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Seminar

On

Transdermal Drug Delivery System

By Guidance

Mr. Gore Ashish Subhash Prof. Chemte .S.Z (M Pharm)

(F y M Pharm) Dept. of Pharmaceutics

Branch: QAT

Roll No. 7

PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

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Content

Introduction Structure of Skin Permeation Pathway Technique To Enhance Permeation Patches Basic Component of Patches Influencing Factor Evaluation Parameter Conclusion

PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

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Introduction

Definition

Distinct dosage form which when applied to intact skin, delivery of drug through the skin at rate controlling to systemic circulation

Delivery via Transdermal route is safe and convenient to achieve systemic effect

Advantages Avoid first pass metabolism Avoid GI incompatibility Grater patient compliance

Disadvantages Potent drug suitable Cosmetically non appealing Display irregular absorption

PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

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Structure of Skin

Anatomy and Physiology: It comprises

Epidermis: thickness 0.8mm on palm

and sole down & 0.06mm in eyelids

- viable epidermis (…..)

- stratum corneum (…..) Dermis: 3-5mm thickness Subcutaneous tissue:

TDD has to penetrate through all these three layers and reach to systemic circulation while in case of topical drug delivery only penetration through stratum corneum is essential

PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

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Permeation Pathway

Absorption of substances through the skin involves passive diffusion & has two diffusion routes to penetrate normal intact skin

Appendageal Route

• Transport via sweat gland and hair follicles with their associated sebaceous glands → Shunt Route

Epidermal Route

• Entry of drug cross horny layer by two potential microroutes, Transcellular Route Paracellular Route

PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

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Technique To Enhance Permeation

1. Chemical Enhancer

- acetone, DMSO, SLS, ethanol, dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl formamide, oleic acid, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol

2. Iontophoresis & Sonophoresis

3. Microneedle Array

- height 10-200µm, width 10-50µm

4. Stratum Corneal Removal

5. Pressure Waves

- used very short time 100ns- 1µs

PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

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Patches

For external use, which sticks to skin

Depending to use and action patches are classified as,

Epidermatical Patches• Not include

medicinal substances, protect from harmful influence

• Not irritant

Endermatical Patch• Include drug that

have therapeutic effect on patient skin

• Act on external layer on skin (antiseptic)

Diadermatical Patch• Includes medicinal

substances and that have special structure that ensure penetration through the skin

• Deeper layer & general effect on the skin

PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

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Basic Components

I. Polymer Matrix

II. Drug Substances

III. Penetration Enhancer

IV. Drug Reservoir

V. Backing Membrane:- metallic plastic laminate, occlusive base plate (aluminum foil)

VI. Rate Controlling Membrane:- chitosan

VII. Adhesive Layer:- silicon adhesive, polyisobutylene adhesive, polyacrylate base adhesive

VIII. Release Liner:- siliconized PVC, polypropylene, polyethylene terepthalate

PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

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Influencing Factors

Skin Age Skin Hydration Diffusion Coefficient Drug Concentration Partition Coefficient Molecular Size & Shape

- drug absorption is inversely proportional to molecular weight

PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

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Evaluation Parameters

o Thickness of Patch

- digital micrometer

- average thickness and standard deviation are determineo Percentage Moisture Content

- calcium chloride

% moisture content = [initial weight-final weight/final weight]×100o Percentage Moisture Uptake

- Saturated solution of Potassium Chloride

- room temp, RH 84% for 24 hrs

% moisture uptake = [initial weight-final weight/final weight]×100

…Continued PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

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o Drug Content

UV or HPLC technique o Shear Adhesion Test

- measure time to pull tape off

- longer time → greater shear adhesiono Peel Adhesion Test

- force require, 180º angle

- stainless steel plate or backing membrane plate and measureo In-vitro Drug Release Studies

- USP Apparatus V

- UV and HPLC analysis

PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

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In recent year, Transdermal Patches has vibrant development in pharmaceutical industry. In Pharm industry future progress on synthesis of prodrug, development of suitable enhancer, solve irritation problem, cutaneous metabolism.

Conclusion

PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

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PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

Novel Drug Delivery System by Dr. Dheeraj T. Baviskar and Dr. Dinesh K. Jain, Nirali Prakashan First Edition-July-2012, Page no. 6.1-6.36

Reference

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Thank You !

PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat