tourism africa 2006 geneva-palexpo 12-09-06 what can tourism do for entrepreneurship ? setting the...
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TOURISM AFRICA 2006 TOURISM AFRICA 2006 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06
What can tourism do for entrepreneurship ?
SETTING THE SCENESETTING THE SCENE
TOURISM AFRICA 2006 TOURISM AFRICA 2006 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06
I.C.TService-oriented industry
International
Heterogeneous Intangibility
Perishable
Tourism
Tourism is also information:
SETTING THE SCENESETTING THE SCENE
TOURISM AFRICA 2006 TOURISM AFRICA 2006 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06
SETTING THE SCENESETTING THE SCENE
Tourism is mainly an opportunity for development
The world’s ‘The world’s ‘largest industry’largest industry’ , a , a pillarpillar of economic of economic sustainable development (Foreign currency, sustainable development (Foreign currency, employment) specially for employment) specially for LDCsLDCs
One of the few possible and One of the few possible and sustainablesustainable means of means of economic diversificationeconomic diversification and and source of wealth for the source of wealth for the LDCsLDCs
A crucial role to playA crucial role to play in rising people above the in rising people above the poverty thresholdpoverty threshold
However …However … UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITSUNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS
TOURISM AFRICA 2006 TOURISM AFRICA 2006 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06
Minimizing leakages and Minimizing leakages and maximizing the linkagesmaximizing the linkages encourage the encourage the development and participationdevelopment and participation of of local SMEs. local SMEs.
• Increased participationIncreased participation through ICT networks. through ICT networks.
Bridging the digital divide brings Bridging the digital divide brings additional freedom additional freedom and greater autonomyand greater autonomy to destinations , assisting to destinations , assisting them to reorganize them to reorganize theirtheir market..A tremendous opportunityA tremendous opportunity: enormous impact normous impact of ICTs in of ICTs in market structure, market structure, business business
environment environment and and consumer behavior.consumer behavior.
Tourism is product information (i.c.t) and
opportunity Service-oriented International
Heterogeneous Intangibility
Perishable Tourism
ContextContext
TOURISM AFRICA 2006 TOURISM AFRICA 2006 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06
ICT for Tourism, Tourism for development, E-tourism for all
THE UNCTAD E-TOURISM INITIATIVE http://etourism.unctad.org
Impact of digital innovation on processesImpact of digital innovation on processesand organizational configurations in and organizational configurations in the tourism industrythe tourism industry
E-tourism:
Paving the ground to autonomy and success for developing destination
countries
Demand
Supply
TOURISM AFRICA 2006 TOURISM AFRICA 2006 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06
Shorter
Frequent
independent Customized
Thematic
Web
Last-minute
Zapping
DE
MA
ND
EM
AN
DD
on line on line
Explosion of connectivity Direct and differentiated
access to tourist (segmentation)
New competitors (e-mediaries) & new business models
Channel & price competition New products
SU
PPLY
SU
PPLY
ContextContext
TOURISM AFRICA 2006 TOURISM AFRICA 2006 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06
Shorter
Frequent
independent Customized
Thematic
Web
Last-minute
LDCs and developing countries still kept out of the competition or information windows
Zapping
SU
PPLY
SU
PPLY
DE
MA
ND
EM
AN
DD
AA BB
ContextContext
TOURISM AFRICA 2006 TOURISM AFRICA 2006 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06
Internal Leakages: import component, royalty payments.
External Leakages: control of inflows and outflows by vertically integrated operators.
Invisible Leakages: tax evasion, non-sustainable use of destination resources.
ContextContext
I.C.T
- leakages+ linkages
TOURISM AFRICA 2006 TOURISM AFRICA 2006 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06
To integrate developing countries into the competition and to empower them to respond to new demand
To lead ICT-driven innovation in tourism through the design and implementation of new e-business models contributing to minimize leakages and maximize linkages;
To promote new forms of sustainable cooperation and co-opetition schemes
To build on human capital for ICT development and diffusion
To develop a FOSS knowledge based destination management system
What is the UNCTAD E-tourism initiative What is the UNCTAD E-tourism initiative about ?about ?
TOURISM AFRICA 2006 TOURISM AFRICA 2006 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06
Demand
Supply
The UNCTAD replicable model The UNCTAD replicable model Strategy in actionStrategy in action
A marketA market
PartnershiPartnershipp
A methodA method
A toolA tool
TOURISM AFRICA 2006 TOURISM AFRICA 2006 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06 Geneva-Palexpo 12-09-06
www.unctad.orgetourism.unctad.or
g
More information ?More information ?