tracking and positioning of mobile

8/8/2019 Tracking And Positioning Of Mobile

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Tracking And

Positioning Of MobilePhones In

TeleCommunication.

Manu.R

S7 CSNo::18


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Contents.

Introduction.

Need for geolocation.

Technologies used for geolocation.

Mobile tracking.

Mobile positioning.

Applications.


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Introduction Includes plurality of transmit and receivestations

Tracking stations have GPS receiver, radiodirection finder, two way communication system,a computer.

Major challenge is in creating acceptableperformance when the direct path from thetransmitter is intermittently blocked.


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Need For GeoLocation.

Personalize mobile services.

Allow the n/w operators to facilitates new servicesto the mobile users

Services:

y Emergency service for subscriber safety

y Location sensitive billing

y Cellular fraud detection

y Intelligent transport s/m services

y Efficient & effective n/w performance and

management


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TechnologiesUsed For Geolocation.

Handset Based Mobile Positioning And Tracking.

GPS.

Mobile can be located by a mobile itself or through amobile telecommunication network.

To locate by itself mobile should be provided with aGPS receiver .

Demerits.

Increases the price and size.


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Global Positioning system.


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Direction Based Geolocation.

Angle of arrival method.

Calculates the angle of arrival of signalreceiving at BS.

Requires two or more base stations fordetermination.

Measures the direction of signal falling on thebase station.

Measures angle of incidence with respect tothe normal.

Not accurate.

Disadvantages:

Angle of incidence changes due to obstacles like

atmospheric particles or scattering


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Distance Based Positioning.

Time Of Arrival [TOA].

Calculates the distance b/w mobile and BS based on TOA.

Ri = C i = sqrt ( (xi X ) 2 + (yi Y) 2 )

Where,

C Propagation speed of electromagnetic wave,

i propagation of time from the mobile telephone

to ith base station,

xi, yi location of ith base

station,

X, Y mobile position.


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DBP Cont

Time Difference Of Arrival [TDOA].

Also known as multilateration or hyperbolic positioning.

Process of locating an object by computing the TDOA of a

signal emitted from that object to three or more receivers.


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9/2Mobile Tracking

Must emit at least the roaming signal. Do notrequire an active call.

GSM localisation by Multilateration.

Cell tower listen for signal send from phone

Negotiate the best tower which is able tocommunicate with the phone.

Technology is based on measuring power levelsand antenna patterns.

Advncd system determine the sector in which the

mobile phone resides. And also the distanc to the


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GSM.

Standard for Mobile.

82% of the global mobile market uses.

3 billion people, across 212 countries.

Specifications of GSM

y Frequency Band: 1850 1990MHz.

y

Duplex distance: 80MHz.

y Channel separation: 200KHz.

y Modulation: Gaussian minimum shift keying.

y Transmission rate: 270 kbps


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Cont...

Additional services in GSM.

Call forwarding.

Barring of outgoing calls.

Barring of incoming calls.

Advice of charge.

Call hold.

Call waiting.

Multiparty service.


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Mobile Positioning.

Localization and tracking r now stepped over byPositioning. GPS.

Can determine which direction one is travelling.

GPS, only fully functional global navigation satellitesystem.

Location based service that discloses the actual

coordinates of a mobile phone. Location Based Systems.

Network Based.

Handset Based.

Hybrid.


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Network Based.

Utilize the service providers infrastructure toidentify the location of the handset.

Can be implemented non-intrusively.

Accuracy varies, least for cell identification andmost accurate for triangulation.

Accuracy dependent on conc. of base station cells.

Must work closely with service provider.


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Handset Based.

Requires the installation of client software on thehandset.

Determines the location by, cell identification,

signal strength of the home and neighboring cells.

Requires the active cooperation of the mobilesubscriber as well as software.Hybrid.

Combination of n/w based and handset basedtechnologies.

Best accuracy of the three.


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Applications.

Multilateration is commonly used in civil andmilitary surveillance to accurately locate anaircraft,vechile or stationary emitter by measuringthe time difference of arrival of a signal from the

emitter at three or more receiver sites.

Mobile positioning technology has become animportant area of research for emergency as wellas for commercial services.

Provides several services such as locating stolenmobiles, emergency calls, different billing tariffsdepending on where the call is originated.


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Conclusion.

Proposal is advantageous in that the location of amobile telephone can be accurately tracked even inthe multi-path fading and the NLOS environment, byusing more accurate tracking curves connecting the

intersection points among circles with the radii beingthe distances between corresponding BSs and themobile telephone in a cellular mobile communicationsystem. We have described about accuratepositioning of mobile telephones, which can be usedfor several applications. The importantconsiderations to be undertaken while selecting alocation based technology are location accuracy,implementation cost, reliability, increasingfunctionality.


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Reference

www.ieeexplore.ieee.org

gp.espacenet.com

wikipedia.com


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