tourismnotes

8/12/2019 tourismnotes

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LESSON 1

TOURISM CONCEPT &PERSPECTIVES

1.2 CHANGING FACETS OF TOURISMFrom the very inception of ife! tr"ve h"# f"#cin"te$ m"n. Travel and tourism have een im!ortantso"ial a"tivities o# human ein$s #rom time immemorial% The %r&e to e!lore ne' !la"es'ithinone(# o'n co%ntry or o%t#i$e "n$ #ee) " ch"n&e of environment * e+perience h"# ,een e+perience$from "ncient time#.

To%ri#m i# one of the 'or$(# mo#t r"pi$y &ro'in& in$%#trie#.M%ch of it# &ro'th i# $%e to hi$her dis!osale in"omes! in"reased leisure time"n$ #allin$ "osts o#travel%A# "irport# ,ecome more en-oy",e p"ce# to p"## thro%&h! "# tr"ve "&ency #ervice# ,ecomeincre"#in&y "%tom"te$! "n$ "# to%ri#t# fin$ it e"#ier to &et inform"tion on p"ce# they '"nt to vi#it!to%ri#m &ro'#.The Internet has #uelled the $ro'th o# the travel industr(,y provi$in& on ine ,oo)in& f"ciitie#. Ith"# "#o provi$e$ peope 'ith the po'er to e+pore $e#tin"tion# "n$ c%t%re# from their home per#on"comp%ter# "n$ m")e informe$ choice# ,efore fin"iin& tr"ve p"n#. /ith it# immen#e inform"tionre#o%rce#! the Internet "o'# to%ri#t# to #cr%tinie hote#! chec) 'e"ther forec"#t#! re"$ %p on oc" foo$"n$ even t") to other to%ri#t# "ro%n$ the 'or$ ",o%t their tr"ve e+perience# for " cho#en $e#tin"tion.Thi# ne' tren$ h"# m"$e the to%ri#m -o, very ch"en&in&. The hoi$"y m")er# '"nt " &oo$ r"te of

ret%rn on their inve#tment. They "re to ,e %re$ 'ith v"%e "$$ition# "n$ improve$ c%#tomer #ervice.Thi# "#o p%t emph"#i# on the re&%"r fo' of m"npo'er 'ith #pecific #)i# "t the "ppropri"te eve# tom"tch "n$ c"ter to &o," #t"n$"r$#. The #%cce## of the ho#pit"ity in$%#try come# from provi#ion of0%"ity room#! foo$! #ervice "n$ "m,i"nce. There i# no $o%,t th"t fitne## h"# incre"#in&y ,ecome ""r&er p"rt of everyone(# ife.An$ ,%#ine## "n$ ei#%re tr"veer# "i)e oo) to m"int"in their fitne## &o"# 'hie "'"y from home.A'areness should e "reated aout the environment and edu"ation% A coective effort "n$ cooper"tion 'ith po'erf% net'or)in& "re the nee$ of the ho%r. eope #ho%$ ,e "ctin& "# the '"tch$oof the #ociety "# f"r "# environment" i##%e# "re concerne$. Ecoto%ri#t# "re " &ro'in& comm%nity "n$to%ri#m promotion# h"ve to "$opt #%ch ecopr"ctice# 'hich co%$ fit thi# &ro'in& comm%nity.Another&ro'in& tren$ in the to%ri#m #cene i# the Incentive M"r)et "n$ the #cope of the $e#tin"tion to "ttr"ct

conference# "n$ convention tr"ffic. Here the pro#pect# "re ,etter for tho#e $e#tin"tion# 'here #t"te of the"rt infr"#tr%ct%re h"# ,een $eveope$ "on& 'ith " #"fe "n$ ce"n im"&e.To%ri#m to$"y i# m%ch more th"n -%#t develo!in$ !rodu"ts. It i# more ",o%t 0%"ity! in#i&htf% thin)in&"n$ ",iity to h"ve &o," inform"tion ",o%t technoo&y! p"rtner#! cont"ct# "n$ re#pon$in& 0%ic)y to&o," "n$ re&ion" tren$#. The f%n$"ment" t"#) ,efore to%ri#m promotion i# to f"ciit"te inte&r"tion ofthe v"rio%# component# in the to%ri#m tr"$e "# "ctive p"rticip"nt# in the n"tion(# #oci" "n$ c%t%r" ife.There i# " on& ro"$ "he"$.A m%#t 'or) to'"r$# " #ociety 'here peope c"n 'or) "n$ p"rticip"te "# e0%" p"rtner#. To%ri#m#ho%$ ,e " vehice for intern"tion" cooper"tion "n$ %n$er#t"n$in& of the v"rio%# civii"tion# "n$ "h"r,in&er of pe"ce.From the fore&oin& 'e c"n #ee ho' f"#t the f"ce of to%ri#m i# ch"n&in& "n$ ho' ch"en&in& the -o, of

tr"ve "&encie# i# no'. There i# therefore " nee$ for proper tr"inin& of the per#onne 'or)in& in thein$%#try thro%&h thoro%&h "n$ " $et"ie$ #t%$y of the #%,-ect A %nifie$ "ppro"ch to the #%,-ect i# "#onee$e$ #ince "t pre#ent peope from $ifferent fie$# h"ve ,een #t%$yin& to%ri#m from $ifferentper#pective#.1.3 4IFFERENT ERSECTI5ES ON THE STU46 OF TOURISM1. )eo$ra!hi"al Pers!e"tive from " &eo&r"pher(# per#pective the m"in concern of to%ri#m i# to oo)into "#pect# i)e the &eo&r"phic" oc"tion of " p"ce! the cim"te! the "n$#c"pe! the environment! thephy#ic" p"nnin& "n$ the ch"n&e# in the#e emer&in& from provi#ionin& of to%ri#m f"ciitie# "n$"menitie#. A &eo&r"pher fee# th"t it i# the cim"te! "n$#c"pe or phy#ic" "ttri,%te# 'hich $r"' the

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to%ri#t to " $e#tin"tion! for e+"mpe7 if " per#on from 4ehi &oe# to Shim" in the #%mmer he $oe# #o,ec"%#e of the cooer cim"te 'hich he c"nnot &et in 4ehi*% So"iolo$i"al Pers!e"tive From " #ocioo&i#t(# per#pective To%ri#m i# " #oci" "ctivity7 it i# ",o%tinter"ction ,et'een $ifferent comm%nitie#8ho#t# "n$ &%e#t#8"n$ enco%nter ,et'een $ifferentc%t%re#. Thi# "ppro"ch #t%$ie# #oci" c"##e#! h",it# "n$ c%#tom# of ,oth ho#t# "n$ &%e#t# in term# ofto%ri#m ,eh"vio%r of in$ivi$%"# or &ro%p# of peope "n$ the imp"ct of to%ri#m on #ociety.+% ,istori"al Pers!e"tive -from "n hi#tori"n(# per#pective to%ri#m i# " #t%$y of the f"ctor# in#tr%ment"in the initi"tion of to%ri#m to " p"rtic%"r $e#tin"tion! the or$er of h"ppenin e"$in& to to%ri#m

$eveopment! the re"#on# for h"ppenin& of the occ%rrence# in th"t or$er! ,enefici"rie# of the to%ri#t"ctivity "n$ "n %ntimey "n$ prem"t%re i$entific"tion of ne&"tive effect#. For e+"mpe 'e " )no' th"t" ot of to%ri#t# vi#it T"- M"h" in A&r" ,%t " hi#tori"n 'o%$ ,e intere#te$ in #t%$yin& the f"ctor# th"t,rin& the to%ri#t there! e.&. the "rchitect%re! the #tory ,ehin$ the mon%ment! or #omethin& e#e th"t $r"'#them there..% Mana$erial Pers!e"tive from the m"n"&ement per#pective to%ri#m i# "n in$%#try! "n$ thereforenee$# m"n"&eri" #)i# in or$er to ,e propery m"n"&e$. A# the in$%#try &ro'# 'e #eecontin%o%# ch"n&e# in v"rio%# or&"ni"tion# "n$ #ervice# in)e$ 'ith the in$%#try! the to%ri#m pro$%ct#"n$ #o on #o thi# "ppro"ch concentr"te# on m"n"&ement "ctivitie# #%ch "# p"nnin&! re#e"rch!pricin&!m"r)etin&! contro etc. "# vit" to the oper"tion of " to%ri#t e#t",i#hment./% E"onomi" Pers!e"tive9 From "n economi#t(# per#pective to%ri#m i# " m"-or #o%rce of forei&n

e+ch"n&e e"rnin! " &ener"tor of per#on" "n$ corpor"te income#! " cre"tor of empoyment "n$ "contri,%tor to &overnment e"rnin. It i# " $omin"nt &o," "ctivity #%rp"##in& even tr"$e in oi "n$m"n%f"ct%re$ &oo$#. Economi#t# #t%$y the effect# of to%ri#m in$%#try on the economy. Thi# i# " t'o'"y proce##.1%. T,E IMPORT0NCE O M0N0)ERI0L 0N2 ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES TO T,E

STU23 O TOURISM

No' $%e to hi&her $i#po#",e income#! incre"#e$ ei#%re time "n$ f"in& co#t of tr"ve! the To%ri#min$%#try h"# #ho'n " very hi&h &ro'th "n$ #ince to%ri#m i# " #ervice in$%#try it compri#e# of " n%m,erof t"n&i,e "n$ int"n&i,e component#. The tan$ile elements in"lude trans!ort s(stems - air4rail4road4 'ater and no'4 s!a"e5 hos!italit( servi"es - a""ommodation4 #ood and evera$e4 tours4

souvenirs5 and related servi"es su"h as an6in$4 insuran"e and sa#et( and se"urit(% The int"n&i,e

eement# inc%$e: re#t "n$ re"+"tion!c%t%re! e#c"pe! "$vent%re! ne' "n$ $ifferent e+perience#.A# there "re n%m,er of ,o$ie# invove$ the nee$ "ri#e# for " m"n"&ement of #ervice# re"te$ to thi#in$%#try "n$ #o the #t%$y of To%ri#m "c0%ire# " &re"t pr"ctic" nece##ity "n$ %#ef%ne##.To%ri#m in$%#try i# very f"#t &ro'in& "n$ thi# in$%#try invove# "ctivitie# "n$ intere#t# of Tr"n#portUn$ert")in! O'ner# of To%ri#t Site# "n$ Attr"ction#!5"rio%# to%ri#t Service rovi$er# "t the to%ri#t$e#tin"tion# "n$ Centr" "n$ ;oc" Government! etc. E"ch of the#e #erve# ,oth the re#i$ent pop%"tion"n$ the to%ri#t# "n$ their m"n"&ement m%#t reconcie the nee$# of to%ri#t# 'ith the nee$# of the re#i$entpop%"tion. So it ,ecome# import"nt to #t%$y to%ri#m from the per#pective of M"n"&ement! #ince them"n"&ement of v"rio%# ,o$ie# in thi# in$%#try i# inv"$e$.

1.< TOURISM 9 4EFINITION AN4 MEANING

In In$i" 'e #ee the ori&in of the concept of To%ri#m in S"n#)rit ;iter"t%re. It h"# &iven %# three term#$erive$ from the root 'or$ 70tana8 'hi"h means $oin$ out"n$ "ccor$in&y 'e h"ve the term#:Tirthatana It me"n# &oin& o%t "n$ vi#itin& p"ce# of rei&io%# merit.Par(atana It me"n# &oin& o%t for pe"#%re "n$ )no'e$&e.2eshatana -It me"n# &oin& o%t of the co%ntry prim"riy for economic &"in#.In #impe term# To%ri#m i# the "ct of tr"ve for the p%rpo#e# of ei#%re!pe"#%re or ,%#ine##! "n$ theprovi#ion of #ervice# for thi# "ct.There "re t'o im!ortant "om!onents th"t m")e %p to%ri#m:1. The pr"ctice of tr"vein& for pe"#%re.

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2. The ,%#ine## of provi$in& to%r# "n$ #ervice# for per#on# tr"vein&.Here 'e "re $i#c%##in& the fe"t%re# of the ",ove t'o component#The #ollo'in$ are re9uired4 to ma6e travel !ossile: ;Com!onent 1"n&"ore from 4ehi! $eci$e# to &o for " 'ee)en$ to #ee thetempe# in My#ore 'o%$ it ,e tr"ve or to%ri#m1.J 4EFINITIONSThe !rin"i!al "hara"ter in the !henomenon "alled Tourism is the >Tourist? and 'ithout his ein$

around the tourism !henomenon is meanin$less%

The term To%ri#t i# ,eieve$ to h"ve ,een $erive$ from the ;"tin 'or$ >TORNUS?'hich me"n# " too!" circe or a turner?s 'heel%In the #en#e of the 'or$ of the ori&in! to%ri#t i# " per#on 'ho %n$ert")e# "

circ%"r trip! i.e.! %tim"tey come# ,"c) to the p"ce from 'here he #et# ",o%t hi# -o%rney.@ased on the various de#initions o# a Tourist here are some o# the "hara"teristi"s o# a Tourist

1. He t")e# %p hi# -o%rney of hi# o'n free 'i.2. He t")e# %p the -o%rney prim"riy in #e"rch of en-oyment.3. The money #pent on the vi#it i# the money $erive$ from home! not money e"rne$ in the p"ce# ofvi#it.?. He fin"y ret%rn# to hi# ori&in" #t"rtin& point./e no' procee$ to $i#c%## the $efinition of To%ri#t "# &iven ,y /TO.>%t #ince /TO con#i$er# "to%ri#t " type of " 5i#itor. /e 'i fir#t $i#c%## the $efinition of " 5i#itor.

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The =TO in a "on#eren"e held in 1AB+ introdu"ed the term>Visitor?%A 5i#itor i# $efine$ "# Any per#on vi#itin& " co%ntry other th"n th"t in 'hich he h"# hi# %#%" p"ce ofre#i$ence for "ny re"#on other th"n ,ein& intere#te$ in "n occ%p"tion rem%ner"te$ from 'ithin theco%ntry vi#ite$.The term in"ludes t'o t(!es o# visitors:

1% Tourist I# " tempor"ry vi#itor #t"yin& for " perio$ of "t e"#t 2? ho%r# in the co%ntry vi#ite$ "n$ thep%rpo#e of 'ho#e -o%rney c"n ,e c"##ifie$ %n$er one of the foo'in& he"$# :" ;ei#%re @recre"tion! hoi$"y! he"th! #t%$y! rei&ion "n$ #port

, >%#ine##! f"miy! mi##ion! meetin&.

0s !er the =TO?s de#inition #ollo'in$ !ersons are to e re$arded as tourists:

i er#on# tr"vein& for pe"#%re! for $ome#tic re"#on#! for he"th etc.ii er#on# tr"vein& for meetin or in repre#ent"tive c"p"city of "ny )in$ @#cientific! "$mini#tr"tive!rei&io%# etc.iii er#on# tr"vein& for ,%#ine## p%rpo#e#.iv er#on# "rrivin& in the co%r#e of #e" cr%i#e#! even 'hen they #t"y for e## th"n 2? ho%r# @in re#pect ofthi# c"te&ory of per#on# the con$ition of %#%" p"ce of re#i$ence i# '"ive$ off.

,o'ever !ersons elon$in$ to the #ollo'in$ "ate$ories are not "onsidered as tourists:

i er#on# "rrivin& 'ith or 'itho%t " contr"ct to t")e %p "n occ%p"tion or en&"&e in "ny ,%#ine## "ctivityin th"t co%ntry.ii Re#i$ent# in " frontier one "n$ per#on# $omicie$ in one co%ntry "n$ 'or)in& in "n "$-oinin&co%ntry.iii St%$ent# "n$ yo%n& per#on# in ,o"r$in& e#t",i#hment# of #choo#Kcoe&e#.iv Tr"veer# p"##in& thro%&h " co%ntry 'itho%t #toppin&! even if the -o%rney t")e# more th"n 2? ho%r#.

*% E"ursionisti# " tempor"ry vi#itor #t"yin& for " perio$ of e## th"n 2?ho%r# in the co%ntry vi#ite$.@Inc%$in& tr"veer# on the cr%i#e#.The $r"',"c) of the $efinition of " 5i#itor "# per /TO i# th"t it $oe# not t") ",o%t the 5i#it# m"$e'ithin the co%ntry. For the#e p%rpo#e# " $i#tinction i# $r"'n ,et'een " 4ome#tic "n$ "n Intern"tion"

5i#itor.2omesti" Visitor-A per#on 'ho tr"ve# 'ithin the co%ntry he i# re#i$in& in!o%t#i$e the p"ce of hi#%#%" environment for " perio$ not e+cee$in& 12 month#.International Visitor A per#on 'ho tr"ve# to " co%ntry other th"n the one in 'hich he h"# hi# %#%"re#i$ence for " perio$ not e+cee$in& 12 month#.After 'e h"ve $i#c%##e$ the $efinition of " vi#itor! to%ri#t! "n$ e+c%r#ioni#t "# per /TO "n$ m"$e "$i#tinction ,et'een " 4ome#tic "n$ "n Intern"tion" 5i#itor! 'e no' come to $efinition# %#e$ in In$i"for the p%rpo#e of coectin& to%ri#m #t"ti#tic#.C,ECD 3OUR PRO)RESS-III

1. From "mont the per#on# i#te$ ,eo' 'ho " "re inc%$e$ in the $efinition of " To%ri#t" Mr.Ch"n$! " re#i$ent of 4ehi &oe# for " t'o$"y conference to Hy$er","$

, M#. Rin"! " re#i$ent of M%m,"i &oe# for " he"rt tr"n#p"nt to Americ"c M#. Min"! " re#i$ent of 4ehi t")e# " fi&ht for Americ" "n$ the fi&ht h"# " #topover of 3 ho%r# inSin&"pore .I# #he " to%ri#t in Sin&"pore

2e#initions #ollo'ed in India

In re"tion to the $efinition# provi$e$ ,y the /TO! tho#e foo'e$ in In$i" "re $ifferent in #ome '"y#.International Visitor- h"# ,een $efine$ "# " per#on ho$in& " forei&n p"##port! vi#itin& the co%ntry "n$the m"in p%rpo#e of 'ho#e vi#it i# other th"n the e+erci#e of "n "ctivity rem%ner"te$ from 'ithin theco%ntry vi#ite$.

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Intern"tion" To%ri#tAn intern"tion" to%ri#t h"# ,een $efine$ "# " per#on vi#itin& In$i" on " forei&np"##port! #t"yin& "t e"#t 2? ho%r# in In$i" "n$ the p%rpo#e of 'ho#e -o%rney c"n ,e c"##ifie$ %n$er oneof the foo'in& he"$in:;ei#%re @recre"tion! hoi$"y! he"th! #t%$y! rei&ion "n$ #port.>%#ine##! F"miy! Mi##ion "n$ Meetin&.The #ollo'in$ are not re$arded as #orei$n tourists

i er#on# "rrivin& 'ith or 'itho%t contr"ct to t")e %p "n occ%p"tion or en&"&e in "ctivitie# rem%ner"te$from 'ithin the co%ntry.

ii er#on# comin& to e#t",i#h re#i$ence# in the co%ntry.iii N"tion"# of Nep" enterin& In$i" thro%&h "n$ro%te# "on& In$i"Nep" ,or$er.iv A forei&ner# enterin& In$i" from >h%t"n ,y "n$ "n$ chi$ren "&e$ e## th"n three ye"r#.

E"ursionist- he i# " vi#itor #t"yin& e## th"n 2? ho%r# in the co%ntry inc%$in& cr%i#e p"##en&er#.Cruise Passen$er- he i# " vi#itor 'ho "rrive# in the co%ntry ",o"r$ cr%i#e #hip# "n$ 'ho $oe# not #pen$" ni&ht in "n "ccommo$"tion e#t",i#hment in the co%ntry.4ome#tic To%ri#t A per#on 'ho tr"ve#'ithin the co%ntry to " p"ce other th"n hi# %#%" p"ce of re#i$ence "n$ #t"y# "t hote# or other"ccommo$"tion e#t",i#hment# r%n on commerci" ,"#e# or in $h"r"m#h""# or #t"y# 'ith frien$# "n$re"tive# "n$ %#e# #i&ht#eein& f"ciitie#! or &oe# on " pi&rim"&e for " $%r"tion of not e## th"n 2? ho%r#or one ni&ht "n$ not more th"n month# "t " time for "ny of the foo'in& p%rpo#e#:

Le"#%re@hoi$"y! ei#%re! #port# "n$ #o onLi&rim"&e! Rei&io%# "n$ Soci" f%nction#LSt%$y "n$ He"thThe foo'in& "re not re&"r$e$ "# $ome#tic to%ri#t#:Ler#on# "rrivin& 'ith or 'itho%t " contr"ct to t")e %p "n occ%p"tion or en&"&e in "ctivitie#rem%ner"te$ from 'ithin the #t"te centre.Ler#on# vi#itin& their home to'n or n"tive p"ce on e"ve or " #hort vi#it for meetin& re"tion# "n$frien$#! "tten$in& #oci" "n$ rei&io%# f%nction# "n$ #t"yin& in their o'n ho%#e# or 'ith re"tive# "n$frien$# "n$ not %#in& "ny #i&ht#eein& f"ciitie#.LForei&ner# re#i$ent in In$i" .Here 'e o,#erve th"t "# per the In$i"n $efinition! " tr"veer m%#t ho$ " forei&n p"##port to ,e inc%$e$

in the c"te&ory of "n Intern"tion" 5i#itor7 thi# impie# th"t In$i"n# #ette$ ",ro"$ "n$ ho$in& In$i"n"##port# 'i not ,e co%nte$ "# Intern"tion" 5i#itor# 'hen they come to In$i" for recre"tion! ,%#ine##or other #%ch p%rpo#e#. Ho'ever! nonethee## they "re co%nte$ "# 4ome#tic 5i#itor# "n$ #o here 'e #eeth"t c"te&ori"tion i# ,"#e$ onn"tion"ity r"ther th"n p"ce of re#i$ence. >%t "# per /TO $efinition they #ho%$ h"ve ,een inc%$e$ inthe i#t of Intern"tion" 5i#itor#. From thi# 'e c"n ce"ry #ee the $ifference in the In$i"n $efinition "n$the one &iven ,y

/TO.CHEC 6OUR ROGRESS I51. Mr. Rohit! "n In$i"n &oe# to 'or) in Americ" "n$ "fter five month# hecome# to In$i" "n$ vi#it# the "&"nn"th Tempe in Ori##". A# per the In$i"n $efinition i# he "n

Intern"tion" To%ri#t1.1 SE;F ASSESSMENT UESTIONS1. /h"t i# the $efinition "n$ v"rio%# form# of To%ri#m2. /ho " "re inc%$e$ in the $efinition of " to%ri#t "# per /TO3. /h"t i# the $ifference ,et'een:LTr"ve "n$ To%ri#mL4ome#tic "n$ Intern"tion" To%ri#tLA To%ri#t "n$ "n E+c%r#ioni#t

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LESSON *

TOURISM PRO2UCTS:

A to%ri#m pro$%ct c"n ,e $efine$ "# the #%m of the phy#ic" "n$ p#ychoo&ic"#"ti#f"ction it provi$e# to to%ri#t# $%rin& their tr"vein& en ro%te to the $e#tin"tion. The to%ri#t pro$%ctfoc%#e# on f"ciitie# "n$ #ervice# $e#i&ne$ to meet the nee$# of the to%ri#t. It c"n ,e #een "# " compo#itepro$%ct! "# the #%m tot" of " co%ntry(# to%ri#t "ttr"ction#! tr"n#port! "n$ "ccommo$"tion "n$ ofentert"inment 'hich re#%t in c%#tomer #"ti#f"ction. E"ch of the component# of " to%ri#t pro$%ct i##%ppie$ ,y in$ivi$%" provi$er# of #ervice# i)e hote comp"nie#! "irine#! tr"ve "&encie#! etc.The

to%ri#t pro$%ct c"n ,e "n"y#e$ in term# of it# "ttr"ction!"cce##i,iity "n$ "ccommo$"tion.0ttra"tions

Of thethree asi" "om!onents o# a tourist !rodu"t4"ttr"ction# "re very import"nt. Une## there i# "n"ttr"ction! the to%ri#t 'i not ,e motiv"te$ to &oto " p"rtic%"r p"ce. Attr"ction# "re tho#e eement# in "pro$%ct 'hich $etermine the choice m"$e ,y p"rtic%"r to%ri#t to vi#it one p"rtic%"r $e#tin"tion r"therth"n "nother. The "ttr"ction# co%$ ,e c%t%r"! i)e #ite# "n$ "re"# of "rch"eoo&ic" intere#t! hi#toric",%i$in "n$ mon%ment#! for" "n$ f"%n"! ,e"ch re#ort#! mo%nt"in#! n"tion" p"r)# or event# i)e tr"$ef"ir#!e+hi,ition#! "rt# "n$ m%#ic fe#tiv"#! &"me#! etc.To%ri#t $em"n$# "re "#o very m%ch #%#cepti,e toch"n&e# in f"#hion. F"#hioni# "n import"nt f"ctor in the $em"n$ for v"rio%# to%ri#t "ttr"ction# "n$ "menitie#. The to%ri#t 'ho vi#it# "p"rtic%"r p"ce for it# n"t%r" ,e"%ty m"y $eci$e to vi#it #ome other "ttr"ction# $%e to " ch"n&e in

f"#hion.Peter has dra'n u! an inventor(of the v"rio%# "ttr"ction# 'hich "re of #i&nific"nce in to%ri#m. The#e"re &iven ,eo' in " t",e:Inventor( o# Tourist 0ttra"tions Cultural: Site# "n$ "re"# of "rch"eoo&ic" intere#t! Hi#toric",%i$in& #"n$ Mon%ment#! "ce# of hi#toric" #i&nific"nce! M%#e%m#!Mo$ern C%t%re! oitic" "n$E$%c"tion" in#tit%tion#!Rei&io%# In#tit%tion#Traditions:N"tion" Fe#tiv"#! Art# "n$ H"n$icr"ft#! M%#ic! Fo)ore!N"tive ife "n$ C%#tom#S"eni":N"tion" "r)#! /i$ife! For" "n$ F"%n"! >e"ch Re#ort#!Mo%nt"in Re#ort#.Entertainment: "rticip"tion "n$ 5ie'in& #port#! Am%#ement "n$ Recre"tion "r)# Pone# "n$Oce"n"ri%m#! Cinem"# "n$ The"tre#! Ni&ht ;ife "n$ C%i#ine.Others: Cim"te! He"th re#ort# or Sp"#! Uni0%e ch"r"cteri#tic# not "v"i",e e#e'here! the "ttr"ction#

of to%ri#m "re! to " very "r&e e+tent!&eo&r"phic" in ch"r"cter. ;oc"tion "n$ "cce##i,iity @'hether "p"ce h"# " co"#t" or in"n$ po#ition "n$ the e"#e 'ith 'hich " &iven p"ce c"n ,e re"che$ "reimport"nt. hy#ic" #p"ce m"y ,e tho%&ht of "# " component for tho#e 'ho #ee) the 'i$erne## "n$#oit%$e. Scenery or "n$#c"pe i# " compo%n$ of "n$form#7'"ter "n$ the ve&et"tion "n$ h"# "n "e#thetic"n$ recre"tive v"%e. Cim"te con$ition#! e#peci"y in re"tion to the "mo%nt of #%n#hine! temper"t%re"n$ precipit"tion @#no' "# 'e "# r"in! "re of #peci" #i&nific"nce.Anim" ife m"y ,e "n import"nt"ttr"ction! fir#ty in re"tion to! ,ir$'"tchin& or vie'in& &"me in their n"t%r" h",it"t "n$ #econ$y! for#port# p%rpo#e#! e&. fi#hin& "n$ h%ntin&. M"n(# imp"ct on the n"t%r" "n$#c"pe in the form of hi##ettement#! hi#toric" mon%ment# "n$ "rch"eoo&ic" rem"in# i# "#o " m"-or "ttr"ction. Fin"y! "v"riety of c%t%r" fe"t%re#'"y# of ife!fo)ore! "rti#tic e+pre##ion#! etc. provi$e v"%",e "ttr"ction# tom"ny.

0""essiilit(It i# " me"n# ,y 'hich " to%ri#t c"n re"ch the "re" 'here "ttr"ction# "re oc"te$. To%ri#t "ttr"ction# of'h"tever type 'o%$ ,e of itte import"nce if their oc"tion# "re in"cce##i,e ,y the norm" me"n# oftr"n#port. A To%ri#t in or$er to &et to hi# $e#tin"tion nee$# #ome mo$e of tr"n#port. Thi# mo$e m"y,e "motor c"r! " co"ch! "n "erop"ne! " #hip or " tr"in 'hich en",e# him tore"ch hi# pre$etermine$ $e#tin"tion. If to%ri#t $e#tin"tion# "re oc"te$ "t p"ce# 'here no tr"n#port c"nre"ch or 'here there "re in"$e0%"te tr"n#port f"ciitie#!they ,ecome of itte v"%e. The to%ri#t"ttr"ction#! 'hich "re oc"te$ ne"r the to%ri#t&ener"tin& m"r)et# "n$ "re in)e$ ,y " net'or) of efficientme"n# of tr"n#port! receive the m"+im%m n%m,er of to%ri#t#.

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The $i#t"nce f"ctor "#o p"y# "n import"nt roe in $eterminin& " to%ri#tQ# choice of " $e#tin"tion. ;on&er$i#t"nce# co#t m%ch more in the '"y of e+pen#e# on tr"ve "# comp"re$ to #hort $i#t"nce#. An e+"mpec"n ,e th"t of In$i". A,o%t t'o "n$ " h"f miion to%ri#t "rriv"# for " co%ntry of the #ie of In$i" m"yoo) r"ther %nimpre##ive. Ho'ever if one oo)# "t cert"in f"ctor#i)e the co%ntry(# $i#t"nce from the"ff%ent to%ri#t m"r)et# of the 'or$ #%ch"# the Unite$ St"te#! E%rope! C"n"$"! "p"n "n$ A%#tr"i"! onem"y conc%$eth"t the on& $i#t"nce i# one of the f"ctor# re#pon#i,e for o' "rriv"#. It co#t#" vi#itorfrom the#e co%ntrie#! 0%ite " #%,#t"nti" "mo%nt! to vi#it In$i" for "hoi$"y. It h"# ,een #t"te$ e"rier th"t E%rope "n$ North Americ" contin%e to,e the m"in &ener"tin& "n$

receivin& "re"# for intern"tion" to%ri#m!"cco%ntin& for "# m%ch "# J "n$ 2 re#pectivey! ofintern"tion" to%ri#t "rriv"#. E"#y "cce##i,iity! th%# i# " )ey f"ctor for the &ro'th "n$ $eveopment ofto%ri#t movement#.0""ommodation

The "ccommo$"tion "n$ other f"ciitie# compement the "ttr"ction#.Accommo$"tion p"y# " centr" roe "n$ i# very ,"#ic to to%ri#t $e#tin"tion#./or$ To%ri#m Or&"ni"tion in it# $efinition of " to%ri#t h"# #t"te$ th"t hem%#t #pen$ "t e"#t one ni&ht in the $e#tin"tion vi#ite$! to 0%"ify "# " to%ri#t.Thi# pre#%ppo#e# "v"i",iity of #ome )in$ of "ccommo$"tion. The $em"n$for "ccommo$"tion "'"y from one(# home i# met ,y " v"riety of f"ciitie#.The r"n&e "n$ type of "ccommo$"tion i# 0%ite v"rie$ "n$ h"# %n$er&one con#i$er",e ch"n&e #ince the

"#t h"f cent%ry. There h"# ,een " $ecine in the %#e of ,o"r$in& ho%#e# "n$ #m" priv"te hote#. ;"r&erhote# "re incre"#in& their #h"re of hoi$"y tr"$e! e#peci"y in ,i& metropoit"n "re" #"n$ pop%"r #pot#.In more tr"$ition" hoi$"y "n$ #e"#i$e re#ort# in E%rope "n$ e#e'here! ,i& hote# "re )eepin& their#h"re of hoi$"y re#ort#. In recent h"# ,een "n incre"#in& $em"n$ for more non tr"$ition" "n$ inform"type# of "ccommo$"tion. The "te#t tren$# in "ccommo$"tion "re hoi$"y vi"&e#. In recent ye"r# thereh"# ,een "n incre"#e in the pop%"rity of #%ch "ccommo$"tion.Accommo$"tion m"y in it#ef ,e "nimport"nt to%ri#t "ttr"ction. In f"ct!" "r&e n%m,er of to%ri#t# vi#it " p"rtic%"r $e#tin"tion or to'n#impy ,ec"%#ethere i# " fir#t c"## %+%ry hote or re#ort 'hich provi$e# e+ceent #ervice#"n$ f"ciitie#. Some co%ntrie#i)e S'iter"n$! Ho"n$! Fr"nce! A%#tri"! "n$>e&i%m h"ve &"ine$ " rep%t"tion for provi$in& e+ceent"ccommo$"tion 'ithe#peci"y the re#ort hote#! h"ve &"ine$ " rep%t"tion for their e+ceentc%i#ine!

#ervice# "n$ f"ciitie#. The French &overnment for in#t"nce! p"ve$ the'"y for to%ri#t $eveopment of Cor#ic" ,y "%nchin& " ,i& hote $eveopmentpro&r"mme.Amenitie#F"ciitie# "re " nece##"ry "i$ to the to%ri#t centre. For " #e"#i$e re#ort!f"ciitie# i)e #'immin&! ,o"tin&!y"chtin&! #%rfri$in&! "n$ other f"ciitie# i)e$"ncin&! recre"tion "n$ other "m%#ement# "re import"nt forevery to%ri#tcentre. Amenitie# c"n ,e of t'o type#7 n"t%r"! e&. ,e"che#! #e","thin&!po##i,iitie# offi#hin&! opport%nitie# for cim,in&! tre))in&! vie'in&! etc. "n$m"nm"$e! e&. v"rio%# type# ofentert"inment "n$ f"ciitie# 'hich c"ter to the#peci" nee$# of the to%ri#t#. E+ceent #"n$y ,e"che#!#hetere$ from #%n#hine'ith p"m "n$ cocon%t tree# "n$ offerin& &oo$ ,"thin& con$ition# formvery&oo$ to%ri#t "ttr"ction#. Cert"in other n"t%r" "menitie# #%ch "# #p"cio%#'"ter# for the p%rpo#e of#"iin&! or the opport%nitie# for fi#hin& "n$ h%ntin&"re "#o very import"nt.

CHEC 6OUR ROGRESS 11 N"me #ome To%ri#t ro$%ct#(.2 ;i#t #ome re"#on# 'hy yo% 'o%$ i)e to tr"ve.3 %t $o'n five to%ri#t $e#tin"tion# yo% 'o%$ i)e to vi#it "n$ $e#cri,e ho' yo% 'o%$ re"ch them.? /h"t "re the f"ciitie# yo% oo) for! in the p"ce# 'here yo% 'i #t"y on " hoi$"y2.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM RO4UCT>y no'! yo% m%#t h"ve %n$er#too$ 'h"t " to%ri#m pro$%ct i#. No' et %# oo) "t #ome of it#ch"r"cteri#tic#:1< Intan$ile

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Uni)e " t"n&i,e pro$%ct! #"y! " motor c"r or refri&er"tor! no tr"n#fer of o'ner#hip of &oo$# i# invove$in to%ri#m. The pro$%ct here c"nnot ,e #een or in#pecte$ ,efore it# p%rch"#e. In#te"$! cert"in f"ciitie#!in#t""tion#! item# of e0%ipment "re m"$e "v"i",e for " #pecifie$ time "n$ for " #pecifie$ %#e. Fore+"mpe! " #e"t in "n "ero p"ne i# provi$e$ ony for " #pecifie$ time.*< Ps("holo$i"al

A "r&e component of to%ri#m pro$%ct i# the #"ti#f"ction the con#%mer $erive#rom it# %#e. A to%ri#t "c0%ire# e+perience# 'hie inter"ctin& 'ith the ne' environment "n$ hi#e+perience# hep to "ttr"ct "n$ motiv"te potenti" c%#tomer#.

+< ,i$hl( PerishaleA tr"ve "&ent or to%r oper"tor 'ho #e# " to%ri#m pro$%ct c"nnot #tore it. ro$%ction c"n ony t")ep"ce if the c%#tomer i# "ct%"y pre#ent. An$ once con#%mption ,e&in#! it c"nnot ,e #toppe$! interr%pte$or mo$ifie$. If the pro$%ct rem"in# %n%#e$! the ch"nce# "re o#t i.e. if to%ri#t# $o not vi#it p"rtic%"rp"ce! the opport%nity "t th"t time i# o#t. It i# $%e to thi# re"#on th"t he"vy $i#co%nt i# offere$ ,y hote#"n$ tr"n#port &ener"tin& or&"ni"tion# $%rin& off #e"#on..< Com!osite Produ"t

The to%ri#t pro$%ct c"nnot ,e provi$e$ ,y " #in&e enterpri#e %ni)e " m"n%f"ct%re$ pro$%ct. The to%ri#tpro$%ct cover# the compete e+perience of " vi#it to " p"rtic%"r p"ce. An$ m"ny provi$er# contri,%te tothi# e+perience. For in#t"nce! "irine #%ppie# #e"t#! " hote provi$e# room# "n$ re#t"%r"nt#!tr"ve "&ent# m")e ,oo)in for #t"y "n$ #i&ht#eein&! etc.

/< Unstale 2emandTo%ri#m $em"n$ i# inf%ence$ ,y #e"#on"! economic poitic" "n$ other# #%chf"ctor#. There "re cert"intime# of the ye"r 'hich #ee " &re"ter $em"n$ th"nother#. At the#e time# there i# " &re"ter #tr"in on#ervice# i)e hote ,oo)in!empoyment! the tr"n#port #y#tem! etc.B< ied su!!l( in the short run

The to%ri#m pro$%ct %ni)e " m"n%f"ct%re$ pro$%ct c"nnot ,e ,ro%&ht to the con#%mer7 the con#%merm%#t &o to the pro$%ct. Thi# re0%ire# "n in$epth #t%$y of %#er#( ,eh"vior! t"#te preference#! i)e# "n$$i#i)e# #o th"t e+pect"tion# "n$ re"itie# coinci$e for the m"+im%m #"ti#f"ction of the con#%mer. The#%ppy of " to%ri#m pro$%ct i# fi+e$ in the #hort r%n "n$ c"nony ,e incre"#e$ in the on& r%n foo'in& incre"#e$ $em"n$ p"ttern#.< 0sen"e o# o'nershi!

/hen yo% ,%y " c"r! the o'ner#hip of the c"r i# tr"n#ferre$ to yo%! ,%t 'hen yo% hire " t"+i yo%,%y theri&ht to ,e tr"n#porte$ to " pre$etermine$ $e#tin"tion "t " pre$etermine$ price @f"re. 6o% neither o'nthe "%tomo,ie nor the $river of the vehice. Simi"ry! hote room#! "irine tic)et#! etc. c"n ,e %#e$ ,%tnot o'ne$. The#e #ervice# c"n ,e ,o%&ht for con#%mption ,%t o'ner#hip rem"in# 'ith the provi$er ofthe #ervice. So! " $"nce c"n ,e en-oye$ ,y vie'in& it! ,%t the $"ncer c"nnot ,e o'ne$.F< ,etero$eneous

To%ri#m i# not " homo&eneo%# pro$%ct #ince it ten$# to v"ry in #t"n$"r$ "n$ 0%"ity over time! %ni)e "T.5 #et or "ny other m"n%f"ct%re$ pro$%ct. A p"c)"&e to%r or even " fi&ht on "n "ircr"ft c"n(t ,econ#i#tent "t " time#. The re"#on i# th"t thi# pro$%ct i# " #ervice "n$ #ervice# "re peope ,"#e$. 4%e tothi#! there i# v"ri",iity in thi# pro$%ct. A in$ivi$%"# v"ry "n$ even the #"mein$ivi$%" m"y not perform the #"me every time. For in#t"nce! " "ir ho#te##e# c"nnot provi$e the #"me

0%"ity of #ervice "n$ even the #"me "ir ho#te## m"y not perform %niformy in the mornin& "n$ evenin&.Th%#! #ervice# c"nnot ,e #t"n$"r$ie$.A< Ris6(

The ri#) invove$ in the %#e of " to%ri#m pro$%ct i# hei&htene$ #ince it h"# to ,e p%rch"#e$ ,efore it#con#%mption. An eement of ch"nce i# "'"y# pre#ent in it# con#%mption. ;i)e! " #ho' mi&ht not ,e "#entert"inin& "# it promi#e# to ,e or " ,e"ch hoi$"y mi&ht ,e $i#"ppointin& $%e to he"vy r"in.1G< Mar6etale

To%ri#m pro$%ct i# m"r)ete$ "t t'o eve#. At the fir#t eve! n"tion" "n$ re&ion" or&"ni"tion# en&"&ein per#%"$in& potenti" to%ri#t# to vi#it the co%ntry or " cert"in re&ion. The#e offici" to%ri#t

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or&"ni"tion# fir#t cre"te )no'e$&e of it# co%ntry in to%ri#t 9&ener"tin& m"r)et# "n$ per#%"$e vi#itor#in the#e m"r)et# to vi#it the co%ntry. At the #econ$ eve! the v"rio%# in$ivi$%" firm# provi$in& to%ri#t#ervice#! m"r)et their o'n component# of the tot" to%ri#t pro$%ct to per#%"$e potenti" to%ri#t# to vi#itth"t re&ion for 'hich they "re re#pon#i,e.CHEC 6OUR ROGRESS 21 ;i#t o%t #ome thin th"t yo% p"y for th"t "re int"n&i,e.2 /rite $o'n " the component# of " p"c)"&e to%r th"t yo% re"$ ",o%t in "n "$verti#ement for "hoi$"y.

Activity 1Spe") to #ome of yo%r frien$# "n$ "#) them 'hen they i)e to tr"ve. See 'h"t the m"-ority choo#e# "#the f"vorite time of the ye"r.Activity 2O%t of the i#t &iven ,eo'! 'rite $o'n tho#e )ey'or$# 'hich "re not ch"r"cteri#tic# of " to%ri#tpro$%ct: eri#h",e! Chemic"! Tr"n#fer",e! Homo&eneo%#! Se"#on"! #ychoo&ic"! "tent "n$M"r)et",e.2.? FORMS OF TOURISM RO4UCT>y no' yo% m%#t ,e "'"re of 'h"t " to%ri#m pro$%ct i# "n$ 'h"t it# pec%i"r fe"t%re# "re. It i#nece##"ry to %n$er#t"n$ the component# of the to%ri#t pro$%ct from the point of vie' of the con#%mer.The pro$%ct for the to%ri#t cover# the compete e+perience from the time he e"ve# home to the time here

t%rn#. The to%ri#t pro$%ct to$"y i# $eveope$ to meet the nee$# of thecon#%mer "n$ techni0%e# i)e $irect #"e#! p%,icity "n$ "$verti#in& "re empoye$ to ,rin& thi# pro$%ctto the con#%mer. The to%ri#t pro$%ct i# the ,"#ic r"' m"teri"! ,e it the co%ntry(# n"t%r" ,e"%ty! cim"te!hi#tory! c%t%re "n$ the peope! or other f"ciitie# nece##"ry for comfort",e ivin& #%ch "# '"ter #%ppy!eectricity! ro"$#! tr"n#port! comm%nic"tion "n$ other e##enti"#.The to%ri#t pro$%ct c"n ,e entirey " m"nm"$e one or n"t%re(# cre"tion improve$ %pon ,y m"n. Acon#%mer c"n com,ine in$ivi$%" pro$%ct# in " "r&e n%m,er of '"y#. There 'o%$ ,e m"ny po##i,e$e#tin"tion#! e"ch 'ith " n%m,er of hote#! e"ch to ,e re"che$ ,y more th"n one "irine. Th%#! thepotenti" choice f"cin& the con#%mer i# very "r&e. The "r&e n%m,er of to%ri#t $e#tin"tion# h"ve p"ce$"t the $i#po#" of " to%ri#t " very "r&e v"riety of to%ri#t pro$%ct# in ",%n$"nt 0%"ntity from " "r&en%m,er of competin& $e#tin"tion#. Thi# event%"y! h"# e$ to the "$option of the ne' concept i.e.! the

m"r)etin& concept in to%ri#m ,y v"rio%# co%ntrie# promotin& to%ri#m.To%ri#m! ,"#ic"y! i# "n infr"#tr%ct%re ,"#e$ #ervice pro$%ct. The n"t%re of the #ervice here i# hi&hyint"n&i,e "n$ peri#h",e offerin& " imite$ #cope for cre"tin& "n$ m"int"inin& the $i#tinctivecompetitive e$&e. The effective m"r)etin& of to%ri#m nee$# con#t"nt &e"rin& %p of infr"#tr%ct%re tointern"tion" #t"n$"r$# "n$ pre#%ppo#e# in it# coor$in"tion 'ith the to%ri#m #%ppier#. In #tr"te&ic term#!it c"# for the "ction of "n inte&r"te$ "ppro"ch to m"n"&ement "n$ m"r)etin&. In oper"tion" term#! itme"n# the impement"tion of " ,etter $efine$! ,etter t"r&ete$ m"r)et$riven #tr"te&y for re"iin& the$efine$ o,-ective#.The import"nt point to note here i# th"t m"r)etin& i# "ppie$ to #it%"tion# 'here the choice c"n ,eimite$ to " re"tivey #m" n%m,er of ,r"n$# &ivin& the con#%mer " re"#on",e choice. The proce## of#eection th%# ,ecome# e"#ier. In the fie$ of to%ri#m thi# proce## i# t")in& p"ce ,y the incre"#e$ %#e of

p"c)"&e to%r#(. A p"c)"&e to%r i# " tr"ve p"n 'hich inc%$e# mo#t eement# of v"c"tion! #%ch "#tr"n#port"tion! "ccommo$"tion! #i&ht #eein& "n$ entert"inment. The to%ri#t pro$%ct i# " compo#itepro$%ct! 'hether it i# #o$ "# " p"c)"&e or "##em,e$ ,y the in$ivi$%" him#ef or hi# tr"ve "&ent.There "re m"ny to%ri#m pro$%ct# th"t "re "v"i",e to the con#%mer to$"y. In mo$ern time# the#epro$%ct#! 'hether tr"$ition" in n"t%re i)e c%t%re "n$ pi&rim"&e! or mo$ern i)e "$vent%re!convention# "n$ conference#! he"th! me$ic"! etc. "re ,ein& p"c)"&e$! promote$ "n$ price$"ppropri"tey to 'oo "# m"ny to%ri#t# "# po##i,e. To%ri#m pro$%ct# c"n ,e c"##ifie$ "# %n$er for ",etter %n$er#t"n$in& of e"ch of their pec%i"r ch"r"cteri#tic#! #o th"t they c"n ,e m"r)ete$ "n$ po#itione$"ppropri"tey:

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2.?.1 NATURA; TOURISM RO4UCTSThe#e inc%$e n"t%r" re#o%rce# #%ch "# "re"#! cim"te "n$ it# #ettin&! "n$#c"pe "n$ n"t%r"environment. N"t%r" re#o%rce# "re fre0%enty the )ey eement# in " $e#tin"tion(# "ttr"ction. ;et %# oo)"t #ome e+"mpe#:1 Co%ntry#i$e2 Cim"te temper"t%re! r"in#! #no'f"! $"y# of #%n#hine3 N"t%r" >e"%ty "n$form#! hi#! roc)#! &or&e#! terr"in? /"ter ")e#! pon$#! river#! '"terf"#! #prin

e"che# I#"n$#B Sp"#1 Scenic Attr"ction#The cim"te of " to%ri#t $e#tin"tion i# often "n import"nt "ttr"ction. Goo$ 'e"ther p"y# "n import"ntroe in m")in& " hoi$"y. Miion# of to%ri#t# from co%ntrie# 'ith e+treme cim"te# vi#it ,e"che# in#e"rch of fine 'e"ther "n$ #%n#hine. The #%n#hine "n$ ce"r #e" ,reee "t the ,e"che# h"ve "ttr"cte$m"ny peope for " very on& time. In f"ct! $eveopment of #p"# "n$ re#ort# "on& the #e" co"#t# in m"nyco%ntrie# 'ere " re#%t of the tr"veer#. %r&e to en-oy &oo$ 'e"ther "n$ #%n#hine. In E%rope! co%ntrie#

i)e Fr"nce! It"y!Sp"in "n$ Greece h"ve $eveope$ ,e"%tif% ,e"ch re#ort#. North E%rope"n# vi#it theMe$iterr"ne"n co"#t #e"rchin& for o$er re#ort# i)e Monte C"ro!Nice "n$ C"nne# on the Rivier" "n$ne' re#ort# in Sp"in "n$ It"y. >e"%tif% ,e"che# of In$i"! Sri ;"n)"! "n$ Th"i"n$! In$one#i" "n$A%#tr"i" "n$ #ome other ne' $e#tin"tion# "re more e+"mpe# of ho' &oo$ 'e"ther c"n "ttr"ct to%ri#t#.A the#e "re"# c"pit"i#e on &oo$ 'e"ther.4e#tin"tion# 'ith "ttr"ctive 'inter cim"te#! 'inter '"rmth"n$ #%n#hine "re "#o import"nt centre# of to%ri#t "ttr"ction. M"ny "re"# h"ve ,ecome import"nt 'interhoi$"y re#ort# "ttr"ctin& " "r&e n%m,er of to%ri#t#.Aro%n$ the#e 'inter re#ort#! 'inter #port f"ciitie#h"ve ,een in#t"e$ to c"ter to the incre"#in& nee$# of to%ri#t#. eope from '"rm cim"te# tr"vee#peci"y to #ee #no'f" "n$ en-oy the co$ cim"te.In co%ntrie# 'ith tropic" cim"te#! m"ny %p"n$coo "re"# h"ve ,een $eveope$ "# hi #t"tion#(. Hence cim"te i# of &re"t #i&nific"nce "# " to%ri#mpro$%ct.

The #cenery "n$ n"t%r" ,e"%ty of p"ce# h"# "'"y# "ttr"cte$ to%ri#t#. To%ri#t# en-oy n"t%re in " it#v"rio%# form#. There "re "n$ form# i)e mo%nt"in#! c"nyon#! cor" reef#! ciff#! etc. One of the &re"t "time f"vo%rite to%ri#t $e#tin"tion i# the Gr"n$ C"nyon! Arion". Mo%nt"in r"n&e# i)e the Him""y"#!iim"n-"ro! "n$ S'i## Ap#! etc. There "re '"ter form# i)e river#! ")e# '"terf"#! &ey#er#! &"cier#!etc. The Ni"&"r" F"# #h"re$ ,y C"n"$" "n$ the Unite$ St"te# i# "n e+"mpe of ho' #cenic '"terf"#"ttr"ct to%ri#t#. ;")e T"hoe in C"iforni" "n$ the! $e#ert# of E&ypt "re other e+"mpe# of &re"t to%ri#tpro$%ct#. Other &re"t n"t%r" 'on$er# th"t "ttr"ct to%ri#t# "re the Gi"nt# C"%#e'"y of Northern Ire"n$!the Gey#er# of Ice"n$! the &"cier# of the Ap#! the fore#t# of Afric" etc. 5e&et"tion i)e fore#t#!&r"##"n$#! moor# $e#ert#! etc. h"# " ,een $eveope$ "# to%ri#t pro$%ct#.For" "n$ F"%n" "ttr"ct m"ny " to%ri#t. To%ri#t# i)e to )no' the v"rio%# type# of p"nt# "n$ tree# th"tthey #ee "n$ 'hich tree# "re #een in 'hich #e"#on#. There "re m"ny p"nt# 'hich "re #pecific to cert"in

re&ion# "n$ m"ny time# #t%$ent# "n$ tr"veer# vi#it tho#e "re"# e#peci"y to #ee tho#ev"rietie# of p"nt#. Thic) fore#t cover#! "ttr"ct to%ri#t# 'ho en-oy tre))in& "n$ h%ntin& "ctivitie#. F"%n""ttr"ct# to%ri#t# 'ho i)e to '"tch ,ir$#! 'i$ m"mm"#! reptie# "n$ other e+otic "n$ r"re "nim"#.Co%ntrie# in So%th E"#t A#i" h"ve croco$ie &"r$en#! ,ir$ #"nct%"rie#! "n$ other to%ri#t pro$%ct# th"t$i#p"y the f"%n" of their re&ion.Sp"# "re &"inin& pop%"rity "# mo$ern to%ri#m pro$%ct# " over the 'or$. /hie mo#t p"rt# of the'or$ h"ve their o'n ther"pie# "n$ tre"tment# th"t "re effective in re#torin& the 'ene## "n$ ,e"%ty ofpeope. Ne' )in$# of he"th to%r# th"t "re &"inin& pop%"rity "re #p" to%r#. Sp"# offer the %ni0%e"$v"nt"&e# of t")in& the ,e#t from the /e#t "n$ the E"#t! com,inin& them 'ith the in$i&eno%# #y#tem

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"n$ offerin& ,e#t of the t'o 'or$#. For e+"mpe S'e$i#h m"##"&e# 'or) 'e 'ith the "v"ne#eM"n$y! %%r! "rom"ther"py!refe+oo&y "n$ tr"$ition" "y%rve$ic proce$%re#. No' v"rio%# #p" pro$%ct#"re ,ein& com,ine$ 'ith yo&"! me$it"tion! "n$ pr"n"y"m"! &ivin& " hoi#tic e+perience to to%ri#t#. Sp"tre"tment# "re no' com,ine$ 'ith other me$ic" tre"tment# to tre"t ,oo$ pre##%re! in#omni"!$epre##ion! p"r"y#i# "n$ #ome other $i#e"#e#. eope "re no' tr"vein& to #p"# "n$ cinic# for c%r"tive,"th# "n$ me$ic" tre"tment. In #ome co%ntrie# i)e It"y! A%#tri" "n$ Germ"ny! &re"t import"nce i#&iven to #p" tre"tment#. In R%##i" "on& the >"c) Se"co"#t "n$ in the foothi# of the C"%c"#%#Mo%nt"in#! there "re m"ny 'or$f"mo%# #"n"tori" 'here miion# of R%##i"n# "n$ intern"tion" to%ri#t#

thron& every ye"r.

>e"ch to%ri#m i# very pop%"r "mon& the to%ri#t# to$"y. To%ri#t# of ""&e &ro%p#! ,"c)&ro%n$#! c%t%re#"n$ co%ntrie# en-oy thi# to%ri#m pro$%ct. >e#i$e# "ttr"ction "n$ #"",iity! ,e"ch hoi$"yin& h"# e"$ toover" $eveopment of to%ri#m in m"ny p"rt# of the 'or$. The ,"#ic import"nce of ,e"che# i# th"t theyprovi$e "e#thetic "n$ environment" v"%e of the ,e"ch#%ch "# ,e"%tif% n"t%r" #cenery 'ith &o$en#"n$#! %#h &reen ve&et"tion "n$ ,ri&ht ,%e #)y. The '"ter roc)#. >e"ch to%ri#m "ctivitie# inc%$e '"ter"n$ "n$ re#o%rce %#e. The'"ter %#"&e invove# #'immin&! #%rfin&! #"iin&! 'in$ #%rfin&! '"ter#cooterin&! "r" #"iin&! motor,o"tri$e#! etc. The "n$ %#e h"# m%tif"cet#i)e #%n,"thin&! recre"tion" "re"# for to%ri#t# @p"r)#!p"y&ro%n$#! c%,#!the"tre! "m%#ement p"r)#! c"#ino#! c%t%r" m%#e%m#! etc.! "ccommo$"tion f"ciitie#

@hote#! cott"&e#! vi"#! c"mpin& #ite#! etc.! c"r "n$ ,%# p"r)in& "re"#! entert"inment "n$ #hoppin&compe+e#! "cce## ro"$# "n$ tr"n#port"tion net'or). 4%e to it# m%ti$imen#ion" re0%irement# the ,e"chpro$%ct nee$# #peci" c"re. A ,e"ch re#ort nee$# to ,e $eveope$ "# "n inte&r"te$ compe+ to f%nction "#" #efcont"ine$ comm%nity. Environment" m"n"&ement #ho%$ "#o en#%re the "v"i",iity ofnece##"ry infr"#tr%ct%re in the imme$i"te hinter"n$ to the co"#t" re&ion in #%pport of the $eveopmenton the co"#t to m"int"in it# eco#y#tem. I#"n$# ",o%n$ 'ith n"t%r" ,e"%ty! 'ith the r"re for" "n$ f"%n""n$ tri,e#. Thi# m")e# i#"n$# "n i$e" p"ce for "$vent%re! n"t%re "n$ c%t%re over# to vi#it. Thi# to%ri#tpro$%ct h"# &re"t #cope "# the#e i#"n$# "re ,ein& $eveope$ "# to%ri#t p"r"$i#e#. For e+"mpe! H"'"ii!M"$ive#! M"%riti%#!T"hiti! An$"m"n "n$ Nico,"r I#"n$#! etc. h"# $eveope$ 'ith to%ri#m "ctivity overthe p"#t fe' $ec"$e#. The topo&r"phy i# &ener"y %n$%"tin& "n$ they offer n"t%r" #cenic ,e"%ty 'ithe+otic for" "n$ f"%n". Mo#t of the#e i#"n$# h"ve p"ce# of 'or#hip i)e ch%rche#! tempe#! etc. A# "n

"$$e$ "ttr"ction #ome of the#e i#"n$# h"ve $eveope$ "# t"+ h"ven# there,y enco%r"&in& commerci"$eveopment of the#e economie#. They offer #oci" "n$ c%t%r" "ttr"ction# "# to%ri#t# c"n e+perience theoc" ife#tye! oc" foo$! f"ir# "n$ fe#tiv"#! etc.Scenic "ttr"ction#! i)e &oo$ 'e"ther! "re very import"nt f"ctor# in the $eveopment of to%ri#m. >re"tht")in& mo%nt"in #cenery "n$ the co"#t" #tretche# e+ert " #tron& f"#cin"tion on the to%ri#t them"&nificent mo%nt"in r"n&e# provi$e "n "tmo#phere of pe"ce "n$ tr"n0%iity. To%ri#t# vi#itin& thenorthern #ope# of the Ap# in S'iter"n$ "n$ A%#tri" "n$ the #o%thern #ope#in It"y "n$ "#o the Him""y"n #ope# of In$i" "n$ Nep" for the fir#t time! c"nnot ,%t ,e ch"rme$ ,ytheir phy#ic" m"&nificence.2 MAN MA4E TOURISM RO4UCTSM"n m"$e to%ri#m pro$%ct# "re cre"te$ ,y m"n for pe"#%re! ei#%re or ,%#ine##. M"n m"$e to%ri#m

pro$%ct# inc%$e:" C%t%re Site# "n$ "re"# of "rch"eoo&ic" intere#t Hi#toric" ,%i$in "n$ mon%ment# "ce# of hi#toric" #i&nific"nce M%#e%m# "n$ "rt &"erie# oitic" "n$ e$%c"tion" in#tit%tion# Rei&io%# in#tit%tion#

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C%t%r" to%ri#m i# ,"#e$ on the mo#"ic of p"ce#! tr"$ition#! "rt form#! cee,r"tion# "n$ e+perience# th"tportr"y the n"tion "n$ it# peope! refectin& the $iver#ity "n$ ch"r"cter of " co%ntry. G"rri#on eior! in"n "$$re## to the1BB< /hite Ho%#e Conference on Tr"ve * To%ri#m! ,e#t $e#cri,e$ c%t%r" to%ri#m ,y#"yin&! =/e nee$ to thin) ",o%t c%t%r" to%ri#m ,ec"%#e re"ythere i# no other )in$ of to%ri#m. ItQ# 'h"t to%ri#m i#...eope $onQt come to Americ" for o%r "irport#!peope $onQt come to Americ" for o%r hote#! or the recre"tion f"ciitie#....They come for o%r c%t%re:hi&h c%t%re! o' c%t%re!mi$$e c%t%re! ri&ht! eft! re" or im"&ine$ they come here to #ee Americ".T'o #i&nific"nt tr"ve

tren$# 'i $omin"te the to%ri#m m"r)et in the ne+t $ec"$e. M"## m"r)etin& i# &ivin& '"y to onetoone m"r)etin& 'ith tr"ve ,ein& t"iore$ to the intere#t#

of the in$ivi$%" con#%mer. A &ro'in& n%m,er of vi#itor# "re ,ecomin& #peci" intere#t tr"veer# 'ho r"n) the "rt#! herit"&e

"n$Kor other c%t%r" "ctivitie# "# one of the top five re"#on# for tr"vein&.The com,in"tion of the#e t'o tren$# i# ,ein& f%ee$ ,y technoo&y! thro%&h the proifer"tion of onine#ervice# "n$ too#! m")in& it e"#ier for the tr"veer to choo#e $e#tin"tion# "n$ c%#tomie their itiner"rie#,"#e$ on their intere#t#.To$"y 'e c"n 'itne## "r&e m"##e# of peope tr"vein& to forei&n co%ntrie# to ,ecome "c0%"inte$ 'iththe %#"&e# "n$ c%#tom#! to vi#it the m%#e%m# "n$ to "$mire 'or)# of "rt.One '"y of h"#tenin& the ,enefici" effect# re#%tin& from to%ri#m i# to ,rin& the c%t%r" herit"&e into

the economic circ%it! th%# -%#tifyin& the inve#tment# m"$e "t the co#t of the n"tion" comm%nity! for it#pre#erv"tion.T")in& "n economic vie' of the c%t%r" herit"&e of " n"tion m"y not "to&ether ,e-%#tifie$! con#i$erin& th"t the pre#erv"tion of it# c%t%re i# one of the ,"#ic re#pon#i,iitie# of "nycomm%nity. >%t con#i$erin& the fin"nci" o,#t"ce# e#peci"y for the $eveopin& co%ntrie#! thi# m"y"ppe"r to ,e " r"tion" "ppro"ch. Hence m"## to%ri#m c"n contri,%te %ni0%e ,enefit# to the e+poitin& ofthe c%t%r" herit"&e of " n"tion "n$ c"n #erve in$irecty to improve the in$ivi$%" c%t%r" eve# of ,othcitien# "n$ tr"veer#. C%t%r" re#o%rce# h"ve "nother #pecific ch"r"cteri#tic! 'hich m"ny to%ri#t# '"ntto e+perience the e+otic. There 'i ,e " &re"t %r&e on the p"rt of the to%ri#t to vi#it "n$ ,ecome"c0%"inte$ 'ith the "ncient civii"tion in their 0%e#t for nove h%m"n )no'e$&e. C%t%re me"n# thepro#pect of cont"ct 'ith other civii"tion#! their ori&in" "n$ v"rie$ c%#tom# "n$ tr"$ition 'ith their$i#tinct ch"r"cteri#tic#. Thi# entire proce## cre"te# " po'erf% motiv"tor to'"r$# tr"ve.

5"rio%# M%#e%m# "#o "ttr"ct to%ri#t# i)e M"$"me T%##"%$# M%#e%m in ;on$on! the ;o%vre M%#e%min "ri#! Smith#oni"n /"#hin&ton M%#e%m!M%#e%m# of f"mo%# p"inter# i)e S"v"$or 4"i! ",oic"##o! N"t%r" Hi#tory M%#e%m! >riti#h M%#e%m! M%#e%m of Mo$ern Art "re "#o pop%"r to%ri#tpro$%ct#. Site# of "rcheoo&ic" intere#t i)e rem"in# of Mohen-o$"ro "n$ H"rr"p"n civii"tion#!m%#e%m# for fo##i# "n$ $ino#"%r#. Site# for hi#toric" intere#t i)e city of Hiro#him" "n$ N"&"#")i! #ite#of hooc"%#t in Germ"ny! tom,# of v"rio%# e"$er# "n$ emperor#. Hi#toric" ,%i$in i)e /"r'ic)C"#te! To'er of ;on$on! Str"tfor$onAvon 'hich i# Sh")e#pe"re(#,irthp"ce! the Rom"n >"th# "re " pop%"r 'ith to%ri#t#. Even hi#toric" citie# i)e 5"r"n"#i in In$i" &et" ot of to%ri#t# $%e to it# #t"t%# "# one of the o$e#t citie# of the 'or$. Stonehen&e in Unite$ in&$om!The /hite Ho%#e! >%c)in&h"m ""ce "n$ other p"ce# of poitic" #i&nific"nce! "re "#o &re"t to%ri#t$r"'#.

, Tr"$ition# i&rim"&e# F"ir# "n$ fe#tiv"# Art# "n$ h"n$icr"ft# 4"nce M%#ic Fo)ore N"tive ife "n$ c%#tom#

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A pi&rim"&e i# " term prim"riy %#e$ for " -o%rney or " #e"rch of &re"t mor" #i&nific"nce. Sometime#!it i# " -o%rney to " #"cre$ p"ce or #hrine of import"nce to " per#onQ# ,eief# "n$ f"ith. Mem,er# of everyrei&ion p"rticip"te in pi&rim"&e#. A per#on 'ho m")e# #%ch " -o%rney i# c"e$ " pi&rim. Sec%"r "n$civic pi&rim"&e# "re "#o pr"ctice$! 'itho%t re&"r$ for rei&ion ,%t r"ther of import"nce to " p"rtic%"r#ociety. For e+"mpe! m"ny peope thro%&ho%t the 'or$ tr"ve to the City of /"#hin&ton in the Unite$St"te# for " pi&rim"&e to #ee the 4ec"r"tion of In$epen$ence "n$ the Con#tit%tion of the Unite$ St"te#.>riti#h peope often m")e pi&rim"&e# to ;on$on to 'itne## the p%,ic "ppe"r"nce# of the mon"rch ofthe Unite$ in&$om. A "r&e n%m,er of peope h"ve ,een m")in& pi&rim"&e# to #"cre$ rei&io%# p"ce#

or hoy p"ce#. Thi# pr"ctice i# 'i$e#pre"$ in m"ny p"rt# of the 'or$. In the Chri#ti"n 'or$! forin#t"nce! " vi#it to er%#"em or the 5"tic"n i# con#i$ere$ "%#picio%#. Amon& M%#im#! " pi&rim"&e toMecc" i# con#i$ere$ " &re"t "ct of f"ith. In In$i" there "re m"ny pi&rim"&e centre# "n$ hoy p"ce#,eon&in& to " m"-or rei&ion# of the 'or$.In$i" i# "mon& the riche#t co%ntrie# in the 'or$ "# f"r "# the fie$ of "rt "n$ cr"ft i# concerne$. To%ri#t#i)e to vi#it "n$ #ee the cre"tive "n$ "rti#tic tre"#%re# of v"rio%# co%ntrie#. Every co%ntry h"# cert"intr"$ition" "rt# i)e #o"p #c%pt%re# "n$ ,"ti) of Th"i"n$7 &em# "n$ -e'eery! tie "n$ $ye 'or)#! 'oo$"n$ m"r,e c"rvin& in In$one#i"7 ivory! &"##'or)! h"n$ ,oc) intin&!#"n$"'oo$! in"y 'or)7 "re #omeof the e+"mpe# of tr"$ition" "rt th"t "ttr"ct to%ri#t#.There "re m"ny form# of $"nce in the 'or$ i)e S"#"! Hip Hop! "!F"min&o! >"et "n$ Tr"$ition"4"nce#. eope 'ho tr"ve i)e to '"tch the#e $"nce perform"nce# "n$ #ometime# even t")e #ome

intro$%ctory c"##e#.M%#ic c"n ,e either tr"$ition" or mo$ern. Tr"$ition" m%#ic i)e fo) m%#ic "n$ c"##ic" "n$ co%ntrym%#ic i# #pecific to every re&ion "n$ co%ntry.Mo$ern form# inc%$e >%e#! Roc)! op! "! R"p! Techno "n$ Hip Hop.M%#ic "#o "$$# to the"ttr"ction of " $e#tin"tion.F"ir# "n$ Fe#tiv"# c"pt%re the f%n ovin& #i$e "n$ ,rin& o%t the -oyo%# cee,r"tion# of the comm%nity.Fe#tiv"# i)e Chri#tm"#! E"#ter! Th"n)#&ivin&!Ei$! R"m"$"n! 4i'"i! "n$ Hoi "n$ #o on! "#o ,rin&peope to $e#tin"tion# 'here the cee,r"tion c"n ,e en-oye$. Some pop%"r F"ir# 'hich c"ter to f%n "n$'or) "re %#h)"r Me" in R"-"#th"n! rt f"ir in "ri#! M"&ic F"ir in5e&"# for &"rment#! Hon& on& F"#hion /ee) "n$ v"rio%# -o, f"ir# 'here peope "re recr%ite$.c Entert"inment

Am%#ement "n$ recre"tion p"r)# Sportin& event# Poo# "n$ oce"n"ri%m# Cinem"# "n$ the"tre Ni&ht ife C%i#ine

To%ri#t pro$%ct# th"t h"ve entert"inment "# their m"in ch"r"cteri#tic "re m"ny. %#t to n"me " fe' there"re "m%#ement "n$ recre"tion" p"r)# i)e 4i#ney'or$ in Unite$ St"te#! Hon& on&! "ri#! Sin&"pore"n$ theme p"r)# in v"rio%# co%ntrie# "n$ citie# i)e App% Gh"r "n$ F%n "n$ Foo$ 5i"&e in 4ehi!E##e /or$ in M%m,"i "n$ #o on.To%ri#t# m"y come to "tten$ #port# event# "n$ it i# "#o "n opport%nity to e+pore the co%ntry. The

f%n$"ment" concept i# th"t " to%ri#t "ctivitie# h"ve "n inf%ence on provi$in& economic ,enefit# "n$h"ve " po'erf% inf%ence in #ome $efinite oc"ity! i)e the Oympic# in Athen# h"# &ivenimmen#e ,enefit to " in to%ri#m ,%#ine## in Athen# in p"rtic%"r "n$ Greece in &ener". M"ny co%ntrie#or&"ni#e ye"r ro%n$ #port# event# i)e #'immin& meet#! "thetic meet#! 'ei&ht iftin& event#! cric)etm"tche#! ,"#e," "n$ foot," event# "n$ m"ny more #%ch event# 'hich enco%r"&e to%ri#m. In$i" 'i,e ho#tin& the Common/e"th G"me# on 21 "n$ it i# "nticip"te$ to &ive the to%ri#m in$%#try " ,i&,oo#t.Ni&ht ;ife i# one of the prime "ttr"ction# in " hoi$"y. To%ri#t# i)e to e#peci"y vi#it "re"# in citie#'here the ni&ht ife "ctivity i# promote$. The#e "re"# "re %#%"y it %p 'ith #treet #t"# i)e fe" m"r)et#

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"n$ foo$ "re"#. >"r#! ni&ht c%,#! c"#ino# "n$ very often open "ir ,"n$# "ttr"ct "n$ "$$ to thep#ychoo&ic" #"ti#f"ction "n$ e+perience of to%ri#t#.C%i#ine i# very often "n %n$er#t"te$ ,%t hi&hy import"nt p"rt of "ny hoi$"y. No'"$"y# there i#c%i#ine from " "re"# of the 'or$ 'hich i# fo%n$ "t mo#t to%ri#t $e#tin"tion#. Speci"ty re#t"%r"nt##erve In$i"n!Continent"! Chine#e! It"i"n! "p"ne#e! Th"i! In$one#i"n! F"#t foo$! Me+ic"n!Me$iterr"ne"n! "n$ Ar",ic"n$ #o on. Ho'ever! to%ri#t# %#%"y i)e to e"t the oc" foo$ of the "re"# they vi#it.$ >%#ine##

convention# conference#

eope 'ho tr"ve in re"tion to their 'or) come %n$er the c"te&ory of ,%#ine## to%ri#m. Ho'ever #%chtr"ve for ,%#ine## p%rpo#e# i# "#o in)e$'ith to%ri#t "ctivity i)e vi#itin& p"ce# of to%ri#t "ttr"ction "t the $e#tin"tion!#i&ht #eein& "n$ e+c%r#iontrip#. >%#ine## tr"ve i# "#o re"te$ to 'h"t i# terme$ to$"y "# convention ,%#ine##! 'hich i# " r"pi$y&ro'in& in$%#try in ho#pit"ity "n$ to%ri#m.A ,%#ine## tr"veer i# import"nt to the to%ri#m in$%#try "# it invove# the %#"&e of " the component# ofto%ri#m. He tr"ve# ,ec"%#e of $ifferent ,%#ine## re"#on# "tten$in& convention# "n$ conference#!meetin!'or)#hop# etc. "rticip"nt# h"ve " ot of ei#%re time "t their $i#po#". The conferenceor&"ni#er# m")e thi# ei#%re time very re'"r$in& for p"rticip"nt# ,y or&"ni#in& m"ny "ctivitie# for their

pe"#%re "n$ re"+"tion. The #po%#e# "n$ f"miie# "ccomp"nyin& the p"rticip"nt# "re "#o 'e oo)e$"fter ,y the or&"ni#er#. The or&"ni#er# p"n #i&ht #eein& to%r# "n$ #hoppin& to%r# for the p"rticip"nt# "n$their f"miie#. In In$i"! coo)in& c"##e# for e"rnin& In$i"n foo$ coo)in& from the v"rio%# #t"te#! vi#it# tothe cr"ft ,"""r# 'here to%ri#t# #ee ho' "rti#"n# m")e c"y pot# "n$ other h"n$icr"ft#! they vi#it tie "n$$ye %nit# to #ee In$i"n printin& e&. >"ti) printin& etc. /omen to%ri#t# en-oy henn" $emon#tr"tion#.Conference# "re event# 'hich re0%ire metic%o%# p"nnin& "n$ efficient impement"tion! cocoor$in"tin& v"rio%# "ctivitie# #o th"t the ri&ht thin h"ppen "t the ri&ht time. There "re " n%m,er ofp"yer# in the convention ,%#ine##. On one h"n$ "re the c%#tomer# or the con#%mer# "n$ onthe other h"n$ "re the principe #%ppier# i)e hote#! tr"n#porter#! convention centre#! to%r oper"tor# "n$tr"ve "&encie#! to%ri#m $ep"rtment#! e+hi,ition or&"ni#er#! #pon#or# etc.2.?.3 S3M@IOTIC TOURISM PRO2UCTS

Some to%ri#m pro$%ct# $o not f" into the ",ove c"te&orie#. /i$ife #"nct%"ry! M"rine p"r)#! Aeropro$%ct# "n$ /"ter #port#! Fo'er fe#tiv"# "re the e+"mpe of to%ri#m pro$%ct# 'hich "re " ,en$in& ofn"t%re "n$ m"n. N"t%re h"# provi$e$ the re#o%rce "n$ m"n h"# converte$ them into " to%ri#m pro$%ct ,ym"n"&in& them. N"tion" p"r)# for e+"mpe! "re eft in their n"t%r" #t"te of ,e"%ty "# f"r "# po##i,e! ,%t#ti nee$ to ,e m"n"&e$! thro%&h provi#ion of "cce##! p"r)in& f"ciitie#! imite$ "ccommo$"tion! itter,in# etc.6et the core "ttr"ction i# #ti n"t%re in thi# c"te&ory of pro$%ct. The#e pro$%ct# "re #ym,io#i# of n"t%re"n$ m"n. In c"#e of "$vent%re #port# to%ri#t# c"n ,e p"rticip"nt#. The ,"#ic eement of "$vent%re i# the#"ti#f"ction of h"vin& compete comm"n$ over one(# ,o$y! " #en#e of ri#) in the proce##! "n "'"rene##of ,e"%ty "n$ the e+por"tion of the %n)no'n. A$vent%re to%ri#m c"n ,e c"##ifie$ into "eri"!'"ter,"#e$ "n$ "n$ ,"#e$.

0erial adventure s!orts in"lude the #ollo'in$ a"tivitie#A Para"hutin$! 'hich invove# -%mpin& off from "n "ircr"ft or ,"oon "n$ $e#cen$in& ,y me"n# of "p"r"ch%te. The infr"#tr%ct%re re0%ire$!inc%$e# "n "ircr"ft! p"r"ch%te# "n$ "r&e "n$in& one#.> S6( 2ivin$4'hich invove# " #)y $iver -%mpin& off "n "ircr"ft or ,"oon "t " m%ch &re"ter hei&ht'itho%t $epoyin& hi# p"r"ch%te initi"y "n$ openin& it "fter #ome interv" "t " pre $etermine$ hei&ht.C ,an$ )lidin$4'hich invove# r%nnin& off " mo%nt"in or ,ein& to'e$ ,y " 'inch "n$ e##enti"yfyin& i)e " &i$er 'here the $irection" contro i# "chieve$ ,y " #hift in hi# o'n 'ei&ht ,y the piot.4 Para )lidin$4i# the "te#t "ero#port 'hich h"# t")en the 'or$ ,y #torm. A "r" Gi$er i# "#peci"y $e#i&ne$ #0%"re p"r"ch%te! "on& 'ith " h"rne## "tt"che$ ,y ine#.

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E Para Sailin$i# " #impe #port th"t invove# to'in& " p"r"ch%ti#t to " hei&ht of " fe' h%n$re$ feet inthe "ir "n$ then $e#cen$in& ,y me"n# of " p"r"ch%te. A# " ye"r ro%n$ "ctivity! "r" #"iin& c"n ,e $oneon "n$ "n$ '"ter.F @un$ee Hum!in$! 'hich re0%ire# no e0%ipment e+cept " ,%n&ee cor$( m"$e of nyon fi,er ofeno%&h e"#ticity to ,e ",e to ",#or, the #hoc) "t the en$ of the -%mp. The -%mper m")e# " he"$on&-%mp into empty #p"ce "n$ the re#%t"nt r%#h of "$ren"in m")e# the e+periencevery e+hi"r"tin&.G @alloonin$4'here " ,"oon i# "tt"che$ to " ,"#)et ,y #tee 'ire rope#. >y re&%"tin& hot "n$ co$

"ir! the piot c"n #teer the ,"oon "on& "ny ch"rte$ co%r#e.=ater ased adventure s!orts in"lude the #ollo'in$A =hite 'ater ra#tin$'hich i# one of the mo#t import"nt "n$ e+citin& '"ter #port#! 'hich invove#ri$in& $o'n '"ter r"pi$# in "n inf"t",e r"ft 'hich i# %#e$ to ne&oti"te f"#t fo'in& river#.> Canoein$ and Da(a6in$"re "$vent%re #port# 'hich ,e&in %p#tre"m 'here the '"ter i# 'i$ "n$'hite. The &r"$ient ,e#t #%ite$ for c"noein& i# the #t"&e ne"r the river(# entry into the p"in# 'here thetrip c"n ,e com,ine$ 'ith " n"t%r" hoi$"y in " fore#t. "y")in& i# "ppe"in& "# it en",e# innov"tionon the river ,y one or t'o o"r#m"n #e"te$ in t"n$em.C A$vent%re #port# in the '"ter# of the #e" i)e 'in$ #%rfin&! #c%," $ivin&! #nor)ein&! y"chtin&! '"ter#)iin&! etc. "#o offer thriin& "ctivitie# to the to%ri#t#.Land ased adventure tourist !rodu"ts in"lude the #ollo'in&

A Ro"6 "limin$ 'hich ori&in"te$ "# " me"n# of pr"cticin& techni0%e# for "#cen$in& hi&h mo%nt"in#.It '"# e"rier provi$e$ "# tr"inin& to mo%nt"ineer# ,%t h"# no' evove$ into " hi&hy $eveope$ #port.The cim,er move# %p! %#in& )no'e$&e of rope h"n$in&! cim,in&! #ec%rin& one to "nother! etc. 5ery#ophi#tic"te$ techni0%e# "n$ e0%ipment# "re %#e$ no'"$"y# to "#cen$ or $e#cen$ on very #teep terr"in.> Mountaineerin$re0%ire# tr"ine$ phy#ic" ",iity "n$ #%it",e e0%ipment. The hi&her pe")# nee$,etter e0%ipment 'hich i# "#o co#ty. The ch"en&e# 'hich mo%nt"in# i)e the In$i"n Him""y"#po#e "ttr"ct mo%nt"ineer# from v"rio%# co%ntrie#.CTre66in$ the mi&hty Him""y"# 'hich #pre"$ "cro## five In$i"n #t"te# form " #'eepin& "rc "n$compre## in it# e+p"n#e " 'i$e &eo&r"phic" v"riety "n$ contr"#tin& c%t%re#.4< S6iin$ i# the pr"ctice of #i$in& over #no' on r%nner#! c"e$ #)i#! "tt"che$ to e"ch foot. There "rethree type# of #)i re#ort#! the fir#t "re "r&e to'n#! #econ$ type "re "pine vi"&e# "n$ the thir$ re#ort#

,%it for #)iin&.E ,eli s6iin$ i# " type of "pine #)iin& 'here the #)ier i# $roppe$ to the top of " mo%nt"in ,y "heicopter "n$ then he #i$e# $o'n on hi# o'n.F Motor Rall( i# " #port th"t te#t# the n"vi&"tion" #)i# of m"n "n$ hi# en$%r"nce 'ith the m"chine.Motor r"ie#! &r"n$ pri+ r"cin&! hi cim,in& r"ie#! vint"&e c"r r"ie#! #port# c"r r"cin&! etc. "re #omeform# of thi# to%ri#m pro$%ct.G Sa#aris'ere e"rier t")en on c"me! hor#e "n$ eeph"nt# "# "n e+c%r#ion for h%ntin& or " -o%rney. A#" mo$ern to%ri#t pro$%ct no' #"f"ri# "re t")en on -eep# "n$ in the form of c"r"v"n#. 5ie'in& "n$en-oyin& n"t%re! meetin& the oc" vi"&er#! #eein& their tr"$ition#! c%#tom# "n$ ife#tye! entert"inment"n$ c"mp fire# "re #ome of the ch"r"cteri#tic# of mo$ern #"f"ri#. E&! E&ypt $e#ert #"f"ri#. Hor#e "n$eeph"nt #"f"ri# "re "rr"n&e$ in mo#t of the n"tion" p"r)# "n$ 'i$ife #"nct%"rie#.

*%.%. EVENT @0SE2 TOURISM PRO2UCTS/here "n event i# "n "ttr"ction! it "# "n event ,"#e$ to%ri#t pro$%ct. Event# "ttr"ct to%ri#t# "# #pect"tor#"n$ "#o "# p"rticip"nt# in the event#! #ometime# for ,oth. The Oc)to,erfe#t or&"ni#e$ in Germ"ny!4%,"i "n$ Sin&"pore #hoppin& fe#tiv"#! the c"me poo "t "i#"mer! ite fyin& in Ahme$","$ "ttr"ct#to%ri#t#! ,oth "# #pect"tor# "n$ p"rticip"nt#. /here"# in c"#e of the Sn")e >o"t r"ce of er"" c"n ,een-oye$ 'itne##in& it.Event "ttr"ction# "re tempor"ry! "n$ "re often mo%nte$ in or$er to incre"#e the n%m,er of to%ri#t# to "p"rtic%"r $e#tin"tion. Some event# h"ve " #hort time #c"e! #%ch "# the Rep%,ic 4"y "r"$e! other# m"y"#t for m"ny $"y#! for e+"mpe h"-%r"ho 4"nce Fe#tiv" or even month# i)e the %m,h Me". A

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$e#tin"tion 'hich m"y h"ve itte to commen$ it to the to%ri#t c"n neverthee## #%ccee$ in $r"'in&to%ri#t# ,y mo%ntin& "n event #%ch "# "n %n%#%" e+hi,ition.*%.%/ SITE @0SE2 TOURISM PRO2UCTS

/hen "n "ttr"ction i# " p"ce or #ite then it i# c"e$ " #ite ,"#e$ to%ri#t pro$%ct. Site "ttr"ction# "reperm"nent ,y n"t%re! for e+"mpe T"- M"h"! The Gre"t /" of Chin"! The Gr"n$ C"nyon in Arion"!Eiffe To'er! St"t%e of ;i,erty! Tempe# of h"-%r"ho! etc. A #ite $e#tin"tion c"n e+ten$ it# #e"#on ,ymo%ntin& "n off #e"#on event or fe#tiv". A "r&e n%m,er of to%ri#t# "re "ttr"cte$ every ye"r ,y the &re"t$r"'in& po'er of Str"tfor$ on Avon in En&"n$ ,ec"%#e of it# "##oci"tion 'ith Sh")e#pe"re! the city of

A&r" in In$i" 'ith it# f"mo%# T"- M"h"! i#" in It"y for it# f"mo%# ;e"nin& To'er. Some ne' fe"t%re#h"ve ,een "$$e$ to the #"me pro$%ct to )eep the to%ri#t intere#t "ive in the pro$%ct#. For e+"mpe no'vi#itor# c"n #ee T"- ,y ni&ht! m%#ic #ho'# h"ve ,een or&"ni#e$ 'ith T"- "# the ,"c)$rop #o th"t there"re repe"t to%ri#t#.

2.?. OT,ER TOURISM PRO2UCTS,ealth Tourism

Hoi$"yin& i# &ener"y con#i$ere$ "# "n inve#tment in he"th! " #%,-ect th"t pre#ent# opport%nitie# ofco#t ,enefit "n"y#i#. The me$ic" e+perti#e of v"rio%# co%ntrie# h"# "$$e$ " ne' pro$%ct to thee+i#tin& to%ri#m pro$%ct#.eope "re tr"vein& to v"rio%# co%ntrie# for tre"tment of v"rio%# "iment# "n$ me$ic" proce$%re# i)e

C"r$io c"re! >one M"rro' Tr"n#p"nt! 4i"y#i# "n$ i$ney tr"n#p"nt! Ne%ro #%r&ery! ointRep"cement S%r&ery! Uroo&y! O#teoporo#i#! "n$ n%mero%# other $i#e"#e#. Even co#metic #%r&ery!"tern"tive me$icine# i)e homeop"thy! "c%pre##%re! "y%rve$ic me$icine# "n$ n"t%rop"thy "re "#o,ecomin& to%ri#m pro$%ct# 'herein tr"ve comp"nie# "re offerin& 6o&" "n$ Re-%ven"tion p"c)"&e#.To%ri#t# tr"ve for 'h"t i# ie&" in oneQ# o'n co%ntry! e.&. ",ortion! e%th"n"#i"7 for in#t"nce! e%th"n"#i"for noncitien# i# provi$e$ ,y 4i&nit"# in S'iter"n$. To%ri#t# tr"ve "#o for "$v"nce$ c"re th"t i# not"v"i",e in oneQ# o'n co%ntry! in the c"#e th"t there"re on& '"itin& i#t# in oneQ# o'n co%ntry or for %#e of free or che"p he"thc"re or&"ni#"tion#.E"o-tourism

To%ri#m th"t com,ine# oc" economic $eveopment! protection of the 0%"ity of the environment "n$promotion of the n"t%r" "$v"nt"&e# "n$ the hi#tory of "n "re". The com,in"tion of " or #ome of the

",ove mentione$ )in$# of to%ri#m co%$ contri,%te #i&nific"nty to the $eveopment of to%ri#m in "nyco%ntry. The "v"i",iity of to%ri#t p"c)"&e# invovin& &"#tronomy! entert"inment "n$ inform"tion ",o%tthe c%t%r" 'e"th of " co%ntry #ho%$ ,e re&"r$e$ "# " priority i##%e for to%ri#t "&ent#! "# it 'i re$%cethe concentr"tion of to%ri#t "ctivity in cert"in "re"# "n$ 'i improve "n$ enrich the to%ri#t.Rural Tourism

Any form of to%ri#m th"t #ho'c"#e# the r%r" ife! "rt! c%t%re "n$ herit"&e "t r%r" oc"tion#! there,y!,enefitin& the oc" comm%nity economic"y "n$ #oci"y "# 'e "# en",in& inter"ction ,et'een theto%ri#t# "n$ the oc"# for "more enrichin& to%ri#m e+perience "n ,e terme$ "# r%r" to%ri#m. It i#m%tif"cete$ "n$ m"y ent"i f"rmK"&ric%t%r" to%ri#m! c%t%r" to%ri#m! n"t%re to%ri#m! "$vent%reto%ri#m! "n$ eco to%ri#m. The #tre##e# of %r,"n ife#tye# h"ve e"$ to thi# co%nter %r,"ni#"tion"ppro"ch to to%ri#m. There "re v"rio%# f"ctor# th"t h"ve e"$ to thi# ch"n&in& tren$ to'"r$# r%r"

to%ri#m i)e incre"#in& eve# of "'"rene##! &ro'in& intere#t in herit"&e "n$ c%t%re "n$ improve$"cce##i,iity "n$ environment" con#cio%#ne##! To%ri#t# i)e to vi#it vi"&e# to e+perience "n$ ive "re"+e$ "n$ he"thy ife#tye.Ethni" Tourism

Ethnic to%ri#m i# tr"vein& for the p%rpo#e of o,#ervin& the c%t%r" e+pre##ion# of ife#tye# of tr%ye+otic peope. S%ch to%ri#m i# e+empifie$ ,y tr"ve to "n"m" to #t%$y the S"n >"# In$i"n# or to In$i"to o,#erve the i#o"te$ hi tri,e# of A##"m. Typic" $e#tin"tion "ctivitie# 'o%$ inc%$e vi#it#to n"tive home#! "tten$in& tr"$ition" ceremonie# "n$ $"nce#! "n$ po##i,y p"rticip"tin& in rei&io%#rit%"#.

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Senior Citien Tourism

A ne'y emer&in& tren$ in to%ri#m! ,"#ic"y for #enior citien# or o$ peope 'ho ive in i#o"tion!e#peci"y in the 'e#t! ,ec"%#e of $"iy ,%#y #che$%e# of their chi$ren "n$ more import"nty the"ttit%$e#. The ch"r"cteri#tic fe"t%re of thi# type of to%ri#m i# th"t the #enior peope "re e## $em"n$in& inthe form of f"ciitie# "n$ #ervice#! ,e#i$e# e"vin& minim%m imp"ct on the $e#tin"tion comm%nity "n$their m"in con#i$er"tion i# on per#on"i#e$ #ervice.S!iritual Tourism

M"ny peope 'hen ivin& %n$er con$ition# of #tre## t%rn to #pirit%"ity. The E"#tern 'or$ i# con#i$ere$

to ,e very #pirit%" 'ith m"ny of the ne' "&e G%r%# "n$ their hermit"&e#. Thi# t")e# the form of "notherto%ri#m pro$%ct! th"t i#! #pirit%" to%ri#m. To%ri#t# vi#it p"ce# to "tten$ #pirit%" $i#co%r#e# "n$me$it"tion 'or)#hop#. For e+"mpe! The O#ho Fo%n$"tion! Art of ;ivin& Fo%n$"tion 'hich h"vecentre# " over the 'or$! >%$$hi#t Mon"#terie# "n$ A#hr"m#.)ol# Tourism

Gof h"# ,een en-oye$ ,y m"ny for " on& time. E"rier it '"# en-oye$ "# " #port ,%t in recent time# ith"# $eveope$ into " hot to%ri#m pro$%ct. M"ny to%ri#t or&"ni"tion# p"n promotion" p"c)"&e# to 'oothe &of to%ri#t e#peci"y from "p"n 'here the &reen fee# "re very hi&h. The#e to%ri#t# t")e e+c%#ive&ofin& hoi$"y# 'herein their "ccommo$"tion i# "#o "rr"n&e$ ne"r the co%r#e "n$ they ret%rn "fter#erio%# &of p"yin&.CHEC 6OUR ROGRESS 3

1 N"me #ome of the 'e )no'n To%ri#t "ce#.2 ;i#t o%t the v"rio%# cim"te# "n$ the re"te$ to%ri#t "ctivitie#.3 4ivi$e the foo'in& into "n$! '"ter "n$ "eri" A$vent%re Sport#!"r"ch%tin&! S"f"ri#! Snor)ein&!6"chtin&! S)y 4ivin&! Tre))in&!/"ter R"ftin&! H"n$ Gi$in&! S)iin&! >%n&ee %mpin&.SE;F ASSESSMENT UESTIONS1 4e#cri,e the v"rio%# ch"r"cteri#tic# of " to%ri#m pro$%ct.2 /ith the hep of e+"mpe# $i#tin&%i#h ,et'een N"t%r" "n$ M"nM"$e To%ri#t ro$%ct#.3 /rite " #hort note on C%t%r" To%ri#m.? >riefy $i#c%## the inter re"tion#hip ,et'een " the v"rio%# form# of to%ri#m pro$%ct#."#e$. I$entify 'hich )ey'or$# $o not ,eon& to thi# e##on.

ey'or$#: Mo%nt"in#! E"rth0%")e! 4"nce Fe#tiv"! G%i$e! OympicG"me#! A$verti#in&! Co#meticS%r&ery! Sc%," 4ivin&! Tic)et#.;ESSON 3TOURISM 0N2 ECONOM3

TOURISM: AN IN4USTR6To%ri#m in$%#try i# the one th"t $e"# 'ith the to%ri#t# "# con#%mer#! the money #pent ,y them! "n$ there#o%rce# ren$erin& v"rio%# &oo$# "n$ #ervice# 'hich f"ciit"te the compo#ition of the to%ri#m pro$%ct.Thi# in$%#try h"#,een n"me$ "# " #mo)ee## in$%#try( ,ec"%#e %ni)e other in$%#trie# it i# invi#i,e"n$ nonpo%tin&. The to%ri#m in$%#try i# "n e+tr"or$in"riy compe+ inte&r"tion of m"ny in$%#trie##pre"$ over m"ny #ector#. To%ri#m i# "n %m,re" in$%#try cont"inin& " #et of interre"te$ ,%#ine##p"rticip"nt#. For e+"mpe! in$%#trie# i)e Tr"n#port @Air! '"ter "n$ #%rf"ce! Accommo$"tion @Hote#!

Mote#! "n$ S%ppement"ry Accommo$"tion#! "n$ Tr"ve Comp"nie#! @To%r Oper"tor#K Tr"ve A&ent#Recre"tion "n$ Entert"inment In#tit%tion#! H"n$icr"ft# ,%#ine##! etc "n$ the provi#ion of the m"ny&oo$# "n$ #ervice# $em"n$e$ ,y to%ri#t#. Intere#tin&y! mo#t of the component in$%#trie# "#o &etre"te$ to v"rie$ commerci" "n$ noncommerci" "ctivitie# over "n$ ",ove provi$in& their #ervice# tothe to%ri#t#. A #impi#tic #tr%ct%re of the to%ri#m in$%#try c"n ,e #%&&e#te$ ,y '"y of " fr"me'or) "# inthe foo'in&i%#tr"tion.

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So%rce: ."mr"! .:M.Ch"n$! 2.>"#ic# Of To%ri#mTheory! Oper"tion An$ r"ctice!"ni#h)"%,i#her#

Over the ye"r#! there h"# ,een " &ro'in& "'"rene## of to%ri#m "# " h%m"n "ctivity! "n in$%#try! "n$ "c"t"y#t for economic &ro'th "n$ $eveopment. ;i)e "ny other in$%#try the to%ri#m in$%#try $r"'#re#o%rce# from the economy! "$$# v"%e "n$ pro$%ce# m"r)et",e pro$%ct#. The ony $ifference here i#th"t no t"n&i,e pro$%ct i# pro$%ce$ i)e in the c"#e of " m"n%f"ct%rin& in$%#try. The pro$%ct in thi#c"#e! "# 'e h"ve "re"$y $i#c%##e$ in the previo%# e##on! i# int"n&i,e "n$ -oint or compo#ite in n"t%re.The to%ri#m in$%#try imp"ct# v"rio%# "%+ii"ry @#pecific "n$ "nci"ry @&ener"in$%#trie# "# 'e.To%ri#m to$"y i# %n$er&oin& " r"pi$ tr"n#form"tion to'"r$# " ne' in$%#try h"vin& f"rre"chin&impic"tion# for or&"ni"tion# in the tr"ve "n$ to%ri#m in$%#try in p"rtic%"r! "n$ con#e0%ence# ofimport for $eveopin& "n$ $eveope$ co%ntrie# in &ener"! &ro'in& incre"#in&y $epen$ent on the to%ri#t$o"r.The force# $rivin& the ch"n&e in thi# in$%#try "re m"ny. In o$en time# peope tr"vee$ m"iny forcommerci" "n$ rei&io%# re"#on# "n$ ei#%re tr"ve '"# for the rich. To$"y peope tr"ve for " v"riety ofmotiv"tion#! inc%$in& ,%#ine##! ei#%re! rei&ion! c%t%re! vi#itin& frien$# "n$ re"tive#!e$%c"tion "n$he"th. The me"n# of tr"n#port"tion h"ve ,ecome v"rie$ "n$ f"#ter "n$ "# the tr"n#port ,ecome# f"#ter!ne' tr"veer# emer&e "n$ peope tr"ve &re"ter $i#t"nce#. Another import"nt force $rivin& the &ro'th'ithin the in$%#try i# the &ro'th "n$ e+p"n#ion of the mi$$e c"## "n$ "n incre"#e in their $i#po#",eincome.

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The tr"ve in$%#try i# compe+ in n"t%re "n$ ch"en&in& to m"n"&e.Thi# i# for three m"in re"#on# theirproce## type! co#t #tr%ct%re "n$ m"r)et fe"t%re#. In term# of proce##! mo#t oper"tion# "re " com,in"tionof c%#tomer proce##in& oper"tion#! m"teri" proce##in& oper"tion# "n$ inform"tion proce##in&oper"tion#. There i# " mi+ of co#t #tr%ct%re# ,"#e$ "ro%n$ provi#ion of #ervice! foo$! "ccommo$"tion!#i&ht#eein&! "irf"re etc. Forec"#tin& "n$ p"c)"&in& "re #ome )ey m"r)et fe"t%re#.Ori&in"y #e&ment"tion in the in$%#try '"# ,"#e$ on #oci" c"## ho'ever! c%rrenty m"ny f"ctor#inf%ence #e&ment"tion in the in$%#try. No' there "re pro$%ct# th"t "re #peci"y m"r)ete$ to #pecific&ro%p# of peope or m"r)et #e&ment# ,"#e$ on ife#tye. 4%e to #e&ment"tion more choice i# cre"te$ for

con#%mer# "n$ ,r"n$in& h"# emer&e$! m"-or comp"nie# "re $eveopin& ,r"n$# th"t "re e"#iyreco&ni",e! for e+"mpe! Thom"# Coo) hoi$"y#! St"r Cr%i#e#! etc.To%ri#t# "re no' " #ophi#tic"te$ ot. They "re $em"n$in& "n$ con#t"nty oo)in& for ne' v"ri"tion# inthe pro$%ct# "n$ ne'er $e#tin"tion#. In "$$ition! there i# &ro'in& environment" "'"rene## "n$tr"veer# "re incre"#in&y prep"re$ to #h%n overcommerci"ie$ "n$ po%te$ $e#tin"tion# for ne'er"n$ e## pop%"r one#. "r"e to " the#e ch"n&e# in the m"r)etp"ce! there i# $ere&%"tion of the "irinein$%#try! "n e+po#ion of technoo&y ,oth for "%tom"te$ re#erv"tion# "n$ for tr"ve m"n"&ement! "n$ "nincre"#in& tren$ to'"r$# concentr"tion of the in$%#try refecte$ ,y the "r&e n%m,er# of mer&er#!t")eover# "n$ "c0%i#ition of the in$%#try from o$( to ne'( to%ri#m.

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So%rce: ."mr"! .:M.Ch"n$! 2.>"#ic# Of To%ri#mTheory! Oper"tion An$ r"ctice!"ni#h)"%,i#her#

Ne' to%ri#m i# " tr"n#ition from the e+i#tin& to the to%ri#m of the f%t%re typifie$ ,y Fe+i,e to%ri#t pro$%ct# Se&ment"tion

Enh"nce$ to%ri#m e+perience# Thr%#t to'"r$# $i"&on"y inte&r"te$ or&"ni"tion# "n$ M"n"&ement of the to%ri#t in$%#try

There "re ce"r "n$ "pp"rent m"nife#t"tion# th"t the to%ri#t in$%#try i# ,e&innin& to t")e on ne'er$imen#ion#. The emer&in& ne' pr"ctice i# the cre"tion of " n%m,er of f"ctor# inc%$in& the #y#tem ofne' inform"tion technoo&ie# in the to%ri#m in$%#try! $ere&%"tion of the "irine in$%#try!environment" pre##%re#7 technoo&y compen#"tion7 ch"n&in& con#%mer t"#te#! ei#%re time! 'or)p"ttern# "n$ income $i#tri,%tion.The economic# of ne' to%ri#m i# 0%ite $ifferent from the o$. From #y#tem &"in#! #e&mente$ m"r)et#!$e#i&ne$ "n$ c%#tomie$ hoi$"y# the foc%# no' i# "#o on! profit",iity "n$ competitivene## in to%ri#m.The ne' tourists sho' $reater "are and have a "on"ern #or "onservation o# the natural

environment% There has een a shi#t to'ards e"o tourism4 $reen tourism4 rural tourism4 #armtourism4 sustainaleto%ri#m! etc. 'ith perpet%" opport%nitie# of,enefit from thi# ne' to%ri#m.Competitive Str"te&ie# for #%cce## h"ve to ,e empoye$ to$"y for #%rviv". There "re ne' techni0%e#"n$ tren$# to ,e foo'e$ ,y the in$%#try p"yer#. To &"in competitive "$v"nt"&e! the p"yer# "n$p"rticip"nt# of the in$%#try 'i h"ve to

,e c%#tomer frien$y! ,e 0%"ity con#cio%#! innov"te ne' "n$ ,etter pro$%ct#! m")e me"nin&f% v"%e "$$ition#.

An$ for to%ri#t $e#tin"tion# to ,e competitive! cert"in )ey principe# nee$ to ,e incorpor"te$ into the

poicy fr"me'or). Some of the#e "re ,e environment"y #en#itive! m")e to%ri#m " e"$in& #ector! #tren&then the $i#tri,%tion ch"nne# in the m"r)et p"ce! enco%r"&e priv"te #ector p"rticip"tion.

To$"y to%ri#m i# #en#itive to the environment "# 'e "# inh",it"nt# of the re&ion or "re"! to%ri#m i#sustainale4 and tourism is "a!ale o# trans#ormin$ tourism-de!endent and vulnerale areas?

e"onomiesinto vi",e entitie#. To%ri#m i# in " #t"&e of revo%tion"ry ch"n&e "n$ " ne' )in$ of to%ri#mi# emer&in& f"#t. Ne' to%ri#m promi#e# fe+i,iity! #e&ment"tion "n$ $i"&on"inte&r"tion. It i# $riven ,y inform"tion technoo&ie# "n$ ch"n&in& con#%mer re0%irement#. To$"y thi#in$%#try c"n pro$%ce "n entire #y#tem of v"%e "$$ition "n$ 'e"th &ener"tion. The o,-ective to$"y i#

to%ri#m #ho%$ ,e p"nne$ in " m"nner th"t it ,enefit# the comm%nity "# " 'hoe! h"# ,enefit# for theoc"#! "n$ optimie# the e+pect"tion# of the to%ri#t# ,e#i$e# t")in& c"re of the environment.(Tourism is a $ro'th industr(

In the 21#t cent%ry the &o," economy 'i ,e $riven ,y three m"-or #ervice in$%#trie# 9 Technoo&y!Teecomm%nic"tion# "n$ To%ri#m. Tr"ve "n$ to%ri#m 'i ,e one of the 'or$(# hi&he#t &ro'th #ector#in the c%rrent cent%ry. To%ri#m! "ccor$in& to e+pert# i# e+pecte$ to c"pt%re the &o," m"r)et "n$,ecome the "r&e#t in$%#try in the 'or$. The #t"ti#tic# "n$ pro-ection# point to "n er" of %nprece$ente$&ro'th of to%ri#m "ro%n$ the 'or$. From J miion intern"tion" to%ri#t "rriv"# in the ye"r 1B the/TO h"# e#tim"te$ th"t intern"tion" to%ri#m "rriv"# 'or$'i$e 'o%$ ,e 1.< ,iion ,y the ye"r 22.

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Accor$in& to the "te#t report from the /or$ Tr"ve "n$ To%ri#m Co%nci @/TTC in the ye"r 1BBBTr"ve "n$ To%ri#m &ener"te$ ",o%t 3.


23/212

to%ri#m pre#ent# e+ceent opport%nitie# for $eveopin& entreprene%r#hip! for #t"ff tr"inin& "n$pro&re##ion "n$ for the $eveopment of tr"n#fer",e #)i#. To%ri#m $eveopment foc%#e# on n"tion""n$ re&ion" m"#ter p"nnin&. It "#o foc%#e# on intern"tion" promotion! "ttr"ctin& in'"r$ inve#tment.The prim"ry concern h"# ,een 'ith m"+imiin& forei&n e+ch"n&e e"rnin. The#e e"rnin en",e the&overnment to fin"nce $e,t "n$ "#o to fin"nce #ome inve#tment in technoo&y "n$ other import# foreconomic $eveopment.No trade arriers to tourism

Uni)e m"ny other form# of intern"tion" tr"$e! to%ri#m $oe# not #%ffer from the impo#ition of tr"$e

,"rrier#! #%ch "# 0%ot"# or t"riff#. Mo#ty! $e#tin"tion co%ntrie# h"ve free "n$ e0%" "cce## to theintern"tion" to%ri#m m"r)et. Thi# po#ition h"# ,ecome #tren&thene$ ,y the inc%#ion of to%ri#m inthe Gener" A&reement on Tr"$e in Service#! 'hich ,ec"me oper"tion" in "n%"ry 1BB


24/212

The /TO i# convince$ th"t to%ri#m h"# con#i$er",e potenti" for &ro'th in m"ny $eveopin& co%ntrie#"n$ ;e## 4eveope$ Co%ntrie# @;4C# 'here it i#" #i&nific"nt economic #ector "n$ promi#in& hi&h&ro'th r"te7 "n$ th"t it h"# "$v"nt"&e# 'hen comp"re$ 'ith other economic #ector#. Thi# c"#e c"n ,e#%mm"rie$ "# foo'#:Com!arative 0dvanta$es o# Tourism as a 2evelo!ment Strate$( #or 2evelo!in$ Countries%

1. To%ri#m i# con#%me$ "t the point of pro$%ction. Thi# re#%t# in &re"t opport%nitie# for in$ivi$%"# "n$microenterpri#e#! in %r,"n or m"r&in" r%r" "re"#! to #e "$$ition" pro$%ct# @e.&.! h"n$icr"ft#"n$ #o%venir# or #ervice# @e.&. &%i$in& or m%#ic to the potenti" con#%mer#.

2. Acce## to intern"tion" m"r)et# i# " #erio%# pro,em for $eveopin& co%ntrie# p"rtic%"ry intr"$ition" #ector# i)e foo$! "&ric%t%re "n$ te+tie# 'here they confront t"riff "n$ nont"riff ,"rrier#.Thi# i# not the c"#e for the to%ri#m #ector! 'here ,"rrier# 'o%$ invove vi#" re#triction# "n$ re"te$t"+e# ony. The e+"mpe of C%," i# in#tr%ctive in thi# re&"r$. /hi#t C%," h"# #tr%&&e$ to fin$ e+portm"r)et# for it# #%&"r "n$ to,"cco! it h"# ,een m%ch more #%cce##f% in m"int"inin& " $yn"mic to%ri#min$%#try.3. Mo#t e+port in$%#trie# $epen$ on fin"nci"! pro$%ctive "n$ h%m"n c"pit". The to%ri#m in$%#try notony $epen$# on the#e! ,%t "#o on n"t%r" c"pit" @e.&. 'i$ife! #cenery "n$ ,e"che# "n$ c%t%re@fo)$"nce#! m%#ic! "n$ h"n$icr"ft#! 'hich "re #ometime# the ony "##et# o'ne$ ,y the poor.?. To%ri#m h"# p"rtic%"r potenti" in m"ny co%ntrie# 'ith fe' other competitive e+port#.


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26/212

Lin6a$es

There "re m"ny '"y# in 'hich oc" comm%nitie# c"n ,e ,enefitte$ ,y the#e propo#ition#. The ,e#t '"yi# to incre"#e the e+tent of in)"&e# ,et'een form" to%ri#m #ector "n$ the oc" economy. >y form"to%ri#m #ector 'e me"n hote#! re#t"%r"nt#! o$&e#! "n$ to%r "n$ tr"n#port "&encie#. To the e+tentin)"&e# to the oc" economy c"n ,e incre"#e$! the e+tent of e")"&e# 'i ,e re$%ce$. The incre"#e$inte&r"tion c"n f%rther $eveop #tron& in)"&e# ,et'een to%ri#m "n$ other economic #ector#. Not ony$o "&ric%t%re! fi#herie#! m"n%f"ct%rin&! con#tr%ction "n$ $ome#tic in$%#trie# &et inte&r"te$! the"%+ii"ry "n$ "nci"ry in$%#trie# "re "#o #tren&thene$. Thi# in t%rn provi$e# "$$ition" reven%e "n$

-o,#! 'hich re$%ce# the import content "n$ forei&n e+ch"n&e e")"&e# from the to%ri#m in$%#try.Government "n$ $eveopment "&encie# #ho%$ cre"te oc" in)"&e# "# p"rt of their over" to%ri#m$eveopment #tr"te&y in the p"nnin&! con#tr%ction "n$ oper"tion" ph"#e#. There "re three #et# off"ctor#! 'hich "re import"nt in enh"ncin& the e+tent of oc" in)"&e#: The cre"tion of empoyment "t " #)i eve# "n$ p"rtic%"ry 'here there i# e+i#tin& c"p"city. The Antipoverty to%ri#m $eveopment #tr"te&ie# h"ve #%&&e#te$ ne' "ttr"ction#(. The to%r

oper"tor# "t the &ro%n$ eve #ho%$ inte&r"te the#e. The critic" "re"# inc%$e cre"tin& m%t%"y,enefici" ,%#ine## in)"&e# ,et'een the form" "n$ inform" #ector#. Sm" "n$ emer&in&entreprene%r# "re often ne&ecte$. ;oc" &overnment #ho%$ en#%re th"t microenterpri#e# "n$emer&in& entreprene%r# "re promote$ 'hie t")in& oc" to%ri#m m"r)etin& initi"tive#. 5i#itor"ttr"ction#! p"r)#! c%t%r" #ite# "n$ hote# #ho%$ ,e enco%r"&e$ to provi$e inform"tion ",o%t

oc" pro$%ct# "n$ #ervice# provi$e$ ,y the poor. There i# nee$ to %n$er#t"n$ to%ri#t e+pect"tion# thoro%&hy.

A#o! #m" enterpri#e# to meet the cre$it nee$# "n$ m"r)etin& nee$# "re "#o re0%ire$. Sm" enterpri#e##ometime# f"ce $iffic%tie# in meetin& the re0%irement# of he"th "n$ #"fety! icen#in& "n$ otherre&%"tory re0%irement#. There i# " nee$ to #y#tem"tic"y e$%c"te "n$ tr"in the poor in #%ch " '"y th"tthey "re ",e to inte&r"te them#eve# 'ith the &ro'in& re0%irement# re"tin& to re&%"tion#.The oc" m"r)et #ho%$ ,e &e"re$ %p to $eiver 0%"it"tivey rei",e "n$ competitive &oo$# "n$#ervice# to to%ri#t#. The oc" ,%#ine## comm%nity #ho%$ ,e "ctivey invove$ in the proce## thro%&hp"rtner#hip "ppro"che#. Thi# re0%ire# contin%o%# effort#! 'hich i# po##i,e thro%&h on&termp"rtner#hip to ,enefit from in)"&e#. Once p"nnin& commi##ion conce##ion# "re ,ein& &r"nte$! priv"te#ector comp"nie# c"n ,e "#)e$ to m")e the $eveopment of #%ch in)"&e# p"rt of their ,i$.

To%ri#m c"n hep in $iver#ifyin& other #ector# of the oc" economy "n$ c"n cre"te ne' one#! offerin&"$$ition" comm%nity iveihoo$ opport%nitie#. ;oc" economic ,enefit# "n$ o'ner#hip "rei)ey to ,e &re"ter! if oc" comm%nitie# p"rticip"te in $iver#ifie$ ,%#ine## "ctivitie#. No' 'ith the&ro'in& "'"rene## &overnment# "re "$optin& poicie#! to enco%r"&e "n$ f"ciit"te p"rticip"tion ,y theoc" comm%nitie#. The p"rticip"tion ,y the poor in the $eveopment of to%ri#m pro-ect# m"y re#%t inincre"#in& empoyment "n$ &ro'th of compement"ry pro$%ct#.The#e ,enefit# c"n f%rther ,e m"+imie$ thro%&h p"rtner#hip #"t the $e#tin"tion eve. There i# "tremendous !ossiilit( o# rin$in$ aout sustainale develo!ment #or the lo"al e"onom( i# ,otels

and tour o!erators 'or6 to$ether 'ith lo"al "ommunities4 lo"al $overnment and N)Os% This c"nhel! in redu"in$ !overt( and "an !rovide a ri"her e!erien"e to domesti" and international

tourists% Su"h !artnershi!s 'ill ene#it oth the host "ommunities and the to%ri#m in$%#try. Thi#

'i "#o hep them e"rn more to%ri#m $o"r#! e%ro(# or po%n$# 'itho%t "ny e")"&e#. Thi# c"n f%rther,e %tiie$ for comm%nity $eveopment. Thro%&h "ffirm"tive poicie#! enterpri#e# c"n on tri,%te#i&nific"nty to economic $eveopment! in ,oth their con#tr%ction" "n$ oper"tion" ph"#e#.

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Some !ra"ti"al strate$ies #or develo!in$ lo"al e"onomi" lin6a$es are dis"ussed elo':

1. Mar6et 0""ess and En"lave TourismThere i# pr"ctic"y no in) ,et'een oc" peope "n$ to%ri#m m"r)et. To%ri#t# "re not "cce##i,e to theoc" comm%nity 'hen they "re 'ithin their hote#! co"che#! "n$ #"f"ri vehice# or in#i$e #ite# "n$"ttr"ction# #%ch "# m%#e%m#. The#e "re " enc"ve form# of to%ri#m. The oc" comm%nity peope 'ho'i#h to #e their pro$%ct# to to%ri#t# $on(t h"ve "cce## to them. They en$ %p h"')in& "n$ to%tin& "tentry point#. The pro,em i# #ti more $iffic%t in c"#e of Cr%i#e #hip p"##en&er# "n$ to%ri#t on ="

inc%#ive= hote or re#ort p"c)"&e# 'here oc" entreprene%r# h"r$y inter"ct 'ith them. Acce## to them"r)et p"y# m"-or roe in invovin& entreprene%r# in the to%ri#m in$%#try. Thi# i# p"rtic%"ry tr%e inthe c"#e of the inform" #ector7 'here the ret%rn on oc" #)i# "n$ #ervice# i# often m"+imie$ "n$'here the #c"e of c"pit" inve#tment# i# o'. There i# " nee$ to )eep thi# "#pect in min$ "t the time ofto%ri#m p"nnin&! "# "cce## to to%ri#t# for the inform" #ector i# often ne&ecte$.Some to%ri#t# prefer "inc%#ive p"c)"&e#! "# they $o not "'"y# fee #"fe in " ne' $e#tin"tion "n$ "reh"ppier in " protecte$ environment. They fee protecte$ from the poverty "n$ h"##e from,e&&"r#! to%t# "n$ h"')er# in #ome $e#tin"tion#. >%t there i# " '"y to #ove thi# pro,em. Thi# re0%ire#p"rtner#hip "ppro"ch ,et'een Hote "n$ inform" tr"$er#. Thi# "o'# inform" tr"$er# to provi$e #%ch"n environment 'here to%ri#t# fee #ec%re in movin& ,eyon$ the enc"ve "n$ to "ppro"ch h"##efreeDcr"ft# m"r)et#. ;oc" &%i$e# c"n "#o hep in e#t",i#hin& cont"ct ,et'een to%ri#t# "n$ tr"$er# ,y rot"tion

for 'hich they m"y h"ve "&reement "mon& them#eve#. Thi# "#o re0%ire# o,#ervin& cert"in co$e ofcon$%ct ,y the oc" tr"$er# "n$ &%i$e.There #ho%$ ,e " $e#i&n to in) the inform" #ector 'ith form" #ector #o th"t poor mem,er# ofcomm%nity c"n ,e hepe$ "n$ to%ri#t m"r)et ,ecome# "cce##i,e to them. Thi# c"n hep them &"in theeconomic ,enefit from it.There "re " n%m,er of #tr"te&ie# th"t c"n ,e %#e$ to enh"nce over" economic,enefit# "n$ c"n f%rther re$%ce poverty.2% )ro'th and Sele"tion:Attr"ctin& more of the mo#t "ppropri"te m"r)et Se&ment#It h"# ,een o,#erve$ th"t the to%ri#m #ector in the poore#t co%ntrie# i# &ener"y hi&hy $epen$ent onintern"tion" m"r)et#! "# they $o not h"ve #i&nific"nt $ome#tic m"r)et#. Ho'ever! it h"# "#o,een note$ e"rier th"t " #i&nific"nt n%m,er of $eveopin& co%ntrie# h"ve #tron& $ome#tic to%ri#m#ector# "# 'e "# #i&nific"nt o%t,o%n$ to%ri#t#. It ,ecome# imper"tive th"t the $ome#tic m"r)et #ho%$

"'"y# ,e con#i$ere$ fir#t ,y the poore#t co%ntrie#! ,%t in or$er to m"+imie forei&n e+ch"n&e reven%e#!the prim"ry foc%# contin%e# to ,e on intern"tion" "rriv"#. There i# " ch"en&e to "ttr"ct "r&er n%m,er#of tho#e intern"tion" "n$ $ome#tic to%ri#t# 'ho "re mo#t i)ey to ,enefit the poor! tho#e pre$i#po#e$ tovi#it oc" m"r)et# "n$ to #ee) fir#t h"n$ e+perience# of n"t%re! c%t%re "n$ $"iy ife 'hich "re mo#ti)ey to ,e provi$e$ ,y poor peope. It i# 'orth mentionin& the import"nce of intr"re&ion" to%ri#m inthi# re&"r$7 /TO reporte$ intr"re&ion" to%ri#m "# &ro'in& in mo#t re&ion# of the 'or$. It i##i&nific"nt th"t ? of Afric"(# to%ri#m come# from nei&h,orin& Afric"n co%ntrie#. Thi# opport%nityc"n ,e &r",,e$ ,y openin& %p the ro"$# "n$ improvin& the mo$e# of tr"n#port ,et'een co%ntrie# inAfric"! 'hich 'o%$ &re"ty enh"nce the movement of peope "n$ contri,%te in re$%cin& poverty. Intr"re&ion" to%ri#m i# e#peci"y v"%",e for propoor to%ri#m "n$ oc" economic $eveopment. Thi# i#,ec"%#e of the f"ct th"t there i# &re"ter i)eihoo$ of #h"re$ c%t%r" v"%e# "n$ f"mii"rity 'ith #oci"

#y#tem# ,et'een the peope of nei&h,orin& co%ntrie#.There i# no $o%,t th"t there i# " c"#e for "ttr"ctin& more vi#itor# in or$er to incre"#e the economicimp"ct. At the #"me time 'e m%#t %n$er#t"n$ th"t thi# #tr"te&y 'i ony "##i#t in poverty re$%ction ifthe "$$ition" to%ri#t# c"n ,e enco%r"&e$ to #pen$ in '"y# th"t ,enefit the poor "n$ if it re#%t# in over"#%#t"in",iity. The /or$ >"n)(# /or$ 4eveopment Report reco&nie$ th"t economic &ro'th $oe# notnece##"riy re#%t in #'ift poverty re$%ction. Thi# re0%ire# "n e+picity propoor #tr"te&y. Thi# me"n#th"t there #ho%$ ,e con#t"nt &ro'th! 'hich f"vo%r# poor in " $i#proportion"te '"y. Some of the )eycomponent# of ,ro"$,"#e$ &ro'th 'hich "##i#t in ,enefitin& the poor inc%$e: Government commitment "n$ re#pon#ivene## to the nee$# of the poor

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The e+p"n#ion of empoyment opport%nitie# for the poor Improve$ pro$%ctivity for the poor! Improve$ "cce## for the poor to cre$it! )no'e$&e "n$ infr"#tr%ct%re! Inve#tment in the h%m"n c"pit" of the poor @p"rtic%"ry e$%c"tion "n$ he"th.

+% In"reasin$ tourists? len$th o# sta(:

The economic ret%rn# c"n ,e incre"#e$ 'ith the #"me n%m,er of to%ri#t "rriv"# if effort# c"n ,e m"$e toe+ten$ their #t"y for " on&er perio$. Thi# re#%t# in the $eveopment of the pro$%ct ,yincre"#in& the n%m,er# of ,e$ ni&ht# "n$ the e+pen$it%re of to%ri#t# on ,o"r$in& "n$ o$&in&. There 'i

,e " poverty re$%ction imp"ct! if the "$$ition" ,e$ ni&ht# c"n cre"te e+tr" empoyment or cre"te &re"teropport%nitie# for the poor to #e &oo$# "n$ #ervice# to the to%ri#t# or to the to%ri#m industr(%.% In"reasin$ visitor e!enditure:

No'"$"y# there i# " m"r)et tren$ to'"r$# more e+perienti" hoi$"y#. To%ri#t# '"nt to e"rn more",o%t the co%ntrie# they "re vi#itin&: the peope! their c%t%re#! tr"$ition#! c%i#ine! etc. It i# m%ch moreth"n mere hoi$"ym")in&. The tren$ i# to'"r$# more "ctive hoi$"y#! &re"ter per#on" invovement "n$"ctive p"rticip"tion in#te"$ of p"##ive re"+"tion. Thi# "&"in h"# potenti" for the $iver#ific"tion "n$enrichment of the to%ri#m pro$%ct. There i# #cope to $eveop more "ctivitie# "n$ "ttr"ction#! 'ithincre"#e$ $em"n$ for interpreter# "n$ #ervice# of &%i$e# "n$ tr"n#port nece##"ry for their en-oyment.Thi# incre"#e# ,oth e+pen$it%re "n$ en&th of #t"y. M")in& more e+ten#ive%#e of n"t%r" "n$ c%t%r" herit"&e! "t the #"me time c"ref%y m"n"&in& the to%ri#m imp"ct# #o "# to

en#%e the con#erv"tion of re#o%rce#! c"n m")e "n import"nt contri,%tion ,oth to economic$eveopment "n$ con#erv"tion. Thi# e"$# to &ro'th in Speci" intere#t to%ri#t#D 'ho ten$ to #pen$more money on "n$ $%rin& their hoi$"y# "n$ to #t"y on&er! 'hether tho#e intere#t# "re ,"#e$ onn"t%r"! "rch"eoo&ic"! hi#toric" or c%t%r" herit"&e! or ,"#e$ on "$vent%re "n$ phy#ic" ch"en&e./% 2evelo!in$ Com!lementar( Produ"ts:

rovi$in& " &re"ter v"riety "n$ richne## of "ttr"ction# "n$ "ctivitie# "t $e#tin"tion c"n incre"#e to%ri#t#(e+pen$it%re. Thi# 'i incre"#e the propen#ity of tr"veer# to vi#it v"rio%# "ttr"ction# "t the $e#tin"tion"n$ m"y e+ten$ their en&th of #t"y "n$ incre"#e their e+pen$it%re. Thi# tr"n#"te# into cre"tin& morepromi#in& opport%nitie# for the $eveopment of compement"ry pro$%ct# th"t en",e the poor to en&"&ein the in$%#try "n$ to profit from it. The &ro'th in e#t",i#he$ in$%#try re#%t# in #tim%"tin& intere#t inthe $eveopment of compement"ry pro$%ct#: to%ri#m #ervice# @i)e &%i$e$ '")# "n$ the performin&

"rt# "n$ &oo$# @p"rtic%"ry cr"ft# "n$ other oc" #peci"tie#. Thi# compement# the core to%ri#mf"ciitie# of tr"n#port! e+c%r#ion# "n$ "ccommo$"tion. The i#t of compement"ry effect# &oe# onincre"#in&. The#e compement"ry to%ri#m pro$%ct# often provi$e e+perience# th"t "re not provi$e$ ,ythe to%r oper"tor# ,%t 'hich enrich their pro$%ct. Hoteier# "n$ to%r oper"tor# c"n enco%r"&e oc"peope to $eveop to%ri#m pro$%ct# "n$ #ervice# "n$ to #%pport them in $oin& #o 'ith tr"inin& "n$m"r)etin&. Thi# 'i incre"#e the "ttr"ctivene## of the $e#tin"tion "n$ incre"#e to%ri#t e+pen$it%re in theoc" economy "n$ 'i "#o $eveop the compement"ry pro$%ct#. ;oc" comm%nitie# c"n often en&"&ein the provi#ion of compement"ry pro$%ct# ,ec"%#e it re0%ire# e## c"pit" inve#tment "n$ i# thereforee## ri#)y. To%ri#m i# often ,e#t con#i$ere$ "# "n "$$ition" $iver#ific"tion option for the poor! r"therth"n " #%,#tit%te for their core me"n# of iveihoo$. A# "n "$$ition" #o%rce of income @or other ,enefit#it c"n p"y "n import"nt p"rt in improvin& ivin& #t"n$"r$# "n$ r"i#in& peope ",ove the poverty

thre#ho$. The poor c"n m"+imie their ret%rn# ,y choo#in& form# of p"rticip"tion! 'hich compeme

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