transportation innovations in...
TRANSCRIPT
Transportation Innovations in Virginia
Cathy McGhee, P.E.
American Society of Highway Engineers
April 19, 2017
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VTRC
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Core Functions• Develop and deliver an applied research program
that supports the VDOT mission
• Provide expert consultation to VDOT Operations
• Provide post-research implementation support
• Provide technical oversight of university contract research
• Provide educational opportunities for future professionals through graduate assistantship program
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Research Areas• Structures, Pavements & Geotechnical
Engineering
– Extending service life of bridges, roads
– Pavement infrastructure
– Long-Term Bridge Performance Program
– Improved designs
• Materials Science
– Innovative concretes and asphalts
– High-performance, self-consolidating concrete
– Warm-mix asphalt; stone-matrix asphalt
– “Premium pavements”, quiet pavements
– Rapid repair techniques and technology
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Research Areas (continued)
• Safety, Operations & Traffic Engineering– Improving mobility and safety
– Connected vehicle technologies
– Emergency and Incident Response
– Wet night time markings and visibility
• Environment, Planning & Economics– Preserving natural, cultural resources
– Land use and transportation
– Special studies---fees for overweight trucks, area headquarters
Using Existing RAP
4.5 million tons statewide
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Using Existing RAP
• Could pave a 12-foot wide lane at 6 inches for about 2,000 miles using CCPR process
Charlottesville to Salt Lake City
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Pavement Recycling
Full-depth reclamation
Cold central plant (CCPR)
Cold in-place recycling (CIR)
Activities:Characterize materials propertiesDevelop pavement-design input valuesImplement specifications and guidelines
Goal is pavement recycling as a standard pavement rehabilitation option
Accelerated Pavement Testing
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Corrosion Damages Bridges
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Improvements at VDOT
Use of corrosion resistant reinforcing steel has increased the life of concrete bridge decks.
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A1010 Steel
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• High strength, corrosion-resistant steel plate
• Only the 6th bridge utilizing A1010 in the US
• Higher initial cost but significantly lower maintenance costs
• Ideal for highly corrosive environments
Animal-Vehicle Collision Mitigation
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Bicycle Accomodations
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Unmanned Aircraft Systems
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• V2V: Bi-directional information sharing between vehicles
• V2I: Bi-directional information sharing between a vehicle and the roadway
• V2X: Bi-directional information sharing between a vehicle and X (pedestrians, cyclists, trains, etc.)
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“Connected” Car?
Example V2V Safety Applications
• Emergency Electronic Brake Lights
• Forward Collision Warning
• Blind Spot / Lane Change Warning
• Left Turn Assist
• Intersection Movement Assist
• Do Not Pass Warning
• Etc., Etc.
Example V2I Applications
• Queue Detection and Warning
• Red Light Violation Warning
• Merge Assistance
• Emergency Vehicle Preemption
• Transit Signal Priority
• Eco Traffic Signal Timing
• Dynamic Driver Messaging
• ATM Integration
Early Implementation Example
• Audi PRIME traffic light feature
• Interface to centralized signal control system in several cities
• Counts down Red to Green phase change
• Uses cellular communications
Implications of Connected Vehicle Deployment
• Safety – V2V alone may address up to 81% of crashes involving unimpaired
drivers (27K fatalities, 1.8M injuries, 7.3M property damage)2
– V2I alone may address up to 19% of crashes involving unimpaired drivers2
• Mobility– Improved traffic flow and reduce delays (27%) 1
– Increased awareness of and access to multi-modal choices– More direct, actionable information for drivers (re-routing, incidents,
weather, etc.)
• Environmental– Combined Eco-Signal apps may reduce CO2 and fuel consumption
(11%)1
– Signal and freeway lane management combined reduce fuel consumption (22%)1
1 - Estimated Benefits of Connected Vehicle Applications: Dynamic Mobility Applications, AERIS, V2I Safety, and Road Weather Management, http://ntl.bts.gov/ lib/56000/56200/56238/FHWA-JPO-16-255.pdf2 – Harding, J., Powell, G., R., Yoon, R., Fikentscher, J., Doyle, C., Sade, D., Lukuc, M., Simons, J., & Wang, J. (2014, August). Vehicle-to-vehicle communications: Readiness of V2V technology for application. (Report No. DOT HS 812 014). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Public Perceptions of Automation
SAE Levels of Automation
Copyright 2014 SAE International and J3016
Difficult AV Challenges
Implications of Automated Deployment
• Implications depend on type of automation and level of adoption– Estimates of adoption and saturation rates vary significantly and
saturation takes time– User acceptance not a “given”, 65% of unexposed drivers are unwilling
to relinquish control to an automated vehicle– Perception of safety and security, high profile events
• Safety Implications– Significant safety improvements are possible, particularly with
increased saturation– May eliminate most of driver error crashes (90%)
• Impaired, aggressive, inattentive, and generally risky driving are reduced or eliminated
– May introduce new risks• System failures, cybersecurity risks, reduced seat belt use, mixed fleet
interactions, more travel
More Implications of AV Deployment
• Impact on roadway capacity– May initially be a dis-benefit
• Safe operating parameters or non-aggressive tuning for rider acceptance
• Mixed fleet driver expectation issues
– Expect deployments on freeway systems first– Up to 2X increased capacity at high penetration levels due to
shorter headways, narrower lanes, higher speeds, coordinated movement
– Simulation shows benefits not achieved until 50-75% of fleet is equipped and cooperating with non-linear increases as penetration nears 100%
– With acceptance and penetration, operating parameters can be sharpened to add more capacity
– Less non-recurring congestion due to crash reduction, reduced rubbernecking, efficient weave/zipper
So what is VDOT doing?
• Taking an evolutionary approach
• Focusing on implementation from the beginning
• Targeting existing challenges with new, technology-based solutions
• Supporting private development with minimal regulation
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Virginia Connected and Automated Corridors
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Reduce VHD
