tourism attractions

1. Tourism AttractionsRamakrishna Kongalla

2. Tourism slogans Indian Tourism-Atithi Devo Bhava. Kerala-Gods Own Country. AP-The Kohinoor of India, unendingdiscovery, essence of Incredible india MP-The Very Heart of India. Chattisgarh-Full of Surprises. Rajasthan-Simply Colorful/The GrandCanvas. Pondicherry-Give time a break, peaceful Himachal Pradesh-The Perfect Host, Adestn 4 all reasons & allseasons, unoforgotable himachal Orissa -The soul of India. Tamil Nadu-Experienceyourself, enchanting tamilnadu UP-Amazing Heritage, Grand Experience. West Bengal-CompleteDestination, beautiful bengal Goa- 365 days on a holiday. Lakshadweep 99% fun 1% land, 100thousand islands Jammu & kashmir Heaven on Earth,Chalo kashmir Punjab the smiling face of India, Indiabegins here Uttrakhand never out of season, theland of gods, simply heaven Haryana - A pioneer of highway tourism Rajasthan Incredible state of India Bihar Jharkhand A new experience Sikkim small but beautiful Arunachal pradesh gateway to serenity,exotically yours Assam Gujarat Kushboo gujarat ki Maharashtra Unlimited, explore Karnataka one state many worlds Andaman Enjoy but do not destroy thebeautyRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 2

3. International tourism slogans Australia. A different light We cant wait to say Gday % Pure New Zealand Vietnam. A Destination for the New Millennium Theres no place like Hong Kong Hong Kong will takeyour breath away! Come to Bangladesh before the tourists Philippines. More than the usual Thailand. Happiness on Earth. Amazing Thailand -Experience Variety. Amazing Thailand - Dreams forall seasons. Malaysia. Truly Asia. Where Else But Queensland Beautiful one day,perfect the next Manly. Seven Miles from Sydney, a Thousand Milesfrom Care Incredible India India. Eternally Yours Theres no place like it (campaign for Sydney & NewSouth Wales) Indonesia. Ultimate in Diversity. My Indonesia - Justa Smile Away Uniquely Singapore. Live it up inSingapore! Surprising Singapore Croatia. The Mediterranean as it once was Live it. Visit Scotland Lancashire. Its a real pleasure. Austria. At last! Austria. Youve arrived Ireland. The Island of Memories... Awaken To ADifferent World Live your myth in Greece A new point of view.(campaign for Athens, Attica) Greece. BeyondWords. Wales. Big Country Cyprus. The Island for All Seasons Cyprus. A wholeworld on a single island Smile! You are in Spain! Spain Marks , Spain.Everything Under the Sun Andalucia. Theres only one. Switzerland. Get natural Luzern. Swiss made. Latvia. The Land that Sings. The Heartland of theBaltic Andorra. The Pyrenean Country. Pure. Natural. Unspoiled. Iceland. The Way LifeShould Be. Sicilia. Everything else is in the shade Estonia. Positively Transforming.Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 3

4. World Heritage sites in India The World Heritage Sites in India recognized by the UNESCOare 28, as of 2010 These are places of importance of cultural or naturalheritage as described in the UNESCO World HeritageConvention, established in 1972 Indias first two sites inscribed on the list at the SeventhSession of the World Heritage held in 1983 were the AgraFort and the Ajanta Caves Over the years, 26 more sites have been inscribed, the latestsite inscribed in 2010 being the Jantar Mantar, Jaipur. Of these 28 sites, 23 are cultural sites and the other 5 arenatural sites. A tentative list of further sites/properties submitted by Indiafor recognition includes 30 sitesRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 4

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6. Kaziranga Wild Life Sanctuary, Assam in the flood plains ofthe Brahmaputra Rivers southbank, was declared in 1985 forits unique natural environment. It was first established as areserved forest in 1908 toprotect the dwindling species ofRhinoceros. It underwent severaltransformations over theyears, as The Kaziranga GameSanctuary in 1916, renamed asKaziranga Wild Life Sanctuary in1950, and declared a nationalpark in 1974. The park, which covers an areaof 42,996 hectares (106,250acres), has the distinction ofbeing home to the worldslargest population of the GreatIndian One-Horned Rhinoceros.Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, an area of 50,000 hectares (120,000 acres) inthe plains of the Manas, by UNESCO in 1985 forits unique natural environment. The sanctuary is the habitat of several species ofplants and 21 most threatened species ofmammals, out of 55 mammal species in thesanctuary, 36 reptile species, 3 amphibians and350 species of birds; endangered species include Tiger, pygmyhog, clouded leopard, sloth bear, IndianRhinoceros, wild buffaloes (the only pure stainof buffaloes in India), Indian Elephants, goldenlangur and Bengal Florican. In 1907, it was declared a reserve forest, wasdeclared a sanctuary in 1928, and became aTiger Reserve in 1973 as part of Project Tigerand a World Heritage Site in December 1985. Plants listed under the broad category of BurmaMonsoon Forests include 285 speciesof Dicotyledons and 98 speciesof Monocotyledons. Since 1992, the sanctuary has been listed underThe World Heritage in DangerRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 6

7. Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (BuddhaGaya), spread over an area of 4.86 hectares (12.0 acres) The first temple was built by Emperor Ashoka inthe 3rd century BC (260 BC) around the BodhiTree Ficus religiosa (to the west of the temple).However, the temples seen now are datedbetween 5th and 6th centuries AD. Thestructures have been built in bricks. Revered and sanctified as the place whereSiddhartha Gautama Buddha was enlightened in531 BC at age 35, and then propagated his divineknowledge of Buddhism to the world, it has beenthe ultimate temple for reverential worship, overthe last several centuries, by Buddhists of alldenominations, from all over the world who visiton pilgrimage. The main temple is 50 m in height, builtin Indian architectural style, dated between 5thand 6th centuries, and it is the oldest temple inthe Indian sub-continent built during theGolden Age of Indian culture credited tothe Gupta period. Sculpted balustrades of the Ashokan times (3rdcentury BC) are preserved in the ArchaeologicalMuseum located within the temple complexHumayuns Tomb, Delhi, the first tomb built with several innovations, set atthe centre of luxurious gardens with waterchannels, was the precursor monument to the TajMahal (built a century later). It was built in 1570 and was inscribed as a UNESCOWorld Heritage Monument in 1993 for its culturalimportance. It was built in 15691570 by the secondMughal Emperor Humayuns widow Biga Begum(Hajji Begum). Its architecture is credited to Mirza Ghiyath andits Mughal architectural style has been acclaimed asthe necropolis of the Mughal dynasty for its doubledomed elevation provided with Chhatris .Apart from the tomb of Humayun, the funerary alsohas 150 tombs of various members of the royalfamily. The tomb is built with achar-bagh (fourfold) layoutwith two gates, one on the south and the other onthe west. It has a number of water channels, apavilion and a bath. The tomb set on an irregular octagonal plinth has araised dome of 42.5 m height, covered by marbleslabs and decorated with chhatrisRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 7

8. Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi, located to the south of Delhi, is a complex with the QutbMinar as the centre piece, which is a red sandstone towerof 72.5 metres (238 ft) height with a base of 14.32 metres(47.0 ft) reducing to 2.75 metres (9.0 ft) diameter at thetop. Built in the beginning of the 13th century, the complex ofstructures comprises itineraries, the Alai Darwaza Gate(1311), the Alai Minar (an incomplete mound of theintended Minar or tower), the Qubbat-ul-Islam Mosque (theearliest existing mosque in India), the tomb of Iltumish, andan Iron Pillar. The complex is a testimony to the Islamic depredationsduring the period as seen from the materials used forbuilding the complex which are those that were removedafter destroying Hindu and Jain temples; a shining iron pillar of 7.02 metres (23.0 ft) height (withoutany trace of rusting) erected at the centre of the complex,with inscriptions in Sanskrit, of the Chandra Gupta II periodis a moot witness. History records its construction, initially by QutubuddinAibak in 1192, its completion by Iltumish (121136) andagain by Alauddin Khalji (12961316). It underwent several renovations by subsequent rulers,following damage to the structures due to lightning. It was inscribed under the UNESCO World Heritage Listunder category iv for its unique representation of theIslamic architectural and artistic excellence Red Fort Complex built in the 17th century by Shahjahan (162858), thefifth Mughal Emperor as part of his new capital city ofShahjahanabad. located to the north of Delhi The architectural design of the structures built within thefort represents a blend of Persian, Timuri and Indianarchitectural styles; Isfahan, the Persian Capital is said to have provided theinspiration to build the Red Fort Complex. the precursor of several monuments which were builtlater in Rajasthan, Delhi, Agra and other places. The palace complex has been fortified by an enclosurewall built with red sand stone (hence the name Red Fort). It is adjacent to the Salimgarh Fort on its north builtby Islam Shah Suri in 1546 and is now part of the Red FortComplex (area covered 120 acres) under the revisedinscription of the UNESCO World Heritage List undercategories (i),(ii), (iii) and (vi). Built between 1639 and 1648, enclosing an area of size656 metres (2,152 ft)x328 metres (1,076 ft) and raising toa height of 23 metres (75 ft) on the right bank ofthe Yamuna River, it is linked to the Salimgarh Fortthrough a bridge over an old river channel, now a cityroad. The palace within the fort complex, located behind theDiwan-i-Am (Hall of Public Audience), comprises a seriesof richly engraved marble palace pavilions,interconnected by water channels called the Nehr-i-Behishit meaning the Stream of Paradise, the Diwane-i-khas (Private audience hall), several other essentialprivate structures, and also the Moti Masjid (PearlMosque built by Emperor Aurangzeb)Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 8

9. Churches and Convents of Goa are monuments inscribed by UNESCO under the WorldHeritage List in 1986 as cultural property, under criteria(ii),(iv) and (vi), which were built bythe Portuguese colonial rulers of Goa between 16th and18th centuries. These monuments are mainly in the former capitalof Velha Goa. Velha Goa is also known Goem, PornemGy, Adlem Gi, Old Goa or Saibachem Gi, where Saib orGoencho Saib refers to Saint Francis Xavier. The most significant of these monuments is the Basilicaof Bom Jesus, which enshrines the tomb containing therelics of St. Francis Xavier. These monuments of Goa, known as the Rome of theOrient, were established by different Catholic religiousorders, from 25 November 1510 onwards. There were originally 60 churches of which some of thesurviving monuments in the city of Velha Goa are theSaint Catherines Chapel (where one of the first, probablyonly besides the Angediva Island, Latin rite mass inAsia, was held on Saint Catherines feast day- i.e. 25November 1510), These monuments were forerunners in establishing anensemble of the Manueline, Mannerist and Baroque artforms in the Asian region. The monuments are built in laterites and walls plasteredwith limestone mortar mixed with broken shells. For thisreason, the monuments need constant maintenance toprevent deterioration due to monsoon climaticconditions, and thus keep them in good shape.Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park is situated in Panchmahal district inGujarat, It was inscribed as a UNESCO WorldHeritage Site in 2004 as a natural site. There is a concentration of largelyunexcavated archaeological, historic andliving cultural heritage properties cradled inan impressive landscape which includesprehistoric (chalcolithic) sites, a hill fortressof an early Hindu capital, and remains ofthe 16th century capital of the state ofGujarat. The site also includes, among othervestiges, fortifications, palaces, religiousbuildings, residential precincts, agriculturalstructures and water installations, from the8th to the 14th centuries. The Kalikamata Temple on top ofthe Pavagadh Hill is considered to be animportant shrine, attracting large numbersof pilgrims throughout the year. The site is the only complete andunchanged Islamic pre-Mughal cityRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 9

10. The Group of Monuments atHampi comprise a sombre butostentatious Hampi town, innorthern Karnataka. Hampi subsumes the ruinsof Vijayanagara, which was theformer capital ofthe Vijayanagara Empire. Dravidian temples and palacesabound in Hampi. These won the admiration oftravellers between the 14th and16th centuries. Hampi, as an important Hindureligious centre, hasthe VirupakshaTemple (differentfrom Pattadakals VirupakshaTemple) and several othermonuments, which are part ofthe cultural heritage siteinscribed under category (i), (iii)and (iv) in the UNESCO WorldHeritage ListThe Group of monuments in Pattadakal designated under UNESCO World HeritageList, in 1987, cover a remarkable series ofnine Hindu temples, as well as a Jain sanctuary. In this group of temples, the VirupakshaTemple, built in c. 740 by Queen Lokamahadevito commemorate her husbands victory over thekings from the south, is considered the mostoutstanding architectural edifice (This isdifferent from the VirupakshaTemple at Hampi.) These are a remarkable combination of templesbuilt during the Chalukya Dynasty in the 6thcentury at Aihole, Badami and Pattadakal, thelatter city was known as the "Crown Rubies,"which was also for a short period the capital cityof the Chalukya Kingdom when the Pallavas hadoccupied Badami in the 7th century. The temples represent a remarkable fusion ofthe architectural features of northern andsouthern India. Pattadakal is also considered as the Hindu holycity with eight temples dedicated to Shiva witha shaivite sanctuary; Papanatha Temple and Jaina Temple are alsowithin this complexRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 10

11. Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, located 45 kilometres (28 mi)from Bhopal are a group of Buddhistmonuments dated between 200 BCand 100BC. The site, however, has beenconjectured to have been developedin the 3rd century BC, when EmperorAshoka of the Mauryan Empire ruled. The principal monument is Stupa 1dated to the 2nd century and 1stcentury BC. These Buddhist sanctuaries wereactive Buddhist religious monuments,which flourished till 12th century AD. The sanctuary has a plethora ofmonolithic pillars, palaces, templesand monasteries in different status ofpreservation. by UNESCO on January 24, 1989 for itsunique cultural importance. It was discovered only in 1818 in adeserted state of preservation. Archaeological excavationsundertaken thereafter revelled 50unique monuments.Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka the site complex a magnificent repositoryof rock paintings within natural rock shelters foothills of the Vindhya range of hills It is spread in sandstone formationsextending over an area of 1893 ha with abuffer zone 10,280 hectares (25,400 acres). The rock shelters, discovered only in1957, comprise a group of five clusters ofrock shelters with paintings that are inferredto date from the Mesolithic period rightthrough to the Historical period, with the 21villages surrounding them reflecting thetraditions displayed in the rock paintings. The unique rock art has been discovered in400 painted shelters spread over an area of1,892 ha amidst dense forest with highdiversity of flora and fauna, with one of theshelters dated from 100,000 BC(Late Acheulian) to 1000 AD. by UNESCO in 2003 as a unique culturalproperty representing a convergencedisplayed in the art form between the peopleand the landscape with links to the huntinggathering economy of the past.Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 11

12. Khajuraho Group of Monuments Chandela dynasty of Rajput descentreached its glory between 950 AD and1050 AD. The ensemble of monuments that havesurvived belong tothe Hindu and Jain Religious practiceswith striking fusion of sculpture andarchitecture; the best example of this outstandingfeature is seen in the Kandariya Temple. Of the 85 temples built, only 22 templeshave survived in an area of 6sqkm,which represents the Chandela periodof the 10th century. by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, acultural property on October 15, 1982for its unique original artistic creationand proof of the Chandela Culture thatexisted prior to the Muslim invasion ofIndia in the early 12th century.Ajanta Caves are Buddhist caves that were built in twophases, the first phase was from 2ndcentury BC. In the second phase, further additionswere made during the 5th and 6thcenturies AD of the Gupta period. The caves depict richly decoratedpaintings, frescoes, which arereminiscent of the Sigiriya paintingsin Sri Lanka and sculptures. As a whole, there are 31 rock-cut cavemonuments which are uniquerepresentations of the religious art ofBuddhism. Ellora Caves also known as ElloraComplex are a cultural mix of religiousarts of Buddhism,Hinduism and Jainism. These are 34 monasteries and templessculpted contiguously into rock walls of ahigh basalt cliff, which are seen along alength of 2 kilometres (1.2 mi). Dated to 600 to 1000 AD, they are areflection of artistic creation of theancient civilization of India.Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 12

13. The Elephanta Caves are a network of sculpted caves locatedon Elephanta Island, or Gharapuri(literally "the city of caves") in MumbaiHarbour, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to theeast of the city of Mumbai. The island, located on an arm ofthe Arabian Sea, consists of two groupsof caves the first is a large group offive Hindu caves, the second, a smallergroup of two Buddhist caves. The Hindu caves contain rock cut stonesculptures, representing the ShaivaHindu sect, dedicated to the god Shiva. The rock-cut architecture of the caves isdated to between the 5th and 8thcenturies, although the identity of theoriginal builders is still a subject ofdebate. The caves are hewn from solid basaltrock. Renovated in the 1970s, the caves weredesignated an UNESCO World HeritageSite in 1987 to preserve the artworkChhatrapati Shivaji Terminus headquarters of the Central Railways. It is one of the busiest. The station was designed by FrederickWilliam Stevens, a consulting architectin 18871888. It took ten years to complete and wasnamed "Victoria Terminus" in honour ofthe Queen and Empress Victoria; it was opened on the date of herGolden Jubilee in 1887. This famous architectural landmarkin Gothic style was built as theheadquarters of the Great IndianPeninsular Railway. In 1996, in response to demands bythe Shiv Sena and in keeping with thepolicy of renaming locations with Indiannames, the station was renamed by thestate government after ChatrapatiShivaji, the famed 17thcentury Maratha king. On 2 July 2004, by the World HeritageCommittee ofUNESCO.Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 13

14. Konark Sun Temple is a 13th-century Sun Temple(also known as the "BlackPagoda"), atKonark. Located on the east coast ofthe Bay of Bengal inthe Mahanadi Delta, it is built inthe form ofthe chariot of Surya (Arka), thesun god with 24 wheels, and isheavily decorated with symbolicstone carvings and led by a teamof six horses. It was constructed fromoxidizing weatheredferruginous sandstone byKing Narasimhadeva I ofthe Eastern Ganga Dynasty. World Heritage Site inscribed in1984 as cultural property undercategories (i), (iii) and (vi)Keoladeo National Park in Bharatpur is located within the Indus-Ganges Monsoon Forest Biogeographical Province. It extends over an area of 2,783 hectares (6,880acres). It was declared a national park in 1982. Earlier to this, in 1900, it was a duck-huntingreserve of the Maharajasof Bharatpur, thenbecame a bird sanctuary in 1956, with theMaharajas exercising shooting rights till 1972, andwas recorded as a Ramsar Wetland site, in 1981. in the UNESCO List in 1985 under category (x), as anatural property. The area of the wetland of the park shrinks to1,000 hectares (2,500 acres) during most part ofthe year. It has a human-built environment created partly byembankments dividing the area into 10 units, andhas sluice controlled arrangement to maintain thewater level. It is famous for 364 species of wintering birds thatflock in large numbers, arriving from distantcountriesof Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, China and Siberia. Itis surrounded by 17 villages and the Bharatpur cityRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 14

15. Jantar Mantar in Jaipur is a collection of architecturalastronomical instruments, built byMaharaja (King) Jai Singh II at his thennew capital of Jaipur between 1727 and1734. It is modelled after the one that he hadbuilt at the Mughal capital of Delhi. He had constructed a total of five suchfacilities at different locations, includingthe ones at Delhi and Jaipur. The Jaipur observatory is the largestand best preserved of these and has aset of some 20 main fixed instrumentsbuilt in masonry. It has been inscribed as culturalproperty on the UNESCO WorldHeritage List as "an expression of theastronomical skills and cosmologicalconcepts of the court of a scholarlyprince at the end of the Mughal periodGreat Living Chola Temples built by kings of the Chola Empire three great temples of 11th and 12thcentury namely, the Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur, the Brihadisvara Temple atGangaikondacholisvaram and the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram. The Temple ofGangaikondacholisvaram, built byRajendra I, was completed in 1035. Its 53 metres (174 ft) vimana (sanctumtower) has recessed corners and agraceful upward curvingmovement, contrasting with the straightand severe tower at Thanjavur. The Airavatesvara temple complex, builtby Rajaraja II, at Darasuram features a 24metres (79 ft) vimana and a stone imageof Shiva. The temples testify to the brilliantachievements of the Chola inarchitecture, sculpture, painting andbronze casting. The site was inscribed under UNESCOWorld Heritage List in 2004 as Culturalheritage under criteria (ii) and (iiiRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 15

16. Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram about 58 km from Chennai, were builtby the Pallava kings in the 7th and 8thcenturies. The town is said to have gainedprominence under the ruleof Mamalla. These monuments have been carvedout of rock along the Coromandelcoast. The temple town has approximatelyforty monuments, including thelargest open-air bas-relief in theworld. It was inscribed under the UNESCOWorld Heritage list in 1984 as acultural heritage under categories(i)(ii)(iii)(vi). The monuments inscribed arethe Ratha Temples: Temples in theform of chariots, Mandapas, 11 Cavesanctuaries covered with bas-reliefs,rock relief of Descent of the Ganges,which is the largest open air Rockrelief also known as ArjunasPenance or Bhagirathas PenanceAgra Fort, also known as the Red Fort of Agra, whichrepresented Mughal opulence and power asthe centre piece of their empire, List in 1982,under Category iii as a cultural monument. The fortress located on the right bank of theYamuna River, built in red sandstone, coveringa length of 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) andsurrounded by a moat, encloses severalpalaces, towers and mosques. These were built from 16th century onwardstill early 18th century, starting with EmperorAkbars reign in the 16th century to thatof Aurangzeb in the early part of the 18thcentury, including the contributions madeduring the reign of Jahangir and Shahjahan ofthe Moghul Rule in India; the impressive structures built within theprecincts of the fort are the Khas Mahal, theShish Mahal, Muhamman Burje (an octagonaltower), Diwan-i-Khas (1637), Diwan-i-Am,white marble mosque or the Pearl Mosque(built during 16461653) and the NaginaMasjid (16581707). These monuments are remarkable for thefusion of Persian art of the Timurid and theIndian art form. It is very close to thefamous Taj Mahal with a buffer zoneseparating the two monumentsRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 16

17. Fatehpur Sikri "the City of Victory," was built during the second half of the 16th century bythe Mughal Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). It was the capital of the Empire and seat of the grand Mughal court, but onlyfor 14 years. Despite bearing exceptional testimony to the Mughal civilization at the end ofthe 16th century, it had to be abandoned due to the twin reasons of lack ofwater and unrest in north-west India, leading the Emperor to shift the capitalto Lahore. Akbar decided to construct it in 1571, on the same site where the birth of hisson, the future Emperor Jahangir, was predicted by the wise saintShaikh Salim Chisti(1480-1572). The work, supervised by the great Mughal himself, was completed in 1573. The complex of monuments and temples, all uniformly in Mughalarchitectural style, includes one of the largest mosques in India, the JamaMasjid, the Buland Darwaza, the Panch Mahal, and the Tomb of Salim Chishti. The English traveller Ralph Fitch considered the city in 1585 as considerablylarger than London and more populous. Its form and layout strongly influenced the evolution of Indian townplanning, notably at Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi).Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 17

18. Taj Mahal one of the Seven Wonders of the World is a mausoleum a funerary mosque. It was built by Emperor Shahjahan in memory of his third wifeBegum Mumtaz Mahal who had died in 1631. It is a large edifice made in white marble in typical Mughal architecture, astyle that combines elements from Persian, Islamic and Indianarchitectural styles. This much acclaimed masterpiece was built over a 16 year period between1631 and 1648 under the Chief Architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri supportedby several thousand artisans under the guidance of an Imperial Committee. It was inscribed in the UNESCO in 1983, under Category i, as a culturalproperty/monument. It is set amidst vast Mughal Gardens, which cover 17 hectares (42 acres) ofland on the right bank of the Yamuna River. It has an octagonal layout marked by four exclusive minarets at four cornerswith a pristine elevation of a central bulbous dome below which the tombsare laid in an underground chamber. Calligraphic inscriptions in-crusted in polychromatic pierra dura, decorativebands and floral arabesques glorify the monuments graphic beauty andprovide a picture perfect impression to the viewersRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 18

19. Mountain Railways of India Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Nilgiri Mountain Railway Kalka-Shimla Railway However, the Mountain Railways of India are five railway lines built in the mountainsof India in the 19th and early 20th century, during the British Raj, which are run even todayby the Indian Railways. Three out of these five railways, Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (1881), Kalka-Shimla Railway (1898) Kangra Valley Railway (1924),are located in the rugged hill regions of the Himalayas of Northern India the other two are much further south in the Western Ghats Nilgiri Mountain Railway in Southern India, Matheran Hill Railway in Maharashtra. The World Heritage UNESCO recognition to three of the five Mountain Railways of India hasbeen stated as for being "outstanding examples of bold, ingenious engineering solutions forthe problem of establishing an effective rail link through a rugged, mountainous terrain. The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway was recognized first in 1999, the Nilgiri Mountain Railwayfollowed suite as an extension to the site in 2005, and in 2008 the KalkaShimla Railway wasfurther added as an extension; and the three together have been titled as MountainRailways of India under Criteria: ii, iv under the region in the Asia-Pacific. The claims of the Matheran Hill Railway, the fourth hill line, are pending acceptance by theinternational bodyRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 19

20. Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks in West Himalaya. Valley of Flowers National Park is renowned for its meadows ofendemic alpine flowers and outstanding natural beauty. It islocated in the Garhwal Himalaya of ChamolDistrict of Uttaranchal, This richly diverse area is also home to rareand endangered animals, including the Asiatic black bear, snowleopard, brown bear and blue sheep. gentle landscape of theValley of Flowers rugged mountain wilderness of Nanda Devi National Parka uniquetransition zone between the mountain ranges ofthe Zanskar and Great Himalaya. The park stretches over an expanse of 87.5 km2 (33.8 sq mi). It wasestablished as a national park on 6 November 1982. However, it was initially established as a game sanctuary on 7January 1939. under the UNESCO List in 1988 with extension in 2005 undercategory (vii) and (x). Together, they comprise the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, is onthe UNESCO since 2004Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 20

21. Sundarbans National Park the largest estuarine mangrove forest in the world is a National Park, Tiger Reserve, and a Biosphere Reserve located inthe Sundarbans Ganges river delta bordering the Bay of Bengal. It is also on the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves. The Sundarbans as a whole encompasses 10,000 km2 (3,900 sq mi) of land andwater, about 5,980 km2 (2,310 sq mi) in India and the balance is in Bangladesh. It is integral to the worlds largest delta of 80,000 km2formed from sedimentsdeposited by the three great rivers, the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Meghna,which confluence in the Bengal Basin. The entire basin is traversed by a complex network of interconnecting waterways. Tidal waves as high 75 m are a regular feature here. Though, the history of protection in the area of Indian part of the Sundarbans datesback to 1878, it was declared as the core area of Sundarbans Tiger Reserve in 1973and a wildlife sanctuary in 1977 of 133,000-hectare core area within the 258,500hectares (639,000 acres) Sundarbans Tiger Reserve. On May 4, 1984 it was declared a National Park. It was inscribed onthe UNESCO list in 1987 as a natural property under category (ix) and (x). This region is densely covered by mangrove forests, and is one of the largestreserves for the Bengal tiger. It is also home to a variety of bird, reptile andinvertebrate species, including the salt-water crocodileRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 21

22. Tentative list of World Heritage Sites Temples at Bishnupur, West Bengal is famous forits terracotta temples and the balucheri sarees.(1998) Buddhist Monastery Complex, Alchi, Leh, is also known as"Alchi Chos-kor." (1998) Golconda Fort, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh (1998) Dholavira: a Harappan City in Gujarat, Kachchh district, isone of the largest and most prominent archaeological sitesin India, belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization. (1998) Rani ki vav (The Queens Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat, is afamous stepwell. (1998) Mattancherry Palace, also known asthe Dutch Palace, in Mattancherry, Kochi, Kerala featuresKerala murals depicting Hindu temple art, portraits andexhibits of the Rajas of Kochi. (1998)Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 22

23. Tomb of Sher Shah Suri, Sasaram, Bihar, was built inmemory of Afghan Emperor Sher Shah Suri who ruledDelhi in Northern India for five years, afterdefeatingHumayun, the 2nd Mughal Emperor. (1998) Mandu, Madhya Pradesh Group of Monuments are inthe fortress town on a rocky outcrop about 100 km(62 mi) from Indore, and are celebrated for their finearchitecture.(1998) Ancient Buddhist Site in Sarnath, Varanasi, UttarPradesh where Gautama Buddha first taughtthe Dharma, and where the Buddhist Sangha came intoexistence through the enlightenment of Kondanna.(1998) Hemis Gompa, a Tibetan Buddhist monastery ofthe Drukpa Lineage, is located in Hemis, Ladakh, 45 kmfrom Leh. (1998)Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 23

24. Sri Harimandir Sahib (The "Golden Temple")in Amritsar, Punjab, is the holiest shrine in Sikhism.(2004) River Island of Majuli in midstream ofthe Brahmaputra River in Assam. (2004) The Matheran Light Railway, is an extension tothe Mountain Railways of India) (2005) Western Ghats, also known as the Sahyadri Mountains,a mountain range along the western side of India andone of the worlds ten "Hottest biodiversity hotspots"(sub cluster nomination). (2006) Namdapha National Park, the largest protected area inthe Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot is locatedin Arunachal Pradesh in Northeast India. (2006)Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 24

25. Wild Ass Sanctuary, largest wildlife sanctuary in India isknown for the endangered wild ass sub-species of IndianWild Ass in Little Rann of Kutch. (2006) Kangchendzonga National Park, a national park and aBiosphere reserve is located in North Sikkim district.(2006) Urban and Architectural Work of Le Corbusier inChandigarh, is home to numerous architectural projectsof Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Matthew NowickiandAlbert Mayer. (2006) The Kangra Valley Railway Extension to the MountainRailways of India (2009) Churchgate, a Churchgate station, is a terminus ofWestern Railway line of Mumbai suburban railway.Extension to Mumbai CST (2009)Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 25

26. The Maharaja Railways of India comprises several railway linesthat were maintained in the past by the erstwhile Maharajas ofIndia during the British rule. (2009) Oak Grove School, the school was started by the British EastIndia Company on June 1, 1888, predominantly caters to thechildren of Indian Railways employees. (2009) Excavated Remains at Nalanda, an ancient center of higherlearning, is one of the worlds first residential universities with anumber of ruined structures in Bihar. (2009) Great Himalayan National Park is the latest addition to Indiasnational parks, located in Kullu region in the state of HimachalPradesh. (2009) Bhitarkanika Conservation Area a mangrove wetland in Orissa(2009) Neora Valley National Park one of the richest biological zones inthe entire Northeast situated in the Kalimpong subdivisionunder Darjeeling District in West Bengal (2009)Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 26

27. Desert National Park, an example of the ecosystem ofthe Thar Desert (2009) Silk Road Sites in India, is part of the extensiveinterconnected network of trade routes across the Asiancontinent connecting East, South, and Western Asia withthe Mediterranean world, as well as North andNortheast Africa and Europe. (2010) Santiniketan made famous by NobelLaureate Rabindranath Tagore, whose vision became thepresent university town Visva-Bharati University. (2010) Delhi, Indias historic national Capital- nominatedfor World Heritage City status. (2011) Ahmedabad, the historic and most important city of thestate of Gujarat in India- nominated for World HeritageCity status. (2011)Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 27

28. Valleys The valleys of India, lapped by themighty Himalayas, constitute a greatwonderland for tourists across the worldseeking a dose of adventurous sports.These valleys having low density, snowcapped peaks and pervading Monasteryand Temples make together an amazinglocations to be hankered. Some of themost important valleys in India includeSpiti Valley, Kangra Valley, ChambaValley, Damodar Valley and Sutlej Valleywhich are pervaded in differentgeographical locations of the country. Allof these valleys, forming wonderfulnatural beauty of India, appeal largenumber of fun loving and adventureseeking people, and captivate them withtheir innate natural beauty. Dachigam Srinagar Pin valley spiti region of himachalPradeshBhakra Nangal Valley Located across the river Sutlej, BhakraNangal Dam is the worlds higheststraight gravity dam. The Dam isconstructed at the height of 226 metersand is 90 km long. The total areacovered by the Bhakra Dam is about168 sq km, of which 90% is the part ofBilaspur and 10% of the area belongs tothe Una district.Damodar Valley Damodar River flows in the northeastern part of India, in the state ofBihar. In the upper valley area Damodaris dominated with the major economicactivities. Damodar Valley is the highlydeveloped industrial area. The valley isdotted with more than 400 industrialunits. It is the treasure house of Indiancoal.Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 28

29. Sutlej Valley Longest of five rivers in Punjab, Sutlej rises onthe southern slopes of the holiest Kailashmountains, near the Mansarovar lake. The scenicbeauty of the Valley provides the excellentopportunity to indulge in the eco travel. Thevalley is quite popular among the trekkers,rafters and Kayekers. Apart from the adventureactivities the valley is popular birding site.Tons Valley Situated in the Himalayan state of Uttaranchal,near Himachal Pradesh, Tons Valley, is one of themost charming and scenic places in India. Snowcovered peaks, glittering rivers and picturesquehills all add to the tourists attractions of the TonsValley. Along with the pristine Tons river thevalley is enthralling destination for the adventureenthusiast.Nagarjunasagar Valley Nagarjunasagar Valley is one of the biggest andmost important center of the Buddhistsettlement in the southern India. The mostfamous attractions of the valley is the Nagarjunasagar Dam is constructed on the river Krishna. Itis considered as the biggest Dam in Asia. Theideal time to visit the valley lies between themonth of October to February.Kangra Valley Located in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh,Kangra Valley is the the most pleasant andrelaxing destination in the Himalayas. The valleyis cladded with the numerous of sightseeingplaces such as Brajeshwari Temple andChintpurni, which makes it a perfect holidaydestination. Kangra Valley is is also the ideallocation for the adventure sports.Chamba Valley Located amidst the Shivalik ranges, ChambaValley is one of the most loveliest valleys inHimachal Pradesh. The valley is quite famous forits temples and the architectural beauty. The Ushaped valley also provides the excitingopportunity for rock climbing, trekking,mountaineering and kayaking.Doon Valley Known as the Hanging Valley of Gods, DoonValley lies between the two sacred rivers ofIndia Ganga and Yamuna. The lush greengrassy land and the dense forests of Chestnuts,walnuts, willows and chinars makes it an ideallocation for the nature lovers. The valley is thetrekking paradise.Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 29

30. Suru Valley Located in far west of Ladakh in the Jammu andKashmire region of India, Suru Valley, is one of themost fascinating holiday destination. It is like the longmagical land with the abundance of wildflowers, snow clad peaks and rocky mountains.Sankoo, Rangdum, and Panikhar are the most famousattractions of the Suru Valley.Spiti Valley The beautiful valley of Spiti originates from the 16,000feet high Kunzum range. Spiti is popularly called as theland of lamas. The Valley is dotted with the numerousBuddhist Monasteries. Apart from the sightseeingplaces, the valley holds the spectacular wildlife andenthralling adventure activities.Valley of Flowers The popular Valley of Flowers nestled in Uttrakhand isa famous national park and which is at its best whenthe flowers bloom.Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 30

31. Caves India provides the impressive range of caveslocated through out the country. The cavesin India provides most amazing and unusualexperience, which hardly fails to impressthe visitors. Dating back to thousands yearsold, Caves in India are epitome ofarchitectural masterpiece. Putting its charmalive despite being so old anddelapidated, these caves with its uniquearchitectural beauty have become worldfamous tourists center to be visited byvisitors from all over. Caving in India is anadventure into the pre-historic times, whichshould not be missed on the tour to India.Some of the caves that have got bigrecognition world wide areAjanta, Ellora, Elephanta, Amarnath, Udaigiri, Patal Bhuvaneshwar and Aurangabadcaves. Belum caves, KurnoolAjanta and Ellora Caves The caves of Ajanta and Ellora lies in the district ofAurangabad in the state of Maharashtra. There aretotal of 29 caves in Ajanta and 34 caves in Ellora.These rock cut caves of Ajanta and Ellora are thearchitectural marvel that also finds place in WorldHeritage list.Badami Caves Badami Caves are located near the red sandstoneridge in the northern part of the Karnataka in India.There are total of four caves that were built duringthe regime of the Chalukya Empire around the 6thcentury. The best time to visit these caves liesbetween the month of October to February.Bhimbetka Caves Beautifully surrounded by the forests of Sal andteak, Bhimbetka Caves are located in the state ofMadhya Pradesh. The local inhabitants around theBhimbetka caves have the deep religious thoughtsattached to it. The name Bhimbetka caves is on thename of Bhima, the hero of great Hindu epic calledMahabharata.Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 31

32. Borra Caves Borra caves are the natural caves, thatare said to have originated from theGosthani river, which flows throughthese caves. The caves are said to bemore than 150 years old. They werediscovered by the British geologistWilliam King Gorge in the year1807.VizagElephanta Caves The Elephanta caves are located on thesmall Elephanta Island in the ArabianSea, 10 km from the gateway of India.Listed in the UNESCO World HeritageSite, Elephanta caves are thearchitecturally rich.Khandagiri Caves The caves of Khandagiri are located atthe height of the 118 feet, at thedistance of six kilometers fromBhubaneshwar. It houses the total of 15caves. The cave remains open from 8am to 6 pm. The best time to visit thesecaves is after the month of March.Nellitheertha Cave Nellitheertha Cave is located inNellitheertha, in the state of Karnatakain India. The cave of Nellitheertha isabout 200 meters long, which dates backto year 1487. It is one of the holydestination in the state ofKarnataka, visited by hundred of touristsevery year.Pataleshwar Cave Temple Pataleshwar cave temple was carved outin the 8th century. The Pataleshwar cavetemple was dedicated to the LordPataleshwar (God of Underworld). Themost striking feature are cave temple isthe unique sound of the bells. PunemaharashtraUndavalli Caves The four stories of the Undavalli Cavesare said to be found in the 7th century.They are associated with theVishnukundin Kings of AD 420 620.These exotic caves of Undavalli werededicated to the Anantapadmanabhaand Narisimhaswami, Guntur APRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 32

33. Lakes The diverse geographical structure and hugeriver line forms numerous lakes in the country.Though, some of them are artificial, but theysurpass many of natural lakes in their purity andbeauty. In short, the tranquil and pristine lakesof India conceal a great charm in their tenderarms. Almost every region of the country isdwelt by several of lakes that add great charmto their natural characteristics. Rajasthan andHimachal Pradesh, North-Western state andNorthern state of India, respectively, areundoubtedly in possession of larger number oflakes than anywhere else in the country. Dhebarlake, Nakki lake, Pushkar lake, Chandra Tal, SurajTal, Dal Lake are some of the most importantlakes that lies in these regions.Even moving towards South, one will haveabundant of opportunity to encounter manypopular lakes like Husain Sagar, Vembanad lake,Chembarambakkam and Sashthamkotta. Thehundreds of lakes lying in the rich naturalsurroundings all over the country attract largenumber of tourists, and have become hot picnicspots. Chandra Tal Lake is situated at a height of 4300m and 6 kms away from the Kunzum Pass inSpiti and Lahaul district of Himachal PradeshIndia.Dal Lake Located in the Kangra district in HimachalPradesh, Dal Lake is the is the nature gift to themankind. Undoubtly it is one of the mostbeautiful lake in India. The lake is divided intothe major three parts known as Gagri bal, LokutDal and Bod Dal. Dotted with numerous MughalGardens and orchards, it si the most soughtafter destination in India.Bhimtal Lake Located 22 km from Nainital, Bhimtal Lake, isnamed after the second pandava called Bhimaof the famous epic Mahabharata. It is one of thelargest lakes in the Nainital and the secondlargest lake in Kumaoun. The lake provides theexcellent opportunity for boating, fishing andangling i its water.Roopkund Lake Roopkund Lake lies in the Chamoli district ofUttranchal at the height of 5029 meter. The lakeprovides the stunning view of the Trishul peak(7122 meter). Due to it less depth it also knownas the shallow Lake. The mystery behind theRoopkund Lake has now been solved. The besttime to visit the lake lies between December toApril.Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 33

34. Vembanad Lake Vembanad Lake lies in Kumarakom, 15 kms awayfrom the Kottayam district of Kerala. It is thelargest fresh water lake in Asia. Vembanad Lakesupports the large variety of flora and fauna.Kottayam is the vast network of several riversand canals, which drains water into the largeexpanse of water known as the Vembanad Lake.Pushkar Lake Pushkar is an artificial lake located in the state ofRajasthan in India. It is situated near the Pushkartown in the district of Ajmer. The lake wasconstructed in the 12th century with theestabishment of the dam across the headwatersof the Luni river. The pious Pushkar Lake isregarded as the sacred lake among the Hindus inIndia.Osman Sagar Lake Popularly known as the Gandipet, Osman SagarLake is the man made lake created by the damacross the Isa, a tributary of the river Musi. It isthe main source of water supply to the twincities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad. The idealtime to visit the lake is after the monsoons. Awayfrom the city the lake provides the charmingatmosphere to the tourists.Chilka Lake The pristine Chilka lake is situated on the eastcoast of Orissa India. It is largest brakish saltwater lagoon in Asia. Chilka Lake is the populardestination for the Eco tourism. The lakereceives direct water supply from the Mahanadiriver. The lake holds the rich flora and fauna andis the famous birding site in India.Hussain Sagar Lake Hussian Sagar Lake is an artificial lake, which islocated in the Indian State of Hyderabad. Themajor attraction of the Lake is a, 16 meter tall,350 tonne monolithic statue of Buddha, that liesin the middle of the lake, on the rock ofGibraltar. The lake connects the two traditionalcities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad, they arepopularly known as the twin cities.Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 34

35. Wular Lake (also spelt Wullar), Indias largest fresh water lake is locatedin Bandipore district in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is also one of thelargest freshwater lakes in Asia. The lake basin was formed as a resultof tectonic activity and is fed by the Jhelum River. The lakes size varies from 12 to 100square miles (30 to 260 square kilometers), depending on the season. Boating, watersports and water ski have recently been launched by the Government of India Tourismin collaboration with Kerala Tourism and J&K Tourism. The contract for the operation ofthe site was awarded in September 2011.Kolleru Lake is a large freshwater lake located in Andhra Pradesh state, India. Kolleru islocated between Krishna and Godavari delta. Kolleru spans into two districts - Krishnaand West Godavari. The lake serves as a natural flood-balancing reservoir for these tworivers. The lake is fed directly by water from the seasonal Budameru and Tammilerustreams, and is connected to the Krishna and Godavari systems by over 68 inflowingdrains and channels. The lake was an important habitat for an estimated 20 millionresident and migratory birds, including the Grey or Spot-billed Pelican . The lake wasnotified as a wildlife sanctuary in November 1999 under Indias Wildlife Protection Actof 1972, and designated a wetland of international importance in November 2002under the internationalRamsar Convention. The wildlife sanctuary covers an area of308 km.Pulicat Lake is the second largest brackish water lake or lagoon in India. It straddles theborder of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu states on theCoromandal Coast in SouthIndia. The lake encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary. The barrierisland of Sriharikota separates the lake from the Bay of Bengal. The island is home tothe Satish Dhawan Space Centre.Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 35

37. South Indian DynastiesRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 37Dynasty ContributionCholas Great living chola TemplesPallavas The Rock Cut TemplesPandyas Madurai TempleSatavahanas Amaravati, ElloraWestern Ganga Dynasty Shravana BelagolaChalukyas Pattadakkal, BadamiHoyasalas HalebiduKakatiyas Ramappa templeRashtrakutas Kailashnatha TempleVijayanagara Virupaksha, Hampi

38. Books & AuthorsRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 38

42. Tourism organizationsRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 42Organization Year LocationASTA 1931 AmericaIATA 1945 MontrealICAO 1947 MontrealIUOTO 1947 LondonWATA 1949 (May 5) GenevaPATA 1951(Honolulu) San FranciscoTAAI 1951 New DelhiFHRAI 1955 New DelhiITDC 1966 New DelhiUFTAA 1966(Rome) BrusselsWTO 1974 MadridIATO 1982 New Delhi

43. Tourism CompaniesRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 43Company Founder Year LocationThomas Cook Thomas Cook 1841 Leicester, EnglandAmerican express Henry Wells 1850 New YorkCox & Kings Richard Cox 1758 LondonKuoni Alfred Kuoni 1906 Zurich, SwissSotc 5 members 1949, Mumbai

44. Famous 50 attractions of the worldRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 44Attraction locationTimes Square New York City, NY, USANational Mall & Memorial Parks Washington, D.C., USADisney Worlds Magic Kingdom Lake Buena Vista, FL, USATrafalgar Square London, England, UKDisneyland Park Anaheim, CA, USANiagara Falls Ontario, Canada & New York State, USAFishermans Wharf / Golden Gate National RecreationAreaSan Francisco, CA, USATokyo Disneyland/DisneySea Tokyo, JapanNotre Dame de Paris Paris, FranceDisneyland Paris Marne-La-Vallee, FranceGreat Wall of China Badaling area, ChinaGreat Smoky Mountain National Park Tennessee/North Carolina, USAUniversal Studios Japan Osaka, JapanBasilique du Sacre-Coeur de Montmartre Paris, FranceMusee du Louvre Paris, France

45. Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 45Attraction LocationEverland Kyonggi-Do, South KoreaThe Forbidden City/Tienanmen Square Beijing, ChinaEiffel Tower Paris, FranceUniversal Studios/Islands of Adventure Orlando, FL, USASea World Florida Orlando, FL, USAPleasure Beach Blackpool, England, UKLotte World Seoul, South KoreaYokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise JapanHong Kong Disneyland Hong Kong, ChinaCentre Pompidou Paris, FranceTate Modern London, England, UKBritish Museum London, England, UKUniversal Studios Los Angeles, CA, USANational Gallery London, England, UKMetropolitan Museum New York, NY, USAGrand Canyon National Park Arizona, USATivoli Gardens Copenhagen, Denmark

46. Rtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 46Attraction LocationOcean Park Hong Kong, ChinaBusch Gardens Tampa Bay, FL, USASea World California San Diego, CA, USAStatue of Liberty New York, NY, USAThe Vatican (Vatican Square) Vatican City (surrounded by Rome, Italy)Sydney Opera House Sydney, AustraliaThe Coliseum Rome, ItalyAmerican Museum of Natural History New York, NY, USAGraumans Chinese Theater Hollywood (Los Angeles), CA, USAEmpire State Building New York, NY, USANatural History Museum London, England, UKThe London Eye London, England, UKPalace of Versailles FranceYosemite National Park California, USAPyramids of Giza EgyptPompeii ItalyHermitage Museum St. Petersburg, RussiaTaj Mahal Agra, India

51. 7 Wonders of the worldRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 51Attraction LocationChichen Itza Yucatn, MexicoChrist the Redeemer Rio de Janeiro, BrazilColosseum Rome, ItalyGreat Wall of China Beijing, ChinaMachu Picchu Cuzco Region, PeruPetra Maan Governorate, JordanTaj Mahal Agra, India

52. Natural attractions of the worldRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 52Attraction & LocationThe Grand Canyon, Arizona, USACappadocia, Nev sehir Province, TurkeyGiants Causeway, Northern Ireland, United KingdomSequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California, USAMount Everest and the Himalayas on the Nepal Tibet BorderThe Great Barrier Reef, Queensland , AustraliaNiagara FallsVictoria Falls, between Zambia and ZimbabweIguazu Falls between Argentina and BrazilUluru, Northern Territory , AustraliaCarlsbad Caverns, New Mexico, USAGeirangerfjord, Norwegian Fjords, Western Norway

53. oRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 53

65. Thank you..Ramakrisna KongallaRtist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 65

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