traffic and mobility psychology/education insights on children’s behaviour
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Traffic and mobility psychology/education Insights on children’s behaviour. Mobiel 21 – March 2008 Elke Bossaert, Lies Lambert. Contents. Children ≠ small adults Traffic & mobility education How and why of campaigns such as the Traffic Snake Game. Children ≠ small adults. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Traffic and mobility psychology/educationInsights on children’s behaviour
Mobiel 21 – March 2008Elke Bossaert, Lies Lambert
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Contents
1. Children ≠ small adults
2. Traffic & mobility education
3. How and why of campaigns
such as the Traffic Snake Game
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Children ≠ small adults
• Move in and through traffic in a different way,
• different perception,• different way of thinking,• different way of handling,• but ready and eager to learn!
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Perceiving / Perception
• Seeing– Children have a different point of view….literally
• Hearing– Directions are difficult and hard to determine
• Attention– Experiencing the world from a self-centred point of
view
– Attention is diversified; before the age of 8 it is difficult, if not impossible to give attention to the most important things in traffic
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Perceiving / Perception (2)
Viewing behaviour of a 9-year old without cycling experience (number of fixation = 13 )
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Perceiving / Perception (3)
Viewing behaviour of a 9-year old with cycling experience (number of fixation = 4 )
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Thinking
• Magical Thinking– Magical thinking is a child's belief that what he or
she wishes or expects can affect what really happens
– Till the age of 4 to 5, reality and fantasy seem to collide with each other
– Difficulty to understand that what they want is not always what they will get
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Thinking (2)
• Magical Thinking (2)– Example: a car approaching
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Thinking (3)
• Egocentric thinking– Normal tendency for a young child
– See everything that happens as it relates to him or herself. This is not selfishness.
– Young children are unable to understand different points of view
– Example: I see the car approaching...
– From research it is clear that only from the age of about 12 a clear distinction is made between what you see and being seen
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Thinking (4)
• Conditional logic and thinking– From the age of 7 or 8 most children are in a
position to start thinking about conditions
– Able to estimate timings• Example: car approaching, when to cross the road
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Thinking (5)
• Conditional logic and thinking (2)– Children under 8 years old, see the movements,
know how it works, but don’t see the proces• Example: seeing a car approaching, timing when it
will cross, seeing the process of a car needing distance to come to a full stop
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Acting
• Motoral compentence– Under the age of 6 any motoral activity
such as walking demands all the attention.
– Motoral skills are still developing• Example: crossing a street and stepping
onto a high pavement
– Learning to cycle is an even more complex task.
• Example: first learning how to move in a moving environment
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Acting (2)
• Play– The outside world is one big play arena– Traffic, zebra crossings, high pavements
are all challenges that need to be explored as in a game
• Knowing and doing– From the age of 6 children are ready to learn
traffic regulations. However a lot of practice is needed to create an automatism
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Acting (3)
• Impulsivity– 2 big groups of children show riskful behaviour:
• The big mouths• The scary crows
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Learning
• Children learn easily• Learn most of all by imitating
behaviour• Role of champions, teachers
and most of all parents!
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Learning (2)
Procedural Declarative
knowledge knowledge
Affective
knowledge
Knowing that… E.g. a green light means safe to go
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Learning (3)
Procedural Declarative
knowledge knowledge
Affective
knowledge
Knowing how... E.g. a green light means safe to go, yet I must look first at the left, than at the right, than at the left again ==> knowing in interaction with environment!
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Learning (4)
Procedural Declarative
knowledge knowledge
Affective
knowledge
Subjective relation to real-life interactionsE.g. confidence and faith in riding a bike E.g. what to do when a car is wrongly parked in the bike lane
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Learning (5)
Procedural Declarative
knowledge knowledge
Affective
knowledge
INTERACTION !!! Complex relationship between these aspects. Interaction with real-life, experiences and expectations are crucial. Metacognitive skills and knowledge (planning, strategies!)
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Traffic and mobility education
• Traditional traffic education– Safety education, no correlation with environment– To adapt children as weak traffic participants -safety
and prevention of accidents– By reglementation, adapting to the system, fear,
attentivity– In class
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Traffic and mobility education (2)
• Contemporary mobility education– Traffic AND mobility– Safety education but also ecological topics,
sustainability, autonomy, health – To have children as active traffic participants – Children as pedestrians and cyclists– Child‘s perspective small adult perspective– From learning in a classroom over a safe and
protected environment to learning in real life situations and in real traffic
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Traffic and mobility education (3)
• Mobility education is consciously thinking of the different modes of transport, their advantages and disadvantages
• Learning by doing• Learning by imitation
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Why campaigns like the TSG?
• Putting traffic and mobility (education) in the picture: – showing the importance
to the parents– showing the
neighbourhood
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Why campaigns like the TSG? (2)
• Cooperation, collaboration with parents (imitation function!)
• Successful triangle: parents, teachers, pupils
• Cooperation and collaboration with local government is a motivator
CONNECT – Developing & Disseminating Excellent Mobility Management Measures for Young People
Why campaigns like the TSG? (3)
• Can be a mere campaign. But even then: a lot of parties involved!
• Can be a stepping stone for traffic and mobility education
• Can be a stepping stone for traffic and mobility issues beyond education