training in household air pollution and...
TRANSCRIPT
Training in Household Air Pollution and MonitoringParo, Bhutan • 21 - 25 March 2016
Household Air PollutionHands-On Activity
SOURC
E
EMISSIONS
CONC.
EXPO
SURE
DOSE
HEA
LTH
EFFE
CTS
SOURC
E
EMISSIONS
CONC.
EXPO
SURE
DOSE
HEA
LTH
EFFE
CTS
Source HealthEffects
The Devices We Will Use
The Devices We Will Use flow rateis important
large particles
air withonly PM2.5
to filter
sample
Flow rate gives you the volume of your sample
mass -> concentration
It also determines size fraction of particles in your sample:
Air pulled through the cyclone before it goes to the filter using a pump set at a very specific flow rate Flow speed through cyclone determines particle size that is collected on the filter
The Devices We Will Use flow rateis important
PM2.5
large particles
air withonly PM2.5
to filter
sample
The Devices We Will Use flow rateis important
large particles
air withonly PM2.5
to filter
sample
PM>10
The Devices We Will Use rotameter & its calibration
Float
Rotameter(tapered tube)
Flow = volume air moved / time
Rotameter measures flow of a gas in a tapered tube
Because tube is tapered, a greater amount of force is needed to keep the ball afloat higher in the tube
The ratio of this force to the volume of gas is dependent on the density of the gas (why?)
Thus, the flow reading will vary with temperature and pressure
gravity
100
50
0
The Devices We Will Use rotameter & its calibration
Float
Rotameter(tapered tube)
Flow = volume air moved / time
Rotameter measures flow of a gas in a tapered tube
Because tube is tapered, a greater amount of force is needed to keep the ball afloat higher in the tube
The ratio of this force to the volume of gas is dependent on the density of the gas (why?)
Thus, the flow reading will vary with temperature and pressure
flow
gravity
100
50
0
The Devices We Will Use
Piston
BIOS Cylinder
Timing Stop Point
Timing Start Point
Edward Morrell, VP of Engineering - BIOS
Measures movement of air through a cylinder of known volume (direct measure)
Piston accelerates to the timing start point
Timing begins
Timing stops after piston reaches location of known volume
rotameter & its calibration
The Devices We Will Use
y"="0.0135x"+"0.2565R²"="0.9985
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Flow%%(L/min)
Rotameter%Scale%(mm)
rotameter & its calibration
Flow = [0.0135 * (rotameter reading)] + 0.2565
PATS+ Measures PM2.5, temperature, humidity
Lascar CO Measures Carbon Monoxide
SUMS Measures stove temperature; from this, we can derive stove usage
The Devices We Will Use realtime
The Devices We Will UsePump Pulls air into cyclone and through the filter
Rotameter Measures flow rate of pump; allows us to quantify and adjust flow through the cyclone and filter in the field Cyclone
Primary Flow Calibrator Gold-standard measure of flow rate used to directly calibrate pumps, or to calibrate non-primary-std. flow meters
Mechanically selects for PM smaller than 2.5µm in diameter
Filter Captures pollution from the air sample
SKC Personal
Pump
1.5 LPM (PM2.5)
gravimetric
Instrument Placement in Homes
1.0 m from center of stove combustion zone
Represents general cooking area
1.5 m above the floor Relates to the approximate breathing
height of a standing person
Standard height needed due to vertical stratification of indoor air pollutants
Floor is defined as the lowest predominant point in the kitchen
At least 1.0 m from doors and windows when possible
1.0 m from center of stove
combustion zone
1.5 m above the floor
Instrument Placement Activity
1.0 m
1.5 m
Field Forms
Training in Household Air Pollution and MonitoringParo, Bhutan • 21 - 25 March 2016