tradicijske sorte i pasmine dalmacijee sorte i pasmine dalmacije

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T R A D I C I J S K E S O R T E I P A S M I N E D A L M A C I J E2

Impresum

TRADICIJSKESORTEIPASMINEDALMACIJE

NAKLADNIK

Program Ujedinjenih naroda za razvoj

ZANAKLADNIKA

Sandra VlaiLouisa Vinton

SUNAKLADNICI

Dravni zavod za zatitu prirodeJavna ustanova Nacionalni park KrkaZadarska upanija

Javna ustanova ReraSD za koordinaciju irazvoj Splitsko - dalmatinske upanijeDubrovako - neretvanska upanija

GLAVNIIODGOVORNIUREDNICI

Roman Ozimec, Snjeana Mihinica

AUTORIRoman Ozimec

Jasminka Karoglan Konti

Edi MaletiZdravko MatotanFrane Striki

RECENZENTI

oni Nikoli, Martin Schneider , Borut Stumberger

Veliku zahvalnost dugujemo iznimnom prirodoslovcuMartinu Schneideru (1956.2012.) koji je svojim stru-nim komentarima i savjetima sudjelovao u recenziji ove

knjige. Martin Schneider bio je jedan od rijetkih biolo-ga koji je jo prije trideset godina upozoravao na ulogu i

vanost tradicijskih sorti i pasmina u zatiti prirode.

LEKTURAJuliette Janui

PRIJEVODILEKTURAENGLESKOGTEKSTAGraham McMaster

AUTORIFOTOGRAFIJA

Sandro Bogdanovi, Ljiljana Boroveki Voska, IvanBura, Ivo Kara Pei, Gordana Koari Silov, Ivica

Loli, Edi Maleti, Semir Maslo, Zdravko Matotan,

Bojan Mazanek, Tomas Mravii, oni Nikoli,Roman Ozimec, Ana Peraica, Ivo Pervan, DarkoPetanjek, Gordana Petrovi, Mira Raduni, Ivan

Rai, Frane Striki, Borut Stumberger, Marija evar,Stanislav tambuk

OBLIKOVANJEIPRIPREMAZATISAK

Kudos studio

IDEJNORJEENJENASLOVNICEKreimir Kraljevi


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4/86T R A D I C I J S K E S O R T E I P A S M I N E D A L M A C I J E4

ILUSTRACIJANASLOVNICE

Vedran Klemens

TISAK

iskara Zelina d.d.

NAKLADA

1 000 primjeraka

Priprema knjige u cijelosti je financirana od strane Pro-grama Ujedinjenih naroda za razvoj (UNDP-a) u Hr-

vatskoj i Globalnog fonda za okoli (GEF-a), a u okvi-ru provedbe COAS projekta (Conservation and Su-stainable Use of Biodiversity in the Dalmatian Coast

through Greening Coastal Development Project

ID 00050301 PIMS 2439). isak publikacije finan-cijski su potpomogli Javna ustanova Nacionalni parkKrka, Zadarska upanija, Javna ustanova ReraSD za

koordinaciju i razvoj Splitsko-dalmatinske upanije teDubrovako-neretvanska upanija.

Program Ujedinjenih naroda za razvoj (UNDP) svjet-

ska je mrea UN-a za razvoj, organizacija koja zago-vara promjene i povezivanje drava sa znanjem, isku-stvom te potencijalima kako bi se graanima omogu-

ilo izgraditi bolji ivot. Djeluje u 177 drava poma-ui im da nau v lastita rjeenja za izazove globalnogi nacionalnog razvoja. Razvojem lokalnih kapaciteta

te se drave oslanjaju na mreu UNDP-ovih stru-njaka i irok raspon partnera.

U ovoj publikaciji iznesena su miljenja autora i nu-

no ne predstavljaju slubeno stajalite UNDP-a.

Umnoavanje ove publikacije ili njezinih dijelova u

bilo kojem obliku, kao i distribucija, nisu dozvoljeni

bez prethodnog pisanog odobrenja nakladnika.

ISBN 978-953-7429-51-5

CIP zapis je dostupan u raunalnome katalogu Naci-onalne i sveuiline knjinice u Zagrebu pod brojem

000901673.


5/86T R A D I C I J S K E S O R T E I P A S M I N E D A L M A C I J E 5

COVERILLUSTRATION

Vedran Klemens

PRINTING

iskara Zelina d.d.

PRINTORDER

1 000 copies

Te preparation of this book was fully financed by theUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

in Croatia and Global Environment Fund (GEF), aspart of the COAS project (Conservation and Su-stainable Use of Biodiversity in the Dalmatian Coast

through Greening Coastal Development Project

ID 00050301 PIMS 2439). Te printing of this publi-cation was financially supported by: Public InstitutionKrka National Park, Zadar County, Public Institution

ReraSD for coordination and development of Split-Dalmatia County and Dubrovnik-Neretva County.

UNDP is a world-wide UN network for development,

an organisation that champions changes and theconnecting of states with the knowledge, experien-ce and potentials to enable their citizens to build at

better life. It is at work in 177 states, helping them tofind their own solutions for the challenges of globaland national development. With the development of

local capacities, the states can draw on the network ofUNDP experts and a wide range of partners.

Te opinions of the authors stated in this publication do

not necessarily reflect the official viewpoint of UNDP.

Reproduction of this publication or parts of it in any

form and distribution of the same are not permitted

without prior written approval from the publisher.

ISBN 978-953-7429-51-5

CIP file available in the digital catalogue of the Nati-onal Library in Zagreb, file number 000901673.


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Sadraj/Contents

S/C ..........................................................................................................................................

P () / F ()................................................................................

P () / F ()......................................................................................

A /

/ (R. Ozimec)................................................................................

A.1. Povijesne i geografske osnove Dalmacije/Historical and

geographical foundations of Dalmatia .........................................................

A.2. Geoloka, hidrogeomorfoloka i krajobrazna podlogaDalmacije/Geological, hydrological, geomorphological and

landscape background of Dalmatia .................................................................

A.3. Klima i vegetacija Dalmacije/Climate and vegetation in

Dalmatia .........................................................................................................................................

A.4. Stanina i bioloka raznolikost Dalmacije/ Habitat and

biological diversity in Dalmatia ...........................................................................

A.5. Razvoj poljoprivrede u Dalmaciji/ Development of

agriculture in Dalmatia ..................................................................................................

A.6. Genetika osnova i nastanak sorti i pasmina Dalmacije/Genetic foundation and origin of varieties and breeds in

Dalmatia .........................................................................................................................................

A.7. Zakonski okvir za sorte i pasmine Dalmacije/ Legislative

background for varieties and breeds of Dalmatia ............................

A.8. Ukupna agrobioraznolikost Dalmacije i vanost njenog

ouvanja/ Overall agrobiodiversity of Dalmatia and the

importance of its preservation ...............................................................................

A.9. Povijesni pregled istraivanja agrobioraznolikosti

Dalmacije/ Historical survey of research into theagrobiodiversity of Dalmatia ...................................................................................

6

12

14

16

18

24

30

36

42

48

54

60

66

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78

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106

108

110

112

114

116

120

121

122

123

124

A.10. Sorte i pasmine Dalmacije, osnova tradicijskih proizvoda/

Varieties and breeds of Dalmatia, the foundation oftraditional products .........................................................................................................

A.11. Osobna prirodoslovna karta Dalmacije i Hrvatske/ A

physicogeographical ID of Dalmatia and Croatia ..........................

L/R .......................................................................................................

B

S .............................................................................................................................................

M (F.Striki)..................................................................................................................................

P D ....................................................................

Bjelica .......................................................................................................................................................

Buharica ................................................................................................................................................

Crnica .......................................................................................................................................................

Drobnica ...............................................................................................................................................

Karbunela .........................................................................................................................................

Krvavica .................................................................................................................................................

Lastovka ................................................................................................................................................

Levantinka ..........................................................................................................................................

Lumbardeka ...................................................................................................................................

Oblica .......................................................................................................................................................

Duica ......................................................................................................................................................

Grozdaa ...............................................................................................................................................

Jeruzalemka .......................................................................................................................................

Kosmaa ................................................................................................................................................

Murgulja ................................................................................................................................................


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T R A D I C I J S K E S O R T E I P A S M I N E D A L M A C I J E 7

Patrica ....................................................................................................................................................

Piculja .......................................................................................................................................................

Sitnica .......................................................................................................................................................

Uljarica ....................................................................................................................................................

Velika lastovka .................................................................................................................................

Brindianka ........................................................................................................................................

Divljaka ...................................................................................................................................................

L .............................................................................................................................................

V (J. Karoglan Konti & E. Maleti)........................................................

P D .....................................................................

Babica ........................................................................................................................................................

Babi ...........................................................................................................................................................

Bogdanua ............................................................................................................................................

Bratkovina bijela ...........................................................................................................................

Cetinka .....................................................................................................................................................

Cipar ...........................................................................................................................................................

Crljenak katelanski ..................................................................................................................

Crljenak viki ....................................................................................................................................

Debit ...........................................................................................................................................................

Dobrii ..................................................................................................................................................

Drnekua ...............................................................................................................................................

Gegi ...........................................................................................................................................................

Glavinua ...............................................................................................................................................

Grk ................................................................................................................................................................

Krstievica ............................................................................................................................................

Kujundua .........................................................................................................................................

Lasina ........................................................................................................................................................

Ljutun .......................................................................................................................................................

Malvasija dubrovaka ..............................................................................................................

Maratina ..............................................................................................................................................

Mladenka .............................................................................................................................................

Mukat rua ......................................................................................................................................

Ninua ..................................................................................................................................................

Palagruanka bijela ..................................................................................................................

Petovka ...................................................................................................................................................

Plavac mali .........................................................................................................................................

Plavina ....................................................................................................................................................

Poip bijeli ..........................................................................................................................................

Pr ................................................................................................................................................................

Vlaka ......................................................................................................................................................

Vugava bijela ....................................................................................................................................

Zlatarica blatska ...........................................................................................................................

Zlatarica vrgorska .......................................................................................................................

ilavka .....................................................................................................................................................

L ............................................................................................................................................

V (F. Striki, dijelom R.Ozimec)........................................................

iula (F. Striki & R. Ozimec) ......................................................................................

Domaa iula............................................................................................................................

Roga...........................................................................................................................................................

Komiki ............................................................................................................................................

ipanski ...........................................................................................................................................

Puljiki ..............................................................................................................................................

Bogli ..................................................................................................................................................

Medunac .........................................................................................................................................

ipak ...........................................................................................................................................................

Barski slatki .................................................................................................................................

Dubrovaki kasni ..................................................................................................................

Glava .................................................................................................................................................

125

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Konjski zub ..................................................................................................................................

Sladun ...............................................................................................................................................

Zamorski ........................................................................................................................................

Slatki tankokorac ..................................................................................................................

erbeta ...........................................................................................................................................

Karadervi .....................................................................................................................................

Mojdeki krupnozrni ........................................................................................................

ipak crnog zuba ...................................................................................................................

Murva (F. Striki & R. Ozimec) .....................................................................................

Domaa crna i bijela murva ......................................................................................

Smokva ....................................................................................................................................................

Bjelica ................................................................................................................................................

Petrovaa bijela .......................................................................................................................

araguja ...........................................................................................................................................

Termenjaa ..................................................................................................................................

Zamorica ......................................................................................................................................

Bruetka crna ............................................................................................................................

Vodenjaa ......................................................................................................................................

Crnica ................................................................................................................................................

Petrovaa crna ..........................................................................................................................

Zimica ................................................................................................................................................

Zlatna smokva ..........................................................................................................................

etrun (F. Striki & R. Ozimec) ....................................................................................

Domai etrun .........................................................................................................................

Limun (R. Ozimec) .....................................................................................................................

Mandarina ............................................................................................................................................

Zorica rana ...................................................................................................................................

Narana ...................................................................................................................................................

Kuparka ...........................................................................................................................................

Katarinka .......................................................................................................................................

Gorka narana (R. Ozimec) ...............................................................................................

Bajam .........................................................................................................................................................

arski kasni ................................................................................................................................

Knez rnomir .............................................................................................................................

Princeza smokvika ............................................................................................................

Smokviki polumeki .......................................................................................................

Sutivanski ......................................................................................................................................

upski ................................................................................................................................................

Nepola (F. Striki & R. Ozimec) .................................................................................

Domaa krupna nepola ...............................................................................................

Oskorua .(F. Striki & R. Ozimec)..............................................................................

Domaa oskorua .................................................................................................................

Trenja ......................................................................................................................................................

Tugarka ............................................................................................................................................

Gomilika ......................................................................................................................................

Stonska .............................................................................................................................................

Stonska duge peteljke ......................................................................................................

Vinja maraska ................................................................................................................................

Bra-2 .................................................................................................................................................

Bra-6 .................................................................................................................................................

Poljika .............................................................................................................................................

Recta ...................................................................................................................................................

Sokolua ..........................................................................................................................................

Pendula ............................................................................................................................................

Visulja ................................................................................................................................................

Vodica ................................................................................................................................................

Jabuka (R. Ozimec) .....................................................................................................................

rnovska .........................................................................................................................................

Trlja (F. Striki & R. Ozimec) .............................................................................................

Domaa trlja ............................................................................................................................ L .............................................................................................................................................

235

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T R A D I C I J S K E S O R T E I P A S M I N E D A L M A C I J E 9

P (Z. Matotan, dijelom R.Ozimec) ................................................................

P D .....................................................................

Dinja (R. Ozimec)........................................................................................................................

Paka dinja ...................................................................................................................................

Artioka ..................................................................................................................................................

Hvarska artioka ....................................................................................................................

Endivija ...................................................................................................................................................

Dalmatinska kopica ...........................................................................................................

Salata ..........................................................................................................................................................

Dalmatinska ledenka ........................................................................................................

Brokula ....................................................................................................................................................

upski kavulin ..........................................................................................................................

Cvjetaa ...................................................................................................................................................

Trogirska srednje rana cvjetaa .............................................................................

Kupus (R. Ozimec) ......................................................................................................................

Sinjski kupus ..............................................................................................................................

egarski kupus ........................................................................................................................

Ratika ......................................................................................................................................................

Domaa ratika .......................................................................................................................

Blitva (R. Ozimec) .......................................................................................................................

Domaa blitva ..........................................................................................................................

enjak ....................................................................................................................................................

Ljubitovaki enjak ..........................................................................................................

Polaki ozimi enjak .......................................................................................................

Kozjak .......................................................................................................................................................

Domaa ljutika ........................................................................................................................

Luk ................................................................................................................................................................

Dolaka kapulica ...................................................................................................................

Konavljanska kapula (R. Ozimec) .......................................................................

Bob ...............................................................................................................................................................

Domai bob .................................................................................................................................

Grah (R. Ozimec) ..........................................................................................................................

Grah roga ....................................................................................................................................

Sjekirica ..................................................................................................................................................

Domaa sjekirica ...................................................................................................................

Slanutak ..................................................................................................................................................

Domai krupnozrni slanutak ..................................................................................

Rajica ......................................................................................................................................................

ibenski ljivar .........................................................................................................................

L .............................................................................................................................................

R (R.Ozimec) ........................................................................

P D ......................................

Agava ..........................................................................................................................................................

Pitomi bro...........................................................................................................................................

Domai pitomi bro ...........................................................................................................

Buha .........................................................................................................................................................

Dalmatinski buha ..............................................................................................................

Brnistra ....................................................................................................................................................

Djetelina rumena .........................................................................................................................

Lea .............................................................................................................................................................

Domaa lea ...............................................................................................................................

Lucerka ....................................................................................................................................................

Mediteranska lucerka .......................................................................................................

Slanutak ..................................................................................................................................................

Domai sitnozrni slanutak .........................................................................................

Vuika bijela ......................................................................................................................................

Dalmatinska bijela vuika ...........................................................................................

Duhan .......................................................................................................................................................

Ravnjak .............................................................................................................................................

316

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T R A D I C I J S K E S O R T E I P A S M I N E D A L M A C I J E1 0

Duhan krak ......................................................................................................................................

Rui ...................................................................................................................................................

Krumpir ..................................................................................................................................................

Poiteljka ........................................................................................................................................

kuljevac .........................................................................................................................................

Jeam obini ......................................................................................................................................

Domai vieredni jeam ................................................................................................

Kostrika perasta .............................................................................................................................

Krin primorski ..............................................................................................................................

Kukuruz ..................................................................................................................................................

Domai tvrdunac ..................................................................................................................

Otrica primorska .......................................................................................................................

Pir pravi ...................................................................................................................................................

Domai pir ....................................................................................................................................

Penica tvrda brkulja ................................................................................................................

Dalmatinska tvrda brkulja ..........................................................................................

Ra ................................................................................................................................................................

Domaa ra ..................................................................................................................................

Sirak zrna ............................................................................................................................................

Domai sirak zrna .............................................................................................................

L .............................................................................................................................................

A, , , ,

(R.Ozimec) ................................................................................

P D ......................................

Smri obini .......................................................................................................................................

Smilje .........................................................................................................................................................

Indijska smokva .............................................................................................................................

Kapar ..........................................................................................................................................................

Riga ..............................................................................................................................................................

Dubrovaka riga .....................................................................................................................

Divlja riga ..............................................................................................................................................

Lovor ..........................................................................................................................................................

Otrolisna paroga ......................................................................................................................

Mirta ...........................................................................................................................................................

Ilirska perunika .............................................................................................................................. Sunovrat uti .....................................................................................................................................

upski uti sunovrat .........................................................................................................

Komora .................................................................................................................................................

Matar ..........................................................................................................................................................

Bosiljak ....................................................................................................................................................

Murtela .............................................................................................................................................

Kadulja ljekovita ............................................................................................................................

Primorska kadulja ................................................................................................................

Lavandin ................................................................................................................................................

Budrovka ........................................................................................................................................

Rumarin ...............................................................................................................................................

Uspravni rumarin ..............................................................................................................

Primorski vrisak ............................................................................................................................

Planika .....................................................................................................................................................

L .............................................................................................................................................

400

400

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404

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T R A D I C I J S K E S O R T E I P A S M I N E D A L M A C I J E 1 1

D (R.Ozimec) ..................................................................................................

P D .............................................................

Konj .............................................................................................................................................................

Dalmatinski buak ..............................................................................................................

Magarac ..................................................................................................................................................

Primorsko-dinarski magarac ...................................................................................

Govedo .....................................................................................................................................................

Bua ......................................................................................................................................................

Sivo dalmatinsko govedo ..............................................................................................

Ovca ............................................................................................................................................................

Dalmatinska pramenka ..................................................................................................

Dubrovaka ruda ...................................................................................................................

Paka ovca .....................................................................................................................................

Koza .............................................................................................................................................................

Hrvatska arena koza .......................................................................................................

Hrvatska bijela koza ..........................................................................................................

Svinja ..........................................................................................................................................................

ika .....................................................................................................................................................

Pas .................................................................................................................................................................

Dalmatinski pas ......................................................................................................................

Tornjak .............................................................................................................................................

Koko .........................................................................................................................................................

Dalmatinska koko .............................................................................................................

Puran ..........................................................................................................................................................

Dalmatinski puran ..............................................................................................................

Golub .........................................................................................................................................................

Dalmatinska zimovka ......................................................................................................

Medna pela .......................................................................................................................................

Mediteranska siva pela .................................................................................................

L .............................................................................................................................................

C

/ (R. Ozimec) .............................................................................................

D

P/ A .................................................................................................................................

Popis vrsta, podvrsta, hibrida, tradicijskih sorti i pasmina

Dalmacije / The list of species,subspecies, hybrids, traditional

varieties and breeds of Dalmatia ......................................................................................

Kazalo vrsta, podvrsta, hibrida, sorti i pasmina / The index of

species, subspecies, hybrids, varieties and breeds ....................................

484

492

494

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12/86


P ()

Drago itateljstvo,

Ujedinjeni narodi uveni su po svojoj nepristrano-sti te se nadam da moj status bive efice ProgramaUjedinjenih naroda za razvoj u Hrvatskoj nee bitiugroen kada kaem da je Dalmacija najljepe mje-sto u ovoj zemlji nebrojenih uda. Od prvog pogleda

na more koje blista meu stijenama i grmolikim ra-slinjem kada se sputate od tunela Sveti Rok, krajolikje jedinstven te brzo primijetite da su takve i biljke i

ivotinje, kultura i tradicija, hrana i glazba, ak i jezik

i smisao za humor koji su tijekom stotina godina na-stajali u ovom surovom okruenju.

Ponosna sam to e UNDP podijeliti s vama iscr-pan pregled poljoprivredne bioraznolikosti Dalmaci-je, ilustriran fotografijama koje pokazuju impresivnu

rasko ove regije.

Knjiga je osmiljena kako bi se itatelji upoznali s bo-

gatstvom i raznolikou prirode u Dalmaciji. Meutim,

ona nije samo za gledanje unato izvanrednim fotogra-fijama. akoer, nije izriito ni znanstvena studija, ia-ko se temelji na ozbiljnim istraivanjima. Ona je vie

od toga, to je poziv na zatitu, revitalizaciju i promo-ciju tradicijskih sorti kulturnog bilja i pasmina doma-ih ivotinja zbog kojih je Dalmacija tako raznolika i

jedinstvena regija i nad koju se sada nadvila prijetnjaindustrijalizirane poljoprivrede i klimatskih promjena.

Ova opsena publikacija pripremljena je uz potporuUNDP-a kao dio ireg, sedam milijuna dolara vrijed-nog projekta, koji je u razdoblju od 2006. do 2013. go-dine iznjedrio vie od 100 zelenih poslova u Dalmaciji.Vodili smo se idejom stvaranja modela za obiteljska gos-

podarstva koji e ukljuivati tri cilja: ouvanje prirodnogokolia i zatitu bioraznolikosti, stvaranje odrivih ivot-nih uvjeta za lokalne poljoprivrednike kako bi se uspori-

lo iseljavanje, te njegovanje specifinih dalmatinskih tra-

dicija, krajolika, hrane i kulture. Za regiju blagoslovlje-nu stotinama kilometara obale i kristalno istim Jadran-skim morem, zeleno poduzetnitvo je trajnija alternativa

suncu i moru kao glavnom turistikom adutu.

Na tim je temeljima i nastala knjiga radicijske sorte i

pasmine Dalmacije. Uz potporu UNDP-a, lokalni supoljoprivrednici meu ostalim vratili u ivot autohto-ne vinske sorte grk i palagruanka, maslinu sorte krva-

vica i govedo buu. Ovi napori nisu bili voeni isklju-

ivo nostalgijom ili jednostavnom eljom da se zatiteugroene sorte i pasmine osuene na polagano izumi-ranje. akoer su bili prisutni jaki gospodarski razlo-

zi. Kao prvo, autohtone sorte i pasmine su otpornije imanje zahtjevne za uzgoj od komercijalnih i uvoznihkultivara i vrsta te su bolje prilagoene ekstremnim

vremenskim uvjetima kao nesretnoj posljedici klimat-skih promjena. Drugo, autohtone sorte i pasmine mo-gu dati vrhunske proizvode namijenjene kupcima kojicijene izvorne dalmatinske brendove. Nae je iskustvo

pokazalo kako su kupci spremni platiti vie za lokalno

uzgojene masline, groe, smokve, vinje, ljekovito i za-insko bilje, posebno ako su ekolokog porijekla.

Bez sumnje, jedna je Dalmacija, no modeli zelenog po-duzetnitva uspostavljeni s lokalnim partnerima kroz

projekt UNDP-a daju nadu svim regijama jedinstve-nih ekosustava i prepoznatljivog lokalnog kolorita. Ka-talogizacija autohtonih sorti i pasmina koje odreuju

regiju samo je jedan od koraka prema njezinom zele-

nom razvoju, a ako e pomoi iteljima i donositeljimaodluka u razumijevanju vanosti nezamjenjivih prirod-nih bogatstava koja ih okruuju, takav popis moe biti

i kljuan poticaj za njihovo ouvanje i zatitu.

Mi u UNDP-u se nadamo kako e ova publikacija po-

duprijeti zelenu viziju razvoja Dalmacije: onu koja eomoguiti napredak istovremeno uvajui njezine pre-krasne panoramske vidike stada ovaca na ispai koja su

i zasluna za ime Dalmacija jo od vremena Ilira, masli-

nike i vinograde te jasan pogled na kamen i more kojeostavlja neizbrisiv trag u umu i srcu svakog posjetitelja.

Louisa VintonStalna predstavnica UNDP-a u Hrvatskoj

od 2010. do 2014.

Sadanja Stalna predstavnica UNDP-a uBivoj Jugoslavenskoj Republici Makedoniji


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F ()

Dear readers,

Te United Nations is renowned for its impartialityin world affairs, so I hope that it will not compromisemy status as the former head of the UN DevelopmentProgramme in Croatia to assert that Dalmatia is themost wondrous location in this country of uncount-

able wonders. From the first glimpse of the sea glis-tening among the rocks and scrub when you descendfrom the Sveti Rok tunnel, the landscape is unique

and so, you soon realize, are the plants and animals,

the culture and tradition, the cuisine and the mu-sic, even the language and sense of humor that haveemerged over centuries in these rugged surroundings.

It is with great pride that we at UNDP share with youthis comprehensive inventory of the agricultural bi-

odiversity of Dalmatia, illustrated with photographsthat convey the breathtaking grandeur of the region.

Tis book is designed to convey the richness and di-

versity of the Dalmatian natural environment toreaders. But this is not just a coffee table book, how-ever stunning the photos. And it is not just an aca-

demic study, however rigorous the science behind it.More than that, it is a call to action to protect, re-vitalize and promote the traditional varieties of crop

plants and the breeds of domestic animals, that havemade Dalmatia such a diverse and unique region and that now face the threat of competition from in-dustrialized agriculture and the ominous shadow of

climate change.

Tis comprehensive publication was prepared withUNDPs support as part of a broader USD 7-millionproject, which in the period from 2006-2013 helpedcreate more than 100 green businesses in Dalma-tia. Te thinking here was to create a model for fam-

ily businesses that would combine three goals: preserv-ing the natural environment and protecting biodiversi-ty; generating sustainable livelihoods for local farmers,

and thus slowing outward migration; and cultivating

specifically Dalmatian traditions, landscapes, cuisineand culture. For a region blessed with hundreds of kil-ometres of coastline and crystal-clear Adriatic waters,

green business was also viewed as a more durable al-ternative to generic sun and fun tourism.

raditional varieties and breeds featured large-ly in this effort. With UNDPs support, local farm-ers worked to reintroduce the Grk and Palagruanka

grape varieties, the Krvavica olive variety and the

Bua breed of cattle, just to name a few. Tese effortswere not driven by nostalgia, or by a simple desireto protect endangered varieties and breeds from the

slow march to extinction. Tere were strong econom-ic reasons, too. First, indigenous varieties and breedstend to be more resilient and less resource-intensive

than commercial and imported cultivars and species,and they are better suited to withstand the weatherextremes that are an unhappy consequence of climatechange. Second, native sorts and breeds can yield pre-

mium products that appeal to consumers seeking

distinctively Dalmatian brands. Our experience hasshown that people are willing to pay more for genu-inely local olives, grapes, figs, cherries and herbs, es-pecially when they have an organic pedigree.

Tere is only one Dalmatia, of course. But the greenmodels established with local partners through theUNDP project hold great promise for any region

with its own distinct ecosystem and its own distinct

local character. Cataloguing the native varieties andbreeds that define a region is just one step in buildinga rationale for a greener approach to development.

But it if helps residents and policy makers alike tounderstand the irreplaceable natural treasures aroundthem, such an inventory can serve as a crucial impulse

to protection and preservation.

Our hope at UNDP is that this publication will sup-

port a green vision of development for Dalmatia: one

that brings prosperity while preserving the vistas the grazing sheep that gave Dalmatia its name in Il-lyrian times, the olive groves and vineyards, the stark

views of stone and sea that leave such an indelibletrace in the mind and heart of any visitor.

Louisa Vinton,

UNDP Resident Representativein Croatia 2010-2014

Current UNDP Resident Representative

in FYR Macedonia


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Vei dio bioraznolikosti kakvu danas nalazimo u Eu-ropi nastala je meudjelovanjem prirode i ovjeka.Danas je ruralni prostor Hrvatske suoen s depopula-cijom, a time i gubitkom tradicijskih poljoprivrednihdjelatnosti, to rezultira gubitkom tradicijskih, izvor-

nih i udomaenih, sorti i pasmina diljem cijele Hrvat-ske pa tako i na podruju Dalmacije. e su pasmine isorte najee nastale u lokalnim uvjetima, mijenjaju-

i se tijekom stoljea kako ih je ovjek birao i prila-

goavao svojim potrebama, te su kao takve vrijedanizvor genetike raznolikosti. S druge strane, ve se de-setljeima borimo protiv promjena u tradicionalnom,

ruralnom krajobrazu, prije svega planinskih i otonihpanjakih povrina, gdje su izvorne pasmine savrenoorue za ouvanje prirodnih stanita i karakteristi-

nih kulturnih krajobraza budui da su bolje prilagoe-ne stanitu od suvremenih, visokoprinosnih pasmina.Naalost, upravo je ekonomski manja isplativost tradi-

cijskih pasmina i sorti jedan od glavnih razloga njiho-

vog nestanka, kao rezultat promjena u poljoprivrednojpraksi i zahtjeva suvremenog trita. Svjestan potrebeouvanja izvornih i udomaenih pasmina i sorti te nji-

hove vanosti u ukupnoj bioraznolikosti, Dravni za-vod za zatitu prirode izdao je 2011. godine Zelenuknjigu izvornih pasmina Hrvatske, publikaciju koja na

opsean nain obrauje vanost tradicijskih pasmina umodernom drutvu. Na jednom mjestu saet je prikazdomestikacije, rasprostranjenosti, tradicijske uporabe iizvornosti domaih ivotinja, njihov utjecaj na okoli,

krajobraze, stanita i bioraznolikost, kao i analiza te

procjena ugroenosti svake pojedine pasmine. ako-er, donosi i pregled izumrlih i nedovoljno poznatihpasmina, to predstavlja i biokulturoloko bogatstvonae zemlje. Na tragu te edicije, Dravni zavod za za-titu prirode priprema i publikaciju o izvornim sorta-

ma vinove loze u Hrvatskoj.

Ova knjiga, koja obrauje tradicijske sorte i pasmine

Dalmacije, predstavlja vaan dio u inventarizaciji po-

stojeeg stanja u Dalmaciji kao regiji s iznimno boga-tom bioraznolikosti te pribliavanju vanosti tradicij-skih pasmina i sorti iroj javnosti. Na sveobuhvatan

nain donosi informacije o svim pasminama domaihivotinja te vrstama i sortama kultiviranih biljaka kojesu se pokazale vanima za ivot ovjeka kroz stoljea

na ovom prostoru. Stoga sam siguran da e se poka-zati kao neprocjenjiv dodatak svakoj biblioteci kojacijeni Dalmaciju, izvornost, tradiciju i bioraznolikost.

Matija Frankovi,ravnatelj Dravnog zavoda za zatitu prirode

P ()


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Most of the biodiversity to be found in Europe todaywas created by way of interaction between man and na-ture. oday the rural space of Croatia is faced with de-population, and accordingly with the loss of traditionalfarming, which has in turn resulted in the loss of tra-

ditional landraces, plant and animal, throughout Croa-tia, and no less so in Dalmatia. Tese breeds and varie-ties were created in local conditions, changing over the

centuries as people selected them and adjusted them to

their needs. Tey are thus a valuable source of geneticdiversity. On the other hand, we have for decades beencombating changes in the traditional rural landscape,

above all in the pasturelands of the mountains and is-lands, in which the landraces are a perfect tool for thepreservation of the natural habitats and the character-

istic cultural landscapes, for they are better adjusted tosuch pastures than contemporary high-yielding breeds.Unfortunately, it is the lower profitability of the tradi-

tional breeds and varieties that is one of the main rea-

sons for their disappearance, consequent upon chang-es in farming practice and the demands of the contem-porary market. Very conscious of the need to preserve

indigenous and domesticated breeds and varieties, andof their importance in overall biodiversity, the State In-stitute for the Protection of Nature issued in 2011 its

Green Book of Landraces of Croatia, a publication thatgave extensive coverage to the importance of the tradi-tional breeds in modern society. In a single place thereis a succinct review of the domestication, distribution,

traditional use and indigenousness of domestic animals,

their effect on the environment, on landscapes, habi-tats and biodiversity. Also contained was an analysis andevaluation of the threat to each individual breed. In ad-dition it gives a survey of extinct and insufficiently well-known breeds, indicating something of the biocultural

richness of the country. Following up this edition, theState Institute for the Protection of Nature is preparinga publication of indigenous grape vines in Croatia.

Tis book, which deals with the traditional varieties andbreeds of Dalmatia is an important part in the effort toinventory the existing state of affairs in Dalmatia, a re-

gion that is extremely rich in terms of biodiversity and ingiving the general public the opportunity to be more fa-miliar with the importance of the traditional breeds and

varieties. It provides comprehensive information aboutall the breeds of domestic animals and species and varie-ties of cultivated plants that have been proved to be very

important for the life of the people in this area over the

centuries. Accordingly, I am sure that it will turn out tobe an invaluable supplement to every library that valuesDalmatia, originality, tradition and biodiversity.

Matija Frankovi,

Director, State Institute for Nature Protection.

F ()


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T R A D I C I J S K E S O R T E I P A S M I N E D A L M A C I J E1 6F: I P


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Stado dalmatinskih pramenki s tornjacima napoplavljenom Vrgorakom polju

A ock of Dalmatian Pramenka sheep with

Tornjak dogs on the ooded Vrgorako polje


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Povijesne igeografske

osnove Dalmacije

Historical andgeographicalfoundations of

Dalmatia

.1

Suhozidna batina otoia Baljenac,

ibenski arhipelag

The dry stone wall heritage of the islet of

Baljenac in the ibenik archipelagoF: I P


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Dalmacija (lat. Dalmatia; tal. Dalmazia; njem.Dalmatien; engl. Dalmatia) je tradicijski na-ziv za povijesnu regiju smjetenu na sjever-nom dijelu Sredozemlja, odnosno na jugu Europe. Dio

je istone obale i otoka Jadranskog mora, na potezu odmasiva Velebita do Bokokotorskog zaljeva. Dalmaciju

ini izduen primorski pojas koji se sastoji od kontinen-talnog i od otonog dijela. Kontinentalni dio, duljine oko400 km te do 70 km irine, prua se u smjeru sjeveroza-pad jugoistok. Otoni dio s mnogobrojnim otocima,otoiima, hridima i grebenima, veinom je istog smjera

pruanja, uz irinu oko 150 km. Na sjeverozapadnom jedijelu Dalmacije kontinentalna granica najdublja te pro-lazi najviim vrhovima planinskih lanaca Velebita (1 757

m), Dinare (1 831 m) i Kamenice (1 810 m), tono ponekadanjim granicama ljetnih panjaka dalmatinskih ibosanskih stoara. Prema jugoistoku, prirodna se konti-nentalna granica Dalmacije pribliava neposrednom za-

leu priobalnog pojasa, dok kod Dubrovnika obuhvaasamo najui primorski pojas do rta Otra na sjeveroza-padnom rubu zaljeva Boke kotorske.

Geopolitiki, Dalmacija se nastavlja na Kvarner i sje-verno Hrvatsko primorje te zavrava na granici s Cr-

nom Gorom. Jadransko more se nakon teritorijalnih

voda nastavlja meunarodnim vodama u pravcu Ape-ninskog poluotoka odnosno Italije, dok na kontinen-tu Dalmacija granii s Bosnom i Hercegovinom te

Crnom Gorom, tonije u sjevernom dijelu s Bosnom,u srednjem dijelu s Hercegovinom te u junom s Her-cegovinom i Crnom Gorom.

Naziv Dalmacija prvi se put spominje u 1. stoljeu na-kon Krista za vrijeme Rimskog Carstva, a odnosi sena podruje izmeu rijeka Krke i Cetine na kojem je

obitavalo ilirsko pleme Delmati. Etimoloki, Dalmacija

znai postojbina Delmata, koji su ime dobili prema ilir-

skoj imenici delmato znai ovca. Predstavljala je diorimskog Ilirika kako su iri prostor istone obale Ja-drana, nastanjen ilirskim plemenima, nazivali Rimlja-

ni. S vremenom se pojam Dalmacije iri i na dio Ne-retvanske kneevine, a danas i na podruje nekadanje

Dubrovake Republike. U prolosti se prostorni opsegDalmacije znatno mijenjao te je obuhvaao primorskedijelove danas susjednih drava Bosne i Hercegovine,Crne Gore i Albanije. Zanimljivo je da se i nekadanjicentar ilirske Dalmacije, grad Delminium (upanjac,

Duvno, danas omislavgrad), nalazi na podruju da-nanje Bosne i Hercegovine.

Suvremena Dalmacija dio je Republike Hrvatske iobuhvaa podruje etiriju upanija: Zadarske, iben-sko-kninske, Splitsko-dalmatinske i Dubrovako-ne-retvanske, te se protee od otoka Paga, junog Velebita

i rijeke Zrmanje na sjeverozapadu, do Konavala, odno-sno rta Otra na jugoistoku. Prostire se na povrini od12 673 km2 i obuhvaa oko 22,4% kopnene povrine

Hrvatske. Povrina obalnog mora Dalmacije iznosi 23107 km2i ima udjel od gotovo 75% obalnog mora Hr-vatske. Uobiajeno Dalmaciju dijelimo na tri podregije:

Sjevernu Dalmaciju koja obuhvaa podruje Zadarske

i ibensko-kninske upanije; Srednju Dalmaciju kojaobuhvaa podruje Splitsko-dalmatinske upanije teJunu Dalmaciju koja obuhvaa podruje Dubrova-

ko-neretvanske upanije, zapravo najvei dio podrujanekadanje gotovo tisuljetne Dubrovake Republike.

Dalmacija ima iznimno razvedenu obalu uz koju senalazi ak 926 otoka, otoia, hridi i grebena goto-vo 74% od sveukupno 1 246 koliko ih se nalazi uz hr-vatsku obalu Jadrana. Obalna linija Dalmacije sastoji

se od obale kontinentalnog dijela Dalmacije, te obale

Etimoloki,Dalmacija znai

postojbina Delmata,koji su ime dobili

prema ilirskojimenici delmato

znai ovca.

Etymologically,Dalmatia is the

homeland of theDelmati, who took

their name from theIllyrian noun delma,

which means sheep.


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Dalmatia (Latin, Dalmatia; Italian, Dalma-zia; German, Dalmatien; English, Dalma-tia) is the traditional name for a historic re-gion located in the northern part of the Mediterra-

nean and the south of Europe. It is part of the easterncoastline and archipelago of the Adriatic Sea, along

the tract from the Velebit massif to the Bay of BokaKotorska. Dalmatia consists of an elongated coastalzone composed of a mainland and an insular part. Temainland part is about 400 km long and 70 km wide;it extends in the north-west to south-east direction.

Te insular part, with its many islands and islets, rocksand reefs, on the whole extends in the same direction,with a width of about 150 km. On the north-west part

of Dalmatia, the boundary with the inland is deepest,and passes over the highest mountain peaks of Velebit(1 757 m), Dinara (1 831 m) and Kamenica (1 810m), precisely over the former boundaries of the sum-

mer pastures of the Dalmatian and the Bosnian herds-men. o the south-east, the natural inland boundaryof Dalmatia approaches the immediate hinterland of

the coastal zone, while at Dubrovnik, it covers onlythe southernmost coastal zone to Otro Point on thenorth-west edge of the Gulf of Boka Kotorska.

In geopolitical terms, Dalmatia is a continuation ofthe Bay of Kvarner and the northern Hrvatsko Pri-morje region; it ends on the border with Montene-

gro. Te Adriatic Sea, after the territorial waters, con-tinues in international waters in the direction of theApennine peninsula, in other words, of Italy, while

on the mainland, Dalmatia borders with Bosnia andHerzegovina and Montenegro, to be precise, in thenorthern part with Bosnia, in the central part withHerzegovina and in the southern part with Herzego-

vina and Montenegro.

Te name Dalmatia was first mentioned in the first

century AD, during the Roman Empire, and referredto the area between the Krka and Cetina rivers, in-habited by the Illyrian tribe the Delmati. Etymologi-

cally, then, Dalmatia is the homeland of the Delmati,who took their name from the Il lyrian noun delma,

which means sheep. It was a part of Roman Illyricum,as the Romans called the general area of the easterncoast of the Adriatic settled by the Illyrian tribes. Intime, the concept of Dalmatia was extended to part ofthe Princedom of Neretva, and to the area of the for-

mer Dubrovnik Republic. In the past, what was cov-ered by the idea of Dalmatia varied considerably, andcovered the coastal area of the currently neighbour-

ing states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegroand Albania. It is interesting that the former centre ofIllyrian Dalmatia, the city of Delminium (upanjac,Duvno, today called omislavgrad) lies in the area of

todays Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Contemporary Dalmatia is part of the Republic of

Croatia and covers the area of four counties: Zadar-ska, ibensko-kninska, Splitsko-dalmatinska andDubrovako-neretvanska. It extends from the island

of Pag, southern Velebit and the Zrmanja River in

the north-west, to Konavle, or Otro point [CapeOtro] in the south-east. It covers of an area of 12 673square kilometres and occupies about 22.4% of the

land area of Croatia. Te coastal waters of Dalmatiacover 23, 107 square kilometres, or 75% of the wholeof the coastal waters of the country. It is common

to divide Dalmatia into three sub-regions: North-ern Dalmatia, which covers the area of the Zadars-ka and ibenkso-kninska counties; Central Dalma-tia, which covers the area of the Splitsko-dalmatinska

county and Southern Dalmatia, which occupies the

area of the Dubrovako-neretvanska county, in other

words, most of the territory of the one-time almostone thousand years old Dubrovnik Republic.

Dalmatia has a very indented coastline, off whichthere are as many as 926 islands, islets, rocks and reefs

almost 74% of the all told 1246 islands lying off theAdriatic coast of Croatia. Te coastal line of Dalmatiaconsists of the coast of the mainland part of Dalma-tia and of the coasts of all the islands and islets, whichcome all told to 4 324 kilometres. Indeed this type

of indented, island-dotted coastline is called in geo-graphical studies the Dalmatian coastline type. Tebiggest Dalmatian islands are Bra (394.6 km2), Hvar

(295.7 km2), Korula (276 km2), Dugi otok (114.4km2), Mljet (100.4 km2), Vis (88.3 km2), Paman(63.3 km2), olta (58.2 km2), Ugljan (50.2 km2) andLastovo (46.9 km2). Pag , with 284,6 km2, would be

the third largest Dalmatian island, but does not be-long to Zadarska county in its entirety. Te islandscover about 1 770 square kilometres, or about 15% of

the area of Dalmatia. Te biggest peninsula is Peljeac(348 km2), the second largest peninsula in Croatia(after Istria), and stretches more than 70 km.

Although the most frequent image of Dalmatia is that ithas a highly Mediterranean character, in fact, Dalmatiahas a considerable relief energy or vertical articulation, in

which the chain of the Dinaric mountains are dominant,with their numerous mountain massifs, of the typicallyDinaric north-west to south-east lie, like the whole of

Dalmatia. From Velebit (1 757 m) at the extreme northof Dalmatia, leads on to: Potak (1 446 m), Bukovicaand Orljak (674 m); Dinara (1 831 m), whose high-est peak is Veliki roglav (1 913 m) located in Bosnia

and Herzegovina; and also Kamenica (1 810 m), the


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Na podruju Dalmacije tee dvanaest stalnih rijeka: Zr-

manja (69 km), Gudua (7 km), Krka (72,5 km), ikola(47,8 km), Cetina (101 km), Jadro (4,5 km), rnovni-ca (4,8 km), Vrljika (70 km), Neretva (225 km), Om-

bla (0,03 km) i Ljuta (6 km). Iako uslijed krke podlogeesto velikim dijelom teku podzemno i ponekad su vr-

lo kratkog nadzemnog toka, istiu se koliinom i kvali-tetom vode. Za Omblu ili Rijeku dubrovaku esto senavodi kako je sa svojih 30 m nadzemnog toka i prosje-nim protokom od 2 390 l/s, koji u maksimalnoj fazi do-see i do 11 300 l/s, najkraa rijeka na svijetu, s estuari-

jem od oko 5 km. Iznimno je zanimljiva i ponorna rijekaVrljika koja u svega 70 km toka, na razmei Hrvatskei BiH, ak devet puta mijenja ime. Izvire kao Culua, a

zatim nakon poniranja i ponovnog izviranja postaje: Ri-ina Brina Suvaja (Posuje) Matica Vrlika (Imot-ski) ihaljina Mlada, te konano kao rebiat uvireu Neretvu. Iako je po duljini nadzemnog toka najdulja

rijeka Neretva (225 km), u Dalmaciji se nalazi samo 22km zavrne delte, dok je najdulja rijeka koja cijelom du-ljinom tee Dalmacijom rijeka Cetina sa 101 km duljine.

Iako zbog krke podloge u Dalmaciji ne moemo oeki-vati vea jezera, upravo je Vransko jezero kod Biogradasa 30,7 km2povrine ujedno i najvee prirodno jezero na

podruju Hrvatske. Istie se i Crveno jezero kod Imot-

skog, ogromna uruena jama duboka 528 m i otprilikedo polovice ispunjena vodom. Jezero je u stvari oduaksnane podzemne rijeke, a njegova razina ovisi o kolii-

ni protoka i varira vie od 30 m. Unato povrini od sve-ga 150x180 m, ovo jezero sadri ak oko 16 milijuna m3vode, to ga ini jednim od veih spremnika podzemne

vode na svijetu.

Uslijed male koliine rijenih sedimenata koji se uli-jevaju u Jadransko more te podizanja razine mora od

posljednje oledbe, iroka rijena delta u Dalmaciji je

rijetkost i prisutna je samo na uu rijeke Neretve, dok

su kod ostalih rijeka nastali rijeni kanjoni estuariji,primjerice Zrmanje, Krke i Cetine.

Zbog okrene vapnenake podloge, na dalmatinskomje podruju prisutno vie tisua speleolokih objekata

od kojih velik broj, posebno na planinskim masivima,jo nije istraen. renutano je najdublja dalmatinskajama Mokre noge na Biokovu s - 842 m dubine, a naj-dulja je pilja Kotlua s 3 418 m duljine.

Na podruju je Dalmacije prema popisu iz 2011. go-dine ivjelo 857 743 stanovnika ili 19,99% populaci-je Hrvatske. Prosjena gustoa naseljenosti nia je od

hrvatskog prosjeka i iznosi oko 68 stanovnika na kva-dratni kilometar. Premda je kroz dugo vremensko raz-doblje centar Dalmacije bio Zadar, danas grad Split sa178 192 stanovnika predstavlja geografski makrocen-

tar s tri regionalna centra, gradovima Zadrom (75 082),ibenikom (46 372) i Dubrovnikom (42 641).

Dalmacija je krajobrazno i bioloki, razmjerno svojoj ve-liini, jedno od najraznolikijih podruja Europe s akdevet parkova, i to etiri nacionalna parka (NP): Pakle-

nica, Kornati, Krka i Mljet te pet parkova prirode (PP):

jugoistoni dio Velebita, elaica, Vransko jezero, Bio-kovo i Lastovsko otoje, a u pripremi je proglaenje dva-ju dodatnih zatienih podruja (vjerojatno regionalnih

parkova) Delte Neretve i planine Dinare. U Dalmaci-ji nalazimo 19 posebnih rezervata botanikih, um-ske vegetacije, ornitolokih, ihtiolokih i geomorfolo-

ko-hidrolokih, 10 park uma, 36 znaajna krajobraza,38 spomenika prirode i 19 spomenika parkovne arhitek-ture. Zatiena podruja obuhvaaju 2 060,4 km, od-nosno vie od 16% kopnene povrine Dalmacije i neto

manje od 6% ukupne povrine, raunajui i obalno more.

svih otoka i otoia koja ukupno iznosi ak 4 324 ki-

lometara, tako da je ovakav tip otone razvedene obaleu geografiji nazvan dalmatinskim tipom obale. Najveisu dalmatinski otoci: Bra (394,6 km2), Hvar (295,7

km2), Korula (276 km2), Dugi otok (114,4 km2), Mljet(100,4 km2), Vis (88,3 km2), Paman (63,3 km2), ol-

ta (58,2 km2), Ugljan (50,2 km2), Lastovo (46,9 km2) idrugi. (Pag je s 284,6 km2takoer meu najveim oto-cima iako ne pripada u cijelosti Zadarskoj upaniji, tj.Dalmaciji.) Otoci zapremaju oko 1 770 km2, odnosnooko 15% povrine Dalmacije. Najvei poluotok je Pe-

ljeac (348 km2), po veliini drugi poluotok Hrvatskenakon Istre, a prua se u duljini od gotovo 70 km.

Iako je najea predodba Dalmacije kao regije na-glaeno mediteranskog karaktera, prisutna je znatnaenergija reljefa ili vertikalna ralanjenost, koju tvoriulanano dinarsko gorje s brojnim planinskim masi-

vima, tipinog dinarskog smjera pruanja sjeveroza-pad jugoistok, kao i cijela Dalmacija. Od Velebita (1757 m) na krajnjem sjeveru Dalmacije nastavljaju se:

Potak (1 446 m), Bukovica i Orljak (674 m); Dina-ra (1 831 m) s najviim vrhom Velikim roglavom (1913 m) smjetenim u Bosni i Hercegovini; te Kame-

nica (1 810 m), iji je najvii vrh Konj (1 855 m) tako-

er smjeten na podruju Bosne i Hercegovine. Slije-de: Promina (1 148 m), Veliki Kozjak (1 207 m), Svi-laja (1 508 m), Mose (838 m), Boraja (739 m), Mali

Kozjak (779 m), Mosor (1 339 m), Omika Dinara(863 m), Biokovo (1 762 m), ibenik (1 314 m), Rili(920 m), Matokit (1 062 m), Mala aba (681 m), dok

junu granicu s Hercegovinom zatvara Snijenica (1234 m), a s Crnom Gorom masiv Bjelotine (1 089 m),pri emu su oba ova masiva dio sloene cjeline Orje-na, iji se najvii istoimeni vrh Orjen (1 894 m) nalazi

u Crnoj Gori.


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highest peak of which is Konj (1 855 m) also located

in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ten come: Promina (1148 m), Veliki Kozjak (1 207 m), Svilaja (1 508 m),Mose (838 m), Boraja (739 m), Mali Kozjak (779

m), Mosor (1 339 m), Omika Dinara (863 m), Biok-ovo (1 762 m), ibenik (1 314 m), Rili (920 m), Ma-

tokit (1 062 m), Mala aba (681 m), while the south-ern border with Herzegovina is closed by Snijenica(1 234 m), and that with Montenegro by the Bjelo-tine massif (1 089 m), with the proviso that both ofthese massifs are part of the complex mass of Orjen,

the highest peak of which shares the same name, Or-jen (1 894 m), and lies inside Montenegro.

welve permanent rivers flow in the Dalmatian ar-ea: the Zrmanja (69 km), Gudua (7 km), Krka (72.5km), ikola (47.8 km), Cetina (101 km), Jadro (4.5km), rnovnica (4.8 km), Vrljika (70 km), Neretva

(225 km), Ombla (0.03 km) and the Ljuta (6 km). TeOmbla River, sometimes called Rijeka Dubrovaka,may be said, with its length above ground of a mere

30 m, and an average flow of 2 390 l/s, reaching asmuch as 11 300 l/s maximum, to be the shortest riv-er in the world, with an estuary of about 5 km. Also

exceptionally interesting is the disappearing river the

Vrljika, which in its 70 km long course along the bor-der between Croatian and Bosnia and Herzegovinachanges its name nine times. It rises as the Culua,

and then after repeated disappearances undergroundand re-emergences becomes the: Riina Brina Su-vaja (Posuje) Matica Vrlika (Imotski) ihalji-

na Mlada and finally the rebiat, which runs in-to the Neretva. Although in terms of length aboveground the Neretva is the longest watercourse (225km), in Dalmatia there is only the 22 km-long con-

cluding delta; the longest river that flows the whole

of its length in Dalmatia is the Cetina, 101 km in

length. Although because of the karstic substrate inDalmatia large lakes are not to be expected, VranskoLake, by Biograd, which has an area of 30.7 km 2is al-

so the biggest natural lake in Croatia. Also importantis Crveno [Red] Lake by Imotski, a vast sinkhole 528

m deep and about half filled with water. Te lake is infact the outlet of a powerful subterranean river, andits level depends on the flow, varying more than 30 mup and down. In spite of having an area of no morethan 150 x 180 m, this lake contains as much as 16

million m3of water, making it one of the major reser-voirs of subterranean water in the world.

Because of the small quantity of riverine sedimentsdelivered into the Adriatic and the rising of the sealevel from the last Ice Age, a broad river delta is a rar-ity in Dalmatia, and is to be found only at the mouth

of the Neretva River, while in other rivers the outletshave taken shape as canyons, as in the Zrmanja, Krkaand Cetina.

Because of the karstified limestone bedrock, there areseveral thousand cave and pothole features in Dal-

matia, a large number of which, particularly in the

mountain massifs, are still unexplored. Te currentlydeepest known Dalmatian pothole is Mokre noge onMt Biokovo, which is 842 m deep; the longest cavern

is Kotlua, 3 418 metres in length.

According to the 2011 census, the population of Dal-

matia was 857 743, that is, 19.99% percent of thepopulation of the whole country. Te average pop-ulation density is lower than the Croatian average,coming to 68 persons per square kilometre. Although

for a long period of time the centre of Dalmatia was

Zadar, it is the city of Split, with its population of 178

192, that is the geographical macrocentre of the re-gion, with three sub-centres, Zadar (75 082), ibenik(46 372) and Dubrovnik (42 641).

In proportion to its size, Dalmatia is one of the most

diverse areas in Europe, in terms of landscape andbiology, holding nine parks, including four nation-al parks (NP): Paklenica, Kornati, Krka and Mljetand five Nature Parks (PP in Croatian): the south-east part of Velebit, elaica, Vransko jezero, Biok-

ovo and the Lastovo islands. Preparations are underway for making two more areas protected areas, prob-ably to be classified as regional parks: the delta of the

Neretva and Mt Dinara. Tere are 19 special reserves botanical, forest, vegetation, ornithological, ich-thyological and geomorphological and hydrological,10 forest parks, 36 important landscapes, 38 monu-

ments of nature and 19 monuments of park architec-ture. Protected areas occupy a total of 2 060.4 squarekilometres, which is to say more than 16% of the land

area of Dalmatia, and a little less than 6% of the totalarea if the coastal waters are taken into consideration.

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