevre." IB Guides - Free International Baccalaureate Study Guides, Notes, Videos and Powerpoints. Web. 05 Oct. 2011. <http://www.ibguides.com/history/notes/terms-of-the-paris-peace-treaties-1919-20-versailles-st-germain-trianon-neuilly-sevres-lausanne-1923>.

• "The Treaty of Neuilly." History Learning Site. Web. 05 Oct. 2011. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty_of_neuilly.htm>.

• "The Treaty of Sevres." History Learning Site. Web. 05 Oct. 2011. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty_of_sevres.htm>.

• "The Treaty Of St. Germain." History Learning Site. Web. 05 Oct. 2011. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty-st-germain.htm>.

• "The Treaty of Trianon." History Learning Site. Web. 05 Oct. 2011. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty_of_trianon.htm>.

• "Treaty of Versailles, 1919." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Web. 05 Oct. 2011. <http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005425>.

• "The Treaty of Versailles." History Learning Site. Web. 05 Oct. 2011. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty_of_versailles.htm>.