Download - Trade Policy Dr Mg Aung)
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/
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WTO
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Resources)
(Income Distribution)
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(resource based)
(labour
intensive export items)
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(capital intensive)
(knowledge-based items)
()
()
( ) ()
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(-) () (-)
()
(-)
()
( - )
() ( )
(Laissez-faire policy)
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( )
( ) ( -
)
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() (-)
(Burmanization)
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(Inward- looking
self-reliant policy)
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()
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(major exporter)
(marginal exporter)
()
(- )
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(Mono crop export pattern)
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(Multi crop
export pattern)
()
(
- )
(Export First)
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(Cutting, Making,
Packaging-CMP)
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(World TradeOrganization-WTO)
(Association of South East Asia Nations-ASEAN)
(Bay of
Bengal Intiative for Multisectoral Economic Cooperation -BIMST-
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EC) (Greater Mekong
Subregion-GMS)
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(Outward-looking Economy)
()
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(transparent
environment)
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-
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(-)
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Transaction Cost
(Indirect Taxes and
Levies)
\
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()
()
(open door
policy)
(economic
reforms)
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Stock Company
() Joint Stock Company
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(Foreign
Capital)
(Technology)
()
()
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()
(Monetary Reform)
(Fiscal Reform)
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(Tax Reform)
(State Owned Enterprises Refrom)
Controlled Floating System
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
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(Asias Money Crisis)
()
(The World
Trade Organization-WTO)
WTO
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(Foreign Trade Law)
Anti-dumping
Intellectual
Property Right
(transparency)
Administrative Permission
Law
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(Open
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Door Policy)
(FDI)
(Labor Intensive export oriented industries)
WTO
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(
)
()
(Exporter Led economic growth model)
() (Malaysia)
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(Free Trade Zone)
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(Heavy Industrialization Strategy)
(resource based Industries)
(Technology based Industries)
() (Thailand)
(State LedIndustrialization Strategy)
(Export
Promotion Policy)
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()
(Board of Investment)
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(Devaluation of Baht)
(-)
(
-)
(GIRIJA NIMGAONKAR),Export LedGrowthin
SouthEastAsia,
Cambridge University Press, 2009.
0
50000
100000
150000
200000250000
300000
350000
2001 2010 2001 2010 2001 2010
Export
Thailand VietnamMalaysia
Thailand, Vietnam and MalaysiaExport & GDP Current (US $)Million
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()
-
() ()
()
()
()
()
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()
()
()
()
()
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()
-
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()
-
()
()
()
Inward Looking Policy
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-
() -
()
()
()
-
()
( - )
(-)
Source: IMF , International Financial Statistics (1952, 1956,
1960, 1966);
World Bank , World Data Series (1995) , base year - 1980)
* Ministry of Commerce & CSO, Myanmar (at offical of
exchange)()
(Change in CommodityTrade Patterns)
(million US$)
(million US$)
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()
(Patterns)
%
-
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( )
(-)
( - )
82.4%
62.5%54.6%
28.2%
0.3%
0.1%3%
4.1%
9.8%
23.7%24.7%
36.7%
4.3%8.9% 14.5%
1.3%
2% 0.3% 1.7%
29.7%
1.3% 1.1% 1.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Structure of Exports 1960-1991
Re-expor
t
Others
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-
()
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(Pattern of
Export)
(Natural resource based exports)
( -)
( -)
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()
20% 15% 20%
9%11% 6%
7% 10%
26%17%
15%
7%
33% 38%33%
1% 0.1%1%13% 10.9%7%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2000-2001 2005-2006 2010-2011
Str t r f rt 2 -2
Ot rs
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( -)
( -)
(-)
(-)
--
()
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-
//
/ /
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(patterns of trade)
(terms of trade)
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(Export-oriented economic growth model)
-
()
(macroeconomic stability)
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/
()
(double digit inflation)
over-
valued Exchange Rate
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(Export Oriented Industries)
()
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(Export Oriented Industries)
()
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(corporate tax)
%
%
(macroeconomic stability)
(Lower fees on land use)
(tax holidays)
(Special Economic Zones)
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(Free Trade Zone)
(financing)
(Preshipment Loans)
(Export guarantee
loans) (Export
subsidy)
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(Transit Trade)
(re-
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export)
(specialization)
-
()
- -
,
- -
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(WTO)
WTO
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-
()
()
()
()
()
()
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()
()
()
()
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()
()
()
()
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(Export-led economic growth model)
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(
)
-
( )
( - )
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( - )
Maung Aung. BIMST-EC Japan Cooperation and Trade Myanmar
Perspective, Research Conference, Bangkok 2007.
Chong-Yah Lim. South East Asia: A Long Road Ahead, 2001 June.
http://library.thinkquest.org/11372/data/f2-polic.htm
http://unctadstat.unctad.org
www.aseansec.org
www.ciaworldfactbook.com
www.heritage.org
www.worldbank.org