TERM PAPEROF

OPERATING SYSTEMCSE (316)

TOPIC: WHICH OPERATING SYSTEM IS USED TO HANDLE COMPUTER NETWORK, HOW IT WORKS

ON LAN

Submitted to: Submitted by:MISS.HARLEEN KAUR ASHISH KUMAR

ROLL NO-RD1802A17SECTION-D1802

GROUP-1REG.NO-10800114

Contents:-

o Abstract

o Operating system

o Types of operating system

o Operating structure

o Local area network

o Networking operating system

o Examples

o Description about windows NT

o Advantages and disadvantages

o bibliography

o references

Abstract:- This term paper covers which operating system

handle networking. it includes types and some features of networking operating system. This term covers with advantages and disadvantages of windows NT and difference between window NT and Unix.

operating system:-

operating system is a main central part of computer. Operating system provides a way to build and run software and various program called application program. Operating system software runs not just on laptop computers but also on cell phones, network routers and other so-called embedded devices. The application programs must be written to run on top of a particular operating system. The most popular operating systems are DOS, OS/2, and Windows, but others are available, such as UNIX and LINUX.

Types of operating system:-

Operating systems can be classified as follows:

1) mainframe system: - mainframe computer systems were the first computers used to tackle many commercial and scientific applications.

2) Batch system: - the operating system in these early computers was fairly simple. its major task was

to transfer control automatically form one job to next. The operating system was always reside in memory to speed up processing; operators batched together jobs with similar needs and ran them through the computer as a group.

3) Multiprogrammed system: -- the most important aspect of job scheduling is the ability to multiprogramming. A single user cannot, in general, keep either the CPU or the I/O devices busy at all times. Multiprogramming increases CPU utilization by organizing jobs so that the CPU always has one to execute.

4) Time-sharing system:-it is a logical extension of multiprogramming. The CPU executes multiple jobs by switching among them, but the switches occur so frequently that the users can interact with each program while it is running.

5) Multiprocessor system:- these are growing in importance. Such systems have more than one processor in close communication, sharing the computer bus, the clock, and sometimes memory and peripheral devices.

Operating system structure:-

The operating system provides two main functions.

Manage h/w devices: - The first function is to manage the basic hardware operations such as control of I/O devices, storage space, detecting equipment failure, and management of storage.

Interaction: - The second function is to manage and interact with the applications software. It takes over the tasks of printing and saving data.

Lan:- lan stands for local area network:- A local area network (LAN) is a type of network

which supplies networking capability to a group of computers in a shorter area such as in an office building, a school, or a home and responsible for sharing hardware resources like files, printers, games or other applications. Some LANs are built with inexpensive hardware such as Ethernet cables, network adapters, and hubs and switches. Wireless LAN and other more advanced LAN hardware options also exist.

For example, Microsoft Windows provide a software package called Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) that supports controlled access to LAN resources.

Example:

Ethernet LAN is the most common type of LAN. It is the smallest home LAN and a large LAN can accommodate many thousands of computers.

Some LANs are categorized into small logical groups such as subnets. An Internet Protocol (IP) "Class A" LAN can in theory accommodate more than 16 million devices organized into subnets.

Network Operating Systems :-

Some operating system supports some software which is

responsible for networking such as an implementation of TCP/IP protocol stack and related utility programs like ping and trace route. Operating system supports necessary device drivers and other software which is automatically enables Ethernet interface device. Mobile devices also normally provide the programs needed to enable Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or other wireless connectivity.

Microsoft support basic networking capability into its operating system starting with Windows 95 and Windows for Workgroups. Microsoft also introduced its Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) feature in Windows 98 Second Edition (Win98 SE) .operating systems today qualifies as a network operating system due to the popularity of the Internet. It is used to run computers that act as servers. They support the capabilities required for network operation and also designed for client computers. Networking operating systems provide some basic functions such as file and print sharing, security, client and server functionality ad some networking services i.e.backingup

data, users administrative.

Network Operating System Examples

Windows NT - this is used for multiple processors and perform multitasking. it also and run on Intel or RISC computers.

Windows 95 - this perform opposite functionality of windows NT. This is not use for multiple processors or run on RISC computers. It can use older drivers.

Novell Netware- this operating system is the latest update. This operating system provides transparent remote file access and other distributed network services, including printer sharing and support for various applications such as transferring e-mail

messages and accessing database files.

Windows NT - Windows NT is a most supportive and useful networking operating systems which is designed for clients and businesses and provide many capabilities such as Microsoft successor operating system, Windows 2000.

Two products are used: -

1) Microsoft NT Workstation: - it is designed for clients, especially for businesses users, who need faster performance and a system a little more fail- safe than windows 95 an windows 98.

Microsoft says that 32-bit applications run 20% faster on this system than on Windows 95 (assuming both have 32 megabytes of RAM). Since older

16-bit applications run in a separate address space, one can crash without crashing other applications or the operating system. Security and management features not available on Windows 95 are provided. The Workstation has the same desktop user interface as Windows 95.

2) Windows NT Server: it is

designed for business machines which need network- attached services. This server together with an internet server such as Microsoft’s internet information server which is required for windows system for web pages.

This server is the second most installed network server operating system after Novell's NetWare operating system. NT servers are replaced both NetWare and the various UNIX-based systems such as those of Sun Microsystems and Hewlett-Packard. Some main features of the Windows 2000 products are:

It is a fully-customizable administrative console which is based on tasks rather than files, applications, or users.

A new file directory such as AD (Active Directory) that supports the administrator view and other users view and support every file and application in the network from a single point-of-view.

Dynamic Domain Name Server (DNS), some changes occur in the network using the Active Directory Services, the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), and the Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) whenever clients need some reconfiguration.

An ability to create, extend, modify or mirror a disk volume without having to shut down the computer system and to back up data to a variety of magnetic and optical storage disk such as hard disk and floppy disk.

A Distributed File System (DFS) that allows users to check a distributed set of files in a single file structure across departments, divisions, or an entire company.

It is responsible for close integration which supports Microsoft's Message Queue Server, Microsoft Transaction Server, and Internet Information Server (IIS).

Advantages of Windows NT:-

Today Windows NT server used for networking which supplies many capabilities due to their advantages. These are:-

o Windows NT server is developed and sold by Microsoft. It provides supports and updates. Many Users who are familiar with Microsoft Windows will find themselves comfortably using Windows NT.

o Many users supports Windows NT hosting utilize Active Server Pages technology. This is the main reason why people are turning to Windows NT hosting.

o Most Users can develop web site using familiar interface of Microsoft tools such as Microsoft FrontPage, Visual

Interdev, and Microsoft Access. With ASP users can develop a database-driven web site using Microsoft Access and Microsoft SQL as the database.

Disadvantages of windows NT:-

Windows NT server has some disadvantages. These are:-

o Windows NT requires more system resource. Users need a most powerful host or machine to run Windows NT server.

o The Windows NT does not have a good reputation in term of server stability. It required reboot more frequent than Unix.

o The costs of applications that can run on web server are usually higher than that of Unix. For example, we can find a lot of free scripts to run chat room, web stats, email for Unix-based web site, but we will not find any free applications in NT server.

o If we are using Windows NT (2000) hosting services, we may find ourself investing a lot of money in the development tools. Most of them are Microsoft products.

Difference between NT and UNIX:-

Windows NT and UNIX both operating systems are the most powerful operating system which provide excellent platforms for Web hosting, and they perform well. But some differences are follow. These are:-

Windows NT supports most Microsoft products which includes Microsoft FrontPage. It is a popular Web authoring tool.

Windows NT supports Active Server Pages which is a popular programming that allows users to build dynamically database-driven web pages.

Some Remote interactive access, via telnet is only supported under UNIX.

The majorities of existing CGI programs that are available on the Internet have been developed on Unix platforms and install and operate much more smoothly under Unix operating system.

Bibliography:-

Operating system concepts, 6 th edition by silberschatz and galvin

REFERENCES:-

http:// www.ehow.com/about_5480138_netwo

rking operating system.html

wiki.answers.com/Q/ operating system

http://www.aaxnet.com/ topics/lan.html