transparency no. earth’s-atmosphere questions · hot-water setup 1. work in teams of two. 2. get...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
321
1. What is the atmosphere?
2. Describe how the amount of airchanges as you travel up throughEarth’s atmosphere.
3. Describe how the composition ofgases changes as you travel upthrough Earth’s atmosphere.
4. Describe how the temperaturechanges as you travel up through theatmosphere.
5. What layer of the atmosphere do youthink is of greatest interest tometeorologists? Why?
6. What gases are found in theatmosphere? What gases are foundonly in the troposphere?
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS
1
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM321
![Page 2: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
322
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
SUNRISE/SUNSET TIMES FOR 2000
Sunrise and sunset times for the year 2000
January 21 7:21 5:20
February 21 6:52 5:54
March 21 6:10 6:22
April 21 5:25 6:51
May 21 4:54 7:17
June 21 4:47 7:34
July 21 5:04 7:26
August 21 5:30 6:53
September 21 5:56 6:07
October 21 6:24 5:23
November 21 6:56 4:54
December 21 7:21 4:54
Date Sunrise (a.m.) Sunset (p.m.)
2Lab Notebook page 7
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM322
![Page 3: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
323
1. When one location on Earth has14 hours of daylight, is all therest of the world having 14 hoursof daylight as well?
2. Is the longest day of the year thesame length all over the world?
3. Is the longest day of the year thesame day all over the world?
4. Are the longest days always inthe summer? Are the shortestdays always in the winter?
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
DAY-LENGTH QUESTIONS
3
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM323
![Page 4: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
324
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
SUN-EARTH SYSTEM
4
N
N
N
N
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM324
![Page 5: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
325
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
SOLAR ANGLE
Low (small) solar angle
High (large) solar angle
90°
15°
5
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM325
![Page 6: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
326
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
SOLAR ANGLE ON EARTH
Earth viewed asmany flat surfaces
Sun
The solar angle isdifferent at differentlocations on Earth.
1
2
3
4
6
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM326
![Page 7: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
327
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
SUNLIGHT ON EARTH'S SURFACE
7
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM327
![Page 8: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
328
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
SETTING UP EARTH MATERIALS
Materials for each group4 Containers with slotted lids, 1/4-liter
4 Thermometers
1 Sheet of newspaper
Materials for the class1 Container of sand with 100-ml beaker
1 Container of dry soil with 100-ml beaker
2 Containers of water with 100-ml beaker
Set up the containers1. Each member of your group will set up one container.
2. Sand and soil containers
a. Measure 100 ml of sand or soil into a container.b. Slide a thermometer through the slot in the lid.c. Snap the lid on the container with the thermometer bulb
under the surface of the sand or soil.
3. Water container
a. Pour 100 ml of water into the container.
b. Slide a thermometer through the slot in the lid.
c. Snap the lid on the container with the thermometer bulbunder the surface of the water.
4. Air container
a. Slide a thermometer through the slot in the lid.b. Snap the lid on the container.
8
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM328
![Page 9: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
329
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
EARTH-MATERIAL TEMPERATURES CHART
Tem
pera
ture
Tem
pera
ture
Tem
pera
ture
Tem
pera
ture
Tem
pera
ture
chan
geTe
mpe
ratu
rech
ange
Tem
pera
ture
chan
geTe
mpe
ratu
rech
ange
3-m
inut
e in
terv
als
T
ime
S
and
S
oil
W
ate
r
A
ir
9Lab Notebook page 14
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM329
![Page 10: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
330
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
EARTH-MATERIAL TEMPERATURES GRAPH
10Lab Notebook page 15
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM330
![Page 11: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
331
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
EARTH-MATERIAL TEMPERATURES QUESTIONS
1. Which material heated up themost in 15 minutes?
2. Which material heated up theleast in 15 minutes?
3. Which material cooled off thefastest?
4. Which material cooled off theslowest?
5. Did all four earth materialsreceive the same amount of solarenergy? Support your answer.
6. Which properties of the earthmaterials do you think may havecaused the temperaturedifferences?
11
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM331
![Page 12: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
332
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
HOT-WATER INQUIRY
• Each group can have two cups,two vials, and four thermometers.
• You may reorganize into pairs ifyou choose to.
• When you have decided on theprocedure you will use, go to thewater station for the hot and coldwater samples you need.
• Keep records of your procedureand data as your experimentprogresses.
12
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM332
![Page 13: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
333
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
HOT-WATER SETUP
1. Work in teams of two.
2. Get a vial, a cup, and twothermometers.
3. Fill the vial with cold water andthe cup half full with hot saltwater.
4. Measure and record thetemperature of both watersamples.
5. Figure out how to warm the coldwater without mixing it with thesalt water.
6. Try to get water that is 30°C.
13
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM333
![Page 14: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
334
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
CONDUCTION THROUGH MATERIALS
1. Position a temperaturestrip on the steel barclose to one end.Tape it in place.
2. Prepare the aluminumbar in the same way.
3. Fill the plastic-foam cuphalf full with hot water.Place it in the tallclear plastic cup.
4. Place the bars in thewater with thetemperaturestrips up.
14Lab Notebook page 19
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM334
![Page 15: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
335
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
CALCULATING DENSITY
The question to ask yourself is, “What is the mass of1 cc of the solution?” That’s what densityis...grams per cubic centimeter.
To find out, divide the mass of the sample by thevolume of the sample.
Another way to think about density is, “I know themass of 45 cc of this solution. One-45th of thesample is 1 cc. To find the mass of 1/45 of thesample, I divide the mass of the sample by 45.”
M (g)
V (cc)
132 g
120 ccD2 = = = 1.1 g/cc
M (g)
V (cc)
54 g
45 ccD1 = = = 1.2 g/cc
Mass
VolumeDensity =
15
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM335
![Page 16: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
336
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air.
Saturate means to fill up completely.
Relative humidity gives a measure of water vapor in theair compared to how much water vapor is needed tosaturate the volume of air. Relative humidity is measuredas a percentage.
Example
Suppose 1 kg of air at 25°C can hold 20 g of water vapor.If it is holding only 10 g of water vapor, it is holding halfas much as it can. The relative humidity is 50%.
10 g / 20 g = 0.5 100 ✕ 0.5 = 50%
• When temperature increases and the amount of watervapor stays the same, the relative humidity decreases.
• When temperature stays the same but water vaporincreases, relative humidity increases.
• Warm air can hold more water vapor than cooler air.
• Air under low pressure holds more water vapor than airunder higher pressure.
16
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM336
![Page 17: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
337
1° 2° 3° 4° 5° 6° 7° 8° 9° 10° 11° 12° 13° 14° 15° 16° 17° 18° 19° 20° –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
67 3569 39 971 43 1573 48 2074 49 2576 52 29 777 55 33 1278 57 37 1779 60 40 2281 62 43 26 881 64 46 29 1383 66 49 33 1784 68 52 37 22 784 70 55 40 26 1285 71 57 43 29 1686 72 58 45 33 20 786 73 60 48 35 24 1187 74 62 50 38 26 1587 75 63 51 40 29 19 888 76 64 53 42 32 22 1288 77 66 55 44 34 24 15 689 78 67 56 46 36 27 18 989 78 68 58 48 39 29 21 1289 79 69 59 50 41 32 23 15 790 79 70 60 51 42 34 26 18 1090 80 71 61 53 44 36 27 20 13 690 81 71 63 54 46 38 30 23 15 890 81 72 64 55 47 40 32 25 18 1191 82 73 65 57 49 41 34 27 20 14 791 82 74 65 58 50 43 36 29 22 16 1091 83 74 66 59 51 44 37 31 24 18 12 691 83 75 67 60 53 46 39 32 26 20 14 992 83 76 68 61 54 47 40 34 28 22 17 11 692 84 76 69 62 55 48 42 36 30 24 19 13 892 84 77 69 62 56 49 43 37 31 26 20 15 10 592 84 77 70 63 57 50 44 39 33 28 22 17 12 892 85 78 71 64 58 51 45 40 34 29 24 19 14 10 592 85 78 71 65 58 52 47 41 36 31 26 21 16 12 793 85 78 72 65 59 53 48 42 37 32 27 22 18 13 9 593 86 79 72 66 60 54 49 43 38 33 28 24 19 15 11 793 86 79 73 67 61 55 50 44 39 35 30 25 21 17 13 9 593 86 80 73 67 61 56 51 45 40 36 31 27 22 18 14 11 793 86 80 74 68 62 57 51 46 41 37 32 28 24 20 16 12 9 593 87 80 74 68 63 57 52 47 42 38 33 29 25 21 17 14 10 793 87 81 75 69 63 58 53 48 43 39 35 30 28 23 19 15 12 8 593 87 81 75 69 64 59 54 49 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 17 13 10 7
Relative humidity (%)
Difference between wet- and dry-bulb temperature (°C)
Dry-bulbtemp.(°C)
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
HUMIDITY CALCULATOR
17
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM337
![Page 18: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
338
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
TEMPERATURE NUMBER LINE
–10
–8–6
–4–2
02
46
810
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
18Lab Notebook page 41
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM338
![Page 19: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
339
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
RAINDROPS AND CLOUD DROPLETS
19
Typical cloud droplet(0.02 mm in diameter)
enlarged 100 times
Typical raindrop(2 mm in diameter)enlarged 100 times
Actual size oftypical raindrops
(2 mm in diameter)
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM339
![Page 20: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
340
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
UPPER-AIR SOUNDING GRAPH
0° 10° 20° 30° 40°-10°-20°-30°-40°-50°-60°-70°-80°-90° 50°
20Lab Notebook page 40
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM340
![Page 21: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
341
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
UPPER-AIR SOUNDING GRAPH FOR OAKLAND
0° 10° 20° 30° 40°-10°-20°-30°-40°-50°-60°-70°-80°-90° 50°
Altitude(m)
Air temp.(°C)
Dew point(°C)
3 12 10 150 13 11 300 14 10 600 20 10 800 21 8 900 20 81200 18 61800 14 –52200 11 –43200 7 –154000 1 –224500 –2 –204900 –5 –135830 –12 –17
1000 m
2000 m
3000 m
4000 m
5000 m
6000 m
21
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM341
![Page 22: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
342
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
UPPER-AIR SOUNDING GRAPH FOR OAKLAND (finished)
22
0° 10° 20° 30° 40°-10°-20°-30°-40°-50°-60°-70°-80°-90° 50°
Altitude(m)
Air temp.(°C)
Dew point(°C)
3 12 10 150 13 11 300 14 10 600 20 10 800 21 8 900 20 81200 18 61800 14 –52200 11 –43200 7 –154000 1 –224500 –2 –204900 –5 –135830 –12 –17
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Dew point
Air temperature 1000 m
2000 m
3000 m
4000 m
5000 m
6000 m
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM342
![Page 23: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
343
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
EARTH: THE WATER PLANET
OceansOceansOceansOceansOceans97.24%97.24%97.24%97.24%97.24%
Icecaps andglaciers2.14%
Groundwater0.61%
Other(less than 1%)
Freshwaterlakes
0.009%
Inlandseas
0.008%
Soilmoisture0.005%
Atmosphere0.001%
Rivers0.0001%
23
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM343
![Page 24: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
344
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
WATER-CYCLE GAME TALLY
Animal
Atmosphere
Glacier
Groundwater
Lake
Ocean
Plant
River
Soil
Location Round 1 total Round 2 total Round 3 total
24
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM344
![Page 25: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
345
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
PRESSURE INDICATOR
1. Get a jar, a bottle, anda rubber stopper andplastic tube.
2. Fill the bottle halfwaywith dyed water.
3. Press the rubberstopper into the bottle.The lower end of theclear tube should be inthe water.
4. Place the bottle on thejar lid. Position theplastic jar over thebottle and screw it ontothe lid tightly.
25
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM345
![Page 26: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
346
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
GAS IN A SYRINGE
26
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM346
![Page 27: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
347
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
WIND-MODEL REVIEW QUESTIONS
Does the model demonstrate
1. How wind starts?
2. How the Sun is involved?
3. Energy transfer by radiation,conduction, and convection?
4. Differential heating?
5. Air pressure and air density?
6. How wind moves across Earth’ssurface?
27
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM347
![Page 28: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
348
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
WIND CONCEPTS
• Differential heating and coolingaffects energy transfer to andfrom the atmosphere.
• Warm air expands and is lessdense. Cool air contracts and isdenser.
• Rising warm air and sinking coolair produce convection currents.
• Dense air produces high-pressureareas; less-dense air produceslow-pressure areas.
• Differences in atmosphericpressure cause air to move.
• Air moving across Earth’s surfaceis wind.
28
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM348
![Page 29: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
349
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
PRESSURE MAP OF THE U.S.
29Lab Notebook page 53
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM349
![Page 30: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
350
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
NORTH AMERICAN AIR MASSES
Continental (c): related to the landMaritime (m): related to the ocean or seaPolar (P): areas near the poles, including Canada and the Arctic OceanTropical (T): areas in the tropics; Gulf of Mexico, Mexico, and the southwestern UnitedStates.
AAAAA
BBBBBCCCCC
DDDDD
EEEEE
FFFFF
30
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM350
![Page 31: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
351
Cold Front
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
FRONTS
Warm Front
500 km
Cumulonimbus
Cumulus
Cirrus
Cumulus
1000 km
31
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM351
![Page 32: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
352
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
SAMPLE WEATHER-MAP SYMBOL
52 035
38
Temperature(52°F)
Pressure(1003.5 mb)
Precipitation(light rain)
Cloud cover(overcast)
Wind(from east, 25 knots)
Dew point(38°F)
(10)(10)
(5)
Clear Trace Scattered Half Complete Data Fog Haze clouds overcast cloud cover missing
M
Cloud cover
32
Other weather-map symbols
Thunder Thunderstorm Severe Light Heavy Light Heavy only thunderstorm rain rain snow snow
✷ ✷ ✷ ✷
✷ ✷
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM352
![Page 33: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
353
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
SURFACE OBSERVATIONS
33
Sea
ttle
Po
rtla
nd
Lo
s A
ng
eles
Den
ver
Alb
uq
uer
qu
e
Au
stin
Okl
aho
ma
Cit
y
Kan
sas
Cit
y
Min
nea
po
lis
Det
roit
Pit
tsb
urg
h
New
Yo
rk C
ity
Was
hin
gto
nC
inci
nn
ati
Mem
ph
is
Atl
anta
New
Orl
ean
s
Mia
mi
59
2
10
62
1
90
San
Fra
nci
sco
85
1
52 Ph
oen
ix
74
1
826
4 2
12
65
1
52
Bill
ing
s
69
1
92
61
24
07
3
24
55
2 1
77
63
2
11
76
2
27
75
2
37
Sal
t L
ake
Cit
y
Dal
las
63
2
42
69
2
42
St.
Lo
uis
66
2
18 Ch
icag
o
61
2
11
70
2
276
2 2
28
82
162
78
17
8
57
2
00
56
1
88
70
1
66
76
1
92
72
138
Wilm
ing
ton
82
16
2 Ch
arle
sto
n
73
15
2
75
18
6
74
2
17 Gra
nd
Isla
nd
Ab
erd
een
47
2
03
••B
ost
on
61
16
1
••
45
2
26
••
66
1
88
Cas
per
66
2
09
Bo
ise
76
2
23
Ho
ust
on
Las
Veg
as
Bis
mar
ck
Ban
go
r
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM353
![Page 34: TRANSPARENCY NO. EARTH’S-ATMOSPHERE QUESTIONS · HOT-WATER SETUP 1. Work in teams of two. 2. Get a vial, a cup, and two thermometers. 3. Fill the vial with cold water and the cup](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ecec3c3f8109c0d4b53ac86/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
TRANSPARENCY NO.
354
GOES-8 W
EATHER-SATELLITE I
MAGE
GOES-8 W
EATHER-SATELLITE I
MAGE
GOES-8 W
EATHER-SATELLITE I
MAGE
GOES-8 W
EATHER-SATELLITE I
MAGE
GOES-8 W
EATHER-SATELLITE I
MAGE
OCT
OCT
OCT
OCT
OCTOBER
OBER
OBER
OBER
OBER 1
8, 2000 2345Z w
ww.g
oes.
noaa.g
ov 1
8, 2000 2345Z w
ww.g
oes.
noaa.g
ov 1
8, 2000 2345Z w
ww.g
oes.
noaa.g
ov 1
8, 2000 2345Z w
ww.g
oes.
noaa.g
ov 1
8, 2000 2345Z w
ww.g
oes.
noaa.g
ov
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
WEATHER-SATELLITE IMAGE
34
12_TransMasters.pmd 12/28/07, 9:05 AM354