trade policy dr mg aung)

8/4/2019 Trade Policy Dr Mg Aung)

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/


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WTO


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Resources)

(Income Distribution)


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(resource based)

(labour

intensive export items)


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(capital intensive)

(knowledge-based items)

()

()

( ) ()


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(-) () (-)

()

(-)

()

( - )

() ( )

(Laissez-faire policy)


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( )

( ) ( -

)


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() (-)

(Burmanization)


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(Inward- looking

self-reliant policy)


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()


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(major exporter)

(marginal exporter)

()

(- )


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(Mono crop export pattern)


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(Multi crop

export pattern)

()

(

- )

(Export First)


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(Cutting, Making,

Packaging-CMP)


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(World TradeOrganization-WTO)

(Association of South East Asia Nations-ASEAN)

(Bay of

Bengal Intiative for Multisectoral Economic Cooperation -BIMST-


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EC) (Greater Mekong

Subregion-GMS)


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(Outward-looking Economy)

()


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(transparent

environment)


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-


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(-)


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Transaction Cost

(Indirect Taxes and

Levies)

\


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()

()

(open door

policy)

(economic

reforms)


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Stock Company

() Joint Stock Company


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(Foreign

Capital)

(Technology)

()

()


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()

(Monetary Reform)

(Fiscal Reform)


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(Tax Reform)

(State Owned Enterprises Refrom)

Controlled Floating System

International Monetary Fund (IMF)


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(Asias Money Crisis)

()

(The World

Trade Organization-WTO)

WTO


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(Foreign Trade Law)

Anti-dumping

Intellectual

Property Right

(transparency)

Administrative Permission

Law


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(Open


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Door Policy)

(FDI)

(Labor Intensive export oriented industries)

WTO


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(

)

()

(Exporter Led economic growth model)

() (Malaysia)


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(Free Trade Zone)


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(Heavy Industrialization Strategy)

(resource based Industries)

(Technology based Industries)

() (Thailand)

(State LedIndustrialization Strategy)

(Export

Promotion Policy)


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()

(Board of Investment)


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(Devaluation of Baht)

(-)

(

-)

(GIRIJA NIMGAONKAR),Export LedGrowthin

SouthEastAsia,

Cambridge University Press, 2009.

0

50000

100000

150000

200000250000

300000

350000

2001 2010 2001 2010 2001 2010

Export

Thailand VietnamMalaysia

Thailand, Vietnam and MalaysiaExport & GDP Current (US $)Million


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()

-

() ()

()

()

()

()


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()

()

()

()

()


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()

-


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()

-

()

()

()

Inward Looking Policy


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-

() -

()

()

()

-

()

( - )

(-)

Source: IMF , International Financial Statistics (1952, 1956,

1960, 1966);

World Bank , World Data Series (1995) , base year - 1980)

* Ministry of Commerce & CSO, Myanmar (at offical of

exchange)()

(Change in CommodityTrade Patterns)

(million US$)

(million US$)


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()

(Patterns)

%

-


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( )

(-)

( - )

82.4%

62.5%54.6%

28.2%

0.3%

0.1%3%

4.1%

9.8%

23.7%24.7%

36.7%

4.3%8.9% 14.5%

1.3%

2% 0.3% 1.7%

29.7%

1.3% 1.1% 1.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Structure of Exports 1960-1991

Re-expor

t

Others


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-

()


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(Pattern of

Export)

(Natural resource based exports)

( -)

( -)


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()

20% 15% 20%

9%11% 6%

7% 10%

26%17%

15%

7%

33% 38%33%

1% 0.1%1%13% 10.9%7%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2000-2001 2005-2006 2010-2011

Str t r f rt 2 -2

Ot rs


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( -)

( -)

(-)

(-)

--

()


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-

//

/ /


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(patterns of trade)

(terms of trade)


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(Export-oriented economic growth model)

-

()

(macroeconomic stability)


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/

()

(double digit inflation)

over-

valued Exchange Rate


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(Export Oriented Industries)

()


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(Export Oriented Industries)

()


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(corporate tax)

%

%

(macroeconomic stability)

(Lower fees on land use)

(tax holidays)

(Special Economic Zones)


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(Free Trade Zone)

(financing)

(Preshipment Loans)

(Export guarantee

loans) (Export

subsidy)


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(Transit Trade)

(re-


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export)

(specialization)

-

()

- -

,

- -


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(WTO)

WTO


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-

()

()

()

()

()

()


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()

()

()

()


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()

()

()

()


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(Export-led economic growth model)


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(

)

-

( )

( - )


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( - )

Maung Aung. BIMST-EC Japan Cooperation and Trade Myanmar

Perspective, Research Conference, Bangkok 2007.

Chong-Yah Lim. South East Asia: A Long Road Ahead, 2001 June.

http://library.thinkquest.org/11372/data/f2-polic.htm

http://unctadstat.unctad.org

www.aseansec.org

www.ciaworldfactbook.com

www.heritage.org

www.worldbank.org

trade policy dr mg aung)

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