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Towards Designing Better Maps for Indoor Navigation –Experiences from a Case Study

UXLab meeting - 2012/03/29��+SNU GSCST, Department of Digital Contents Convergence

Arto Puikkonen , Ari-Heikki Sarjanoja , Merja Haveri , Jussi Huhtala, Jonna Häkkilä

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Nokia Research CenterArto Puikkonen , Ari-Heikki Sarjanoja , Merja Haveri , Jussi Huhtala, Jonna Häkkilä

2009 ACM article

PhD in 2007 at University of Oulu, Finland, thesis considered usability issues with context-aware mobile applications

Jonna Häkkilä Leading Context-Aware Social Media (CASM) research team at Tampere laboratory, Nokia Research Center, Finland

1.Introduction

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-Indoor navigation systems

-Shopping malls, large exhibitions or indoor theme parks.

-In these crowded environments, guiding systems could make life easier not only for people with special needs, but all visitors.

1.Introduction

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Indoor navigation vs Outdoor navigation

1.Introduction

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2.Indoor navigation

Navigation systems can be utilized in numerous other ways in addition to simple route finding, such as location- sensitive advertising or friend tracking

Two salient features for a map-based service – finding points of interests and friends. These features can easily be adapted to large shopping malls, which often are large and crowded, and where the utilitarian needs of shopping are often combined with social interaction.

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-Browser-based application (kamppi.nokia.mobi) -Showing the architectural design -All landmarks are shown in the form of icons-Category from the list below the map

landmark : escalators, elevators and lavatories. # ���� �& "* "� 

3.Study setting

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-The user can locate specific stores, their own position and the position of their Facebook friends -The whereabouts of a user is given with the accuracy of a section(floor 4, section A)-Information about the stores and the shopping center itself, as well as discounts. -A possibility to rate the stores on a one-to-five star rating scale, leave comments-Users of the system have an access to exclusive gift vouchers, which are distributed only through the service. -All the items can be found either by browsing through categories or by searching them.

3.Study setting

The service developed in a research project has novelty in combining indoor positioning, social networking and advertisement aspects.

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-A total of 23 users-The 2-day user study taking place at the Kamppi shopping mall. -They formed two groups: 11 students and 12 regular visitors. -Three of them used a navigation device weekly, three monthly, six had never tried such, and the rest had tried one at least once. -The users formed an age range of 20 to 41. -The 1.5 hour background questionnaire + few interview questions and grading of the features + post-hoc questions about the tests -The tasks utilized the different features of the service. -They focused especially on the ones related to the understanding of the map and finding targets.

4. User study

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-The two groups had tasks that were optimized for the particular target users. -Students performed tasks, which related to finding their Facebook friends in the mall, and regular visitors performed tasks, which related to finding certain stores.

4. User study

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4. User study

-The threat of the test procedure getting too long and exhausting for the participants -The selected task sets were decided.

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5. Result - Findings

1.Vertical navigation 2.Orientation and relative positioning3.Navigation by visible landmarks4.Consistency between the UI design and real world.

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-In addition to the traditional 2D location, indoor navigation system should be able to spot the users location also vertically - not only in meters but in actual floors

-The users clearly had no idea of compass directions or the location of the streets outside the mall, so the only way of navigation was by using some eye-catching items and landmarks inside the building.

-Those maps did not point out all landmarks by default, which made the navigation rather difficultMany users asked for more detailed location information - especially for those users who were not already familiar with the mall.

-On those maps, certain landmarks were marked with icons, However, in their experience, the use of icons was not an optimal design solution either. Users clearly had difficulty connecting these symbols to the actual artifacts in their vicinity

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5. Result - Recommendations for UI Design

1.Orientation & landmarks

Avoid detaching the landmarks from the general architecture shown in the map

Heavy pruning of details and simplification of the graphical layout.-Using a less detailed map, which only shows the eye-catchers, e.g., pillars, strange corners, large windows, shop signs, etc., could make the orientation easier.

Do not use icon for landmark-They marked the most important landmarks, such as escalators, elevators and entries, with icons, which turned out to have its difficulties.

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2.The cognitive and embodied skills

They suggest diminishing the cognitive load from users by reducing the need to determine the current location.-The directions can be given in relation to the user’s position, i.e. ‘The shop you are looking for is located one floor up’. With these kinds of directions, users do not have to orientate themselves in the mall, but can navigate to the shop directly.

3.Consistency( colors and shapes..etc..)

They recommend doing part of the design work in situ to contrive consistency between the map and environment.-In an outdoor environment, the consistency between real-life objects is straightforward.Indoors the situation is different. The materials, colors and shapes of the environment vary from building to building. 

Naturally, the positioning accuracy has also an effect on the usability of the application.

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Indoor navigation system

1.Indoor Navigation – The new gold rush? Part-1http://bdnooz.com/2009/11/08/indoor-navigation-%E2%80%93-the-new-gold-rush-part-1/#axzz1qQ7m7ipS

2.Nokia tweaks Bluetooth for indoor navigatiohttp://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4230993/Nokia-tweaks-Bluetooth-for-indoor-navigation

3.Why indoor navigation is so hardhttp://radar.oreilly.com/2011/10/indoor-navigation.html

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