towards common steps to curb emissions: the transnational strategy of apice project

Towards common steps to curb emissions:

the Transnational Strategy of APICE ProjectVeneto Region/CORILA

Elena Gissi, PhD, Assistant Professor, Iuav University of Venice/CORILA, [email protected]

Venice, 8thof November, 2012

Transnational strategy - CONTENTS

1.The Transnational Strategy: What is about?

2.General approach: mandate

3.The role of stakeholders;

4.Science and Policy – APICE perspective

5.Targets of emissions reduction;

6.Methodology of planning cycle (data and measures; scenarios; time perspective)

7.Measures’ Assessment (criteria and participation);

8.Results (measures) – comparison between Partners:

Ship emissions

Cargo handling and Diesel equipment

Road traffic and rail traffic

Coordination, Inventorying, Coordinating and Communicating

8. Conclusions

Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

1. The Transnational Strategy: What is about?



The Transnational Strategy is the result

of bottom up process,

that have taken place in the 5 Port-Cities.




The Transnational Strategy is the result

of bottom up process,

that have taken place in the 5 Port-Cities.

The contents arise from the comparison of the discussions of APICE Partners

with local stakeholders in each Port City

Decision makers and main Port actors were involved to address air quality

and to find out a paths for pollution mitigationwith innovative solutions

2. General approach


2. General approach to the discussion

Approach

Sustainable development of port activities towards win-win strategies, respectful of the environment and human health

Mandate - General target

_ to pursue EU requirements for coasts and seas sustainable management, as required by the Maritime Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) and recommended by the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (2002)

_ to define a common Mediterranean strategy for the mitigation of Port, Industries and Cities Emissions, which can be used to upgrade Protocol of Pollution (under the framework of Barcelona Convention, 2006)

_to achieve International and European emissions reduction targets – to find rapid answers, where legal innovation and changes are slow


8

3. The role of stakeholders (1/2)


9

StakeholdersActions/measures



10

Stakeholders

Enforceability

Actions/measures

Norms-rules



11

Stakeholders

Enforceability

Implementability

Actions/measures

Norms-rules

Role-commitment



12

Stakeholders

Enforceability

Implementability

Actions/measures

Norms-rules

Role-commitment

Costs



13

Stakeholders groups

Group 1. Stakeholders in charge of taking public decisions, as Local Authorities (Municipal, Provincial and Regional ones), Port Autorities, Authorities and Government in charge of Air Quality and Planning (regional or provincial), Environmental Agencies

Group 2. Stakeholders in charge of operating in coastal areas – in charge of private preferences/decisions, as Shipping operators, Port Traders, Trade Associations ,etc.

Group 3. General Public / local communities, as Associations, Citizens, Universities, Research and Study Centers, etc.

Level of Interaction Type of Interaction

Co-operating Interactive activities (working tables, technical exchange etc)

Co-thinking Surveys, working tables, presentations, Press conferences, interviews

Co-knowing Brochures, articles, Website, e-newsletter

Several stakeholders were involved in APICE activities, with the participation of main stakeholders, through working tables, technical exchanges and interviews...



BRIDGING THE GAP TOWARDS INFORMED POLICIES

To support a durable dialogue between bodies in charge of air quality monitoring and modelling with the stakeholders involved in decision making process

4. Science and Policy


BRIDGING THE GAP TOWARDS INFORMED POLICIES

To support a durable dialogue between bodies in charge of air quality monitoring and modelling with the stakeholders involved in decision making process

Communication

4. Science and Policy


Top-down approach (Marseilles): targets of emissions reduction established a-priori according to Directives and Documents at National and Regional level

Bottom-up approach (Barcelona, Venice, Genova): Assessment of mitigation potential through, starting from potential mitigation of a mix of several actions; assessment of concentrations reduction through modelling.

5. Targets of emissions reduction



International, National, Regional targets on concentrations and emissions




Source Specific Performance Standards






Project/theme/activity Specific Standards and goals







CASE STUDY AREA EMISSIONS REDUCTION GOALS








_ Time projections of targets achievement

_ Feasibility of targets achievement with the measures put in place (tracking methods)

CASE STUDY AREA EMISSIONS REDUCTION GOALS





APICE




Aim: to coniugate monitoring, measuring, modelling and decision making by sharing data and information on activities.

6. APICE Methodology: the Planning Cycle


Concentrations

Scenarios_Activities_Location_Timing_Stakeholders involved

Emissions

Strategies and Measures

INVENTORYING




Atmospheric Model Concentrations


Emissions


INVENTORYING

MONITORING




Atmospheric Model Concentrations


Emissions


INVENTORYING

MONITORING

Time Perspective for modellingBarcelona 2015 Venice 2020

Genova 2020Thessaloniki 2020

Marseilles 2025




Measures cat. 1: Ship emissions

Strategy for each Case Study area

Measures cat. 2: Diesel Powered equipment

Measures cat. 3: Cargo handling equipment

Measures cat. 4: Rail emissions

Measures cat. 5: Diesel road vehicles

Measures cat. 7: Inventoring, Monitoring, Communicating

Measures cat. 6: Solid Bulks

7. Towards local adaptation plans


Action no 1.1

Action no 1.2

...

Action no 1.n

Cluster of stakeholders no. 1.1


...

Cluster of stakeholders no. 1.n





Action no 1.1

Action no 1.2

...

Action no 1.n



...

Cluster of stakeholders no. 1.n

Roadmap for Local Adaptation Plan


LOCAL ASSESSMENT




Criteria on which actions/measures were assessed per each case study area

RANKING CRITERIA WEIGHT

1 Cost-effectiveness 9,28

2 Implementability 9,00

3Emissions reduction potential 8,67

4 Technical feasibility 8,39

5 Costs 8,22

6 Enforceability 8,17

7 Co-benefits 8,00

8 Potential funding opportunities 8,00

9 Measureable results 7,22

10 Timeframe 5,50


7. Towards local adaptation plans – Local assessment

RANKING CRITERIA WEIGHT

1 Cost-effectiveness 9,28

2 Implementability 9,00

3Emissions reduction potential 8,67

4 Technical feasibility 8,39

5 Costs 8,22

6 Enforceability 8,17

7 Co-benefits 8,00

8 Potential funding opportunities 8,00

9 Measureable results 7,22

10 Timeframe 5,50

To evaluate the feasibility of actions, between environmental aspects and economic aspects.

Criteria assessment through Delphi Method, which relies on a panel of experts to assign weights and priorities, opportunities and threats of each criterion.

18 participants, from experts and stakeholders of the 5 port-cities



7. Towards local adaptation plans – Local assessment


Measures cat. 2: Diesel Powered equipment

Measures cat. 3: Cargo handling equipment

Measures cat. 4: Rail emissions

Measures cat. 5: Diesel road vehicles

Roadmap for Local Adaptation Plan

Measures cat. 7: Inventoring, Monitoring, Communicating LO

CA

L A

SS

ES

SM

EN

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Measures cat. 6: Solid Bulks

8. Local assessment



Implementability/Enforceability

a. Regulatory actions, as rules, by-laws, upgrading of international, national or local normative frameworks;

b. Non-regulatory actions, some examples: implementation of operational protocols with respect to activities, shared by stakeholders; partnerships and incentive/defiscalization programs; re-discussion of port requirements with respect to contracts, leases, agreements, etc.

Types of Actions – on engines

1.Technological strategies (Retrofit, Repower, Refuel, Repair/Rebuild, Replace, Improving Fuel Efficiency)

2.Operational strategies (Trucking: Reduced overnight idling, Reduced pick-up/drop-off idling, Port access improvements, Reduced highway speeds, Arterial signal synchronization, Driver training, Reduced empty mileage, etc; Marine: Cold ironing (electrification), Reduced port equipment idling, Reduced hotelling time, Reduced vessel speeds, Use of more efficient ships, etc

8. Local assessment



Emerging points – the need for a Mediterranean Port-Cities Network

Relation between each case study area and the International legal framework

need to create a network of local stakeholders to interact with EU and International Stakeholders

Relation between each case study area and the main economic actors, which are International

need to create a network of local stakeholders to interact with International Economic Actors

Relation between each case study area and its local conditions

need to reflect on the territorialization of targets and standards on local conditions

9. Common Transnational Strategy - Results


Similar context_EU Directives on Air Quality_International legislation on ships (MARPOL, Annex VI)_EU reccomandation on ICZM and Framework Directive on Marine Strategy_Trans-European Transport Networks TEN-T_EU Standards per vehicles categories (Directive 2001/116/EC)_Fuel markets – global markets



Local differences_Geographic, climate, topographic_Emissions (inventorying and monitoring)_Economic Situation, Trends and Scenarios of each Port Cities_Stakeholders involved, political agendas, capacity to involve key actors_State of the art in term of Air Quality Planning and Management_National, Regional and local legislation and planning framework



Local differences_Geographic, climate, topographic_Emissions (inventorying and monitoring)_Economic Situation, Trends and Scenarios of each Port Cities_Stakeholders involved, political agendas, capacity to involve key actors_State of the art in term of Air Quality Planning and Management_National, Regional and local legislation and planning framework

APICE

Similar context_EU Directives on Air Quality_International legislation on ships (MARPOL, Annex VI)_EU reccomandation on ICZM and Framework Directive on Marine Strategy_Trans-European Transport Networks TEN-T_EU Standards per vehicles categories (Directive 2001/116/EC)_Fuel markets – global markets

Action 1.1: On-shore Power Supply (OPS)

Action 1.2: Change fuel while manouvreing

Action 1.3: Alternative fuel (LNG)

Measure 2: Diesel powered equip-ment and Cargo handling equipment

Action 2.1: Accelerated fleet turnover

Action 2.2: Idle reduction programs

Action 2.3: Alternative fuels

Measure 1: Ship Emissions

Action 3.1: Improvement of road system (to avoid congestion)

Action 3.2: Environmental excellence certification for trucks

Action 3.3: Mode switching - Alternative fuels (CNG, LNG, hybrid)


Measure 3: Road Traffic

Action 4.1: Increase rail ratio through economic incentives

Action 4.2: Improvement of rail system (access, avoid congestion)

Action 4.3: Track electrification

Measure 4: Rail Traffic

Action 5.1: Monitoring and control (protocol or agreement between stakeholders, etc)

Action 5.2: Port Air Quality Steering/Working Committee

Action 5.3: Data Sharing: Inventoring Emissions and Monitoring concentrations as the base for planning

Action 5.4: Communication strategy

Measure 5: Inventorying, Monitor-ing, Coordinating, Communicating

10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures


Measure: SHIP EMISSIONS

Action 1.1: On-shore Power Supply (OPS)

Cities: All (Barcelona, Genova, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venice)

1.110. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures


Analysis-Marseilles: (1) scenario involved one terminal and ships in rotation between Marseille and Corsica Island of by Marseille Port Authority, AirPACA and CNM Company;

-Venice: (1) OPS with energy production by Marghera power plant (by ENEL and Venice Port Authority); (2) OPS based on compact combined heat and power systems located in the vicinity of the docks (gas powered motors) (by VTP Engineering); (3) OPS through LNG Hybrid Barge (Hamburg Port case study).

Observations

Impacts at local scale in reducing potential impacts on highly urbanized areas.

Local relevance of the emissions reduction, that might justify strong initial investments, as for the proximity to population.

The emissions potential reduction with respect to the overall emissions inventory might be less relevant.


Action 1.2: Change fuel while manouvreing

Cities: All (Barcelona, Genova, Marseilles, Venice)



Analysis-New limits in sulphure content by 2020 imposed by IMO and EU Directive under revision;

-Port Autorities, Ship Companies and ship operators towards 2020

-Fuel availability in 2020 (revision in 2018 to update the schedule) under discussion

-Retrofitting technologies as an alternative to the use of low sulphure fuels

Observations

Impacts in anticipating the entry into force and to discuss on implementability at local, Regional and International level

Questions of Home Ports, about fuel availability and fuel price

Importance in studying local impacts of the measure, affecting single engines, but whose effectiveness should be assessed with respect to local traffic and trends of economic development


Action 1.3: Alternative fuel (LNG)

Cities: All (Barcelona, Genova, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venice)



Analysis-Barcelona: LNG implementation requires (i) International and National legislation for ships with LNG propulsion; (ii) infrastructure and logistics for LNG; (iii) network for LNG promotion in maritime transport.

ObservationsScenario characterized by contextual uncertainties, that should be faced by a work in network at International and local level, and by economic and institutional actors.Successful strategy on LNG if implemented in a Network of ports, that could be related to EU transport Strategies, as TEN-T network and Motorways of the Sea (proposal of Barcelona) and/or according to Home Ports for ships engaged in scheduled traffic with frequent and regular port calls.Reference: COSTA - 2011-EU-21007-S, TEN-T Multi-Annual Programme, LNG for Short Sea Shipping in the Mediterranean, Atlantic Ocean and Black Sea areas

Measure 2: Diesel powered equipment and Cargo handling equipment

Action 2.1: Accelerated fleet turnover


Action 2.3: Alternative fuels

Cities: Barcelona, Marseilles, Thessaloniki (not considered in Venice because of low contribution to emissions of the sectors)

2.xTowards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

Analysis

Legal framework: non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) directives;

Contribution of Port Equipment sectors – different situations in different Ports, according to local situations and data.

Observations Enforceability: through programs to sustain EU standards requirementsVoluntary actions and Port Decisions – different situations in different Ports, according to Local Programs, local decisions, and the re-discussion of Port requirements with respect to contracts, leases, agreements, etc.


Measure: Road traffic





Cities: Barcelona, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venice

3.x

Analysis-Great impact in terms of emissions in all Ports;-Directive 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC on heavy-duty vehicles; «Intelligent transport systems - A smart move for Europe» Road transport and interfaces with other modes adopted by the 16/12/2008: (i) coordinate and accelerate deployment of ITS; (ii) make road transport more sustainableObservations Enforceability: through programs to sustain EU standards requirementsVoluntary actions and the support by Public Policies – different situations in different countries, according to National Legislations and Programs, and local decisions



Measure: Road traffic






3.x

Analysis-Great impact in terms of emissions in all Ports;-Directive 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC on heavy-duty vehicles; «Intelligent transport systems - A smart move for Europe» Road transport and interfaces with other modes adopted by the 16/12/2008: (i) coordinate and accelerate deployment of ITS; (ii) make road transport more sustainableObservations Enforceability: through programs to sustain EU standards requirementsVoluntary actions and the support by Public Policies – different situations in different countries, according to National Legislations and Programs, and local decisions



Local Adaptation Plan for Marseilles

Improvement of road traffic management

5.1 – Speed reduction over the Bouches-du-Rhône area after a first technical feasibility study – Regulatory action

5.2 – To insert the air problematic into the dynamic regulation of the road traffic for the highway between St Maximin and Aix en Provence – Regulatory

To improve the performances of vehicles

8.0 - To set a target of 30% for the fleet turnover (private and public fleet > 50 vehicles) - Regulatory action

Measure: Rail traffic



Action 4.3: Track electrification (Port infrastructure)


Analysis

White paper titled ‘Roadmap to a single European transport area – towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ (COM(2011) 144 final): (among others) (i) developing a true internal market for rail services (ii) multimodal transport of goods (e-freight);

ObservationsNational Policies on rail freight, to answer to European Policy, orient the implementation of rail infrastructures and transport ratio, with strong impacts at local level, where Ports and local Authorities can operate for their part.Wide convergence of stakeholders and economic actors on the conversion to rail mode



Measure: Rail traffic





Analysis


ObservationsNational Policies on rail freight, to answer to European Policy, orient the implementation of rail infrastructures and transport ratio, with strong impacts at local level, where Ports and local Authorities can operate for their part.Wide convergence of stakeholders and economic actors on the conversion to rail mode


Source: Eurostat, 2011


10. Common Transnational Strategy – MeasuresMeasure: Rail traffic





Analysis


ObservationsNational Policies on rail freight, to answer to European Policy, orient the implementation of rail infrastructures and transport ratio, with strong impacts at local level, where Ports and local Authorities can operate for their part.Convergence of stakeholders and economic actors on the conversion to rail mode


Source: Eurostat, 2011

Measure: Inventorying, Monitoring, Coordinating, Communicating

Action 5.1: Monitoring and control (protocol or agreement between stakeholders, etc)

Action 5.2: Port Air Quality Steering/Working Committee

Action 5.3: Data Sharing: Inventorying Emissions and Monitoring concentrations as the base for planning

Action 5.4: Communication strategy

Cities: All (Barcelona, Genova, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venezia)

5.x

Analysis Stakeholders involved in each Port City, and Main Actors (Port Authorities, Local Administrations, Economic Actors) involvedObservationsStakeholders participation is crucial (i) to find innovative solutions between Enforceability and Implementability; (ii) for data sharing and update emissions invetories, as to connect Policy and ScienceStrategic action to support decision making process not per Sectors (air quality management, economic policies, urban policies, etc) but through integration.



- 5 Port-Cities share a common approach to air quality to investigate a robust methodology to link monitoring-inventorying and planning;

- It is important to put in relationship the analysis of Port Cities emissions in an integrated way, from local to regional dimension;

- Involvement of the stakeholders on topics which will have common impacts on Port-Cities, and which local communities alone might be not able to face;

- Special attention to the Mediterranean Sea, as to implement an approach through the cooperation and dialogue of Port-Cities and major Economic Actors


11. Common Transnational Strategy – Conclusions





Emission Contral Area of the Mediterranean







Emission Contral Area of the Mediterranean



Still controvertial, need for a wide discussion at international European and Non European level, as to position the Mediterranean Sea in the context of Global maritime routes.

Enforceability through IMO decision

Towards common steps to curb emissions:

the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Regione Veneto - CORILA

Elena Gissi, PhD, Assistant Professor, Iuav University of Venice, [email protected]

8th November 2012

towards common steps to curb emissions: the transnational strategy of apice project

Documents

common mediterranean

cities emissions

slowtowards common steps

discussions of apice

mitigation of port

local stakeholders

port citydecision makers

main port actors