world trade organization, geneva, feb. 232-24, 2001 sectoral economic linkages and the tourism...
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World Trade Organization, Geneva, Feb. 232-24, 2001World Trade Organization, Geneva, Feb. 232-24, 2001
Sectoral Economic Sectoral Economic Linkages and the Linkages and the Tourism Satellite Tourism Satellite Account: The Canadian Account: The Canadian ExperienceExperiencePresented by:
Scott Meis
Outline
• Introduction- the Canadian TSA
• Rationale
• Key Concepts
• Key Economic Results
• Structural Findings and linkages
• Conclusions
Canadian Tourism Commission
CTC Created in 1995 & 2001
OBJECTIVES: • Market Canada as a destination “BRAND Canada”
• Provide accurate and timely information to aid decision making
Introduction :
Canadian Tourism Commission
•Lack aggregate summary•Lack view of industry•Lack credibility
•Lack indicators of
performance •Incomparable with economy•Incomparable with other sectors
•Incomparable with competitors
Rationale : Information Gaps
1992/93Inadequacy Of Data & Analysis
Canadian Tourism Commission
Rationale - User Requirements
Application Requirements
(NTFTD, 1986)
Application Requirements
(NTFTD, 1986)•Advocacy, planning and public
awareness;
•Marketing;
•Investment, operations and management;
•Manpower, education and training
Canadian Tourism Commission
• French concept of tourism satellite accounts, 1979 • Canadian Task Force feasibility study, 1985
• Canadian TSA recommendation, 1989• Ottawa Conference TSA guidelines, 1991
• WTO/UN recommendations,1993
• Canadian TSA release, 1994• WTO\OECD conceptual frameworks, 1996-1999• Other national projects, 1996-1999• Nice, 1999• UN-SC endorsement, March 1, 2000
History
Introduction 1979-2000
Canadian Tourism Commission
Tourism Satellite Account
• Integrates/interrelates dispersed phenomena
• Separate linked extension of SNA
• Unit of analysis - monetary values
• Set of detailed statistics measuring structure and scope of tourism outputs, expenditures and employment.
• Tourism specific summary of observations
• Comparable with total economy
• Comparable to other industries
Rationale: A New Statistical Instrument
Canadian Tourism Commission
Canadian Tourism Commission
Canadian TSA: extensions
• National Tourism Indicators
• Government revenue module
• Tourism Economic Impact Model
• Benchmark updates
Current Extensions
Tourism Commodities
• Tourism CommodityA product or service produced
mostly for tourism, eg., tours on steam trains.
• Non- tourism CommodityA product or service not specific to
or characteristics of tourism, eg., clothing, suntan lotion.
Key Concepts:
Canadian Tourism Commission
Tourism Industries
Tourism IndustryAny industry that serves visitors
directly and would cease to exist or whose level of activity would be substantially
reduced wiithout tourism, eg., hotels.
Key Concepts:
Canadian Tourism Commission
Commodity Class Tourism share ( % )
Key Concepts: Tourism Commodities
Passenger transportation services 93
Accommodation 92
Travel agency services 98
Recreation & Entertainment 24
Tourism Sector Commodities Excluded From W120
Other related services
Food and beverage services 21
Tourism Operator
Tourism Operator/BusinessAny tourism enterprise
or establishment within an empirically identified characteristic or specific tourism industry, eg., hotels.
Key Concepts : Tourism Business
Canadian Tourism Commission
Tourism Gross Domestic Product ( TGDP )
• Tourism specific GDP• Total value added by tourism and
non-tourism industries generated by provision of goods and services to visitors
• Total value at purchaser’s price minus costs and taxes
Key Concepts : Tourism GDP
Canadian Tourism Commission
Definition of Employment
• Persons employed, whether full-time or part-time.
• Count only employment due to tourism demand
• Includes both tourism and non-tourism industries
Key Concepts : Employment
Canadian Tourism Commission
Canada’s Overall Tourism Market Mix,
1999112.5 million tourist*
trips
Inbound TourismU.S.:15.3 million overnight tripsOverseas: 4.2 million overnight trips
Outbound tourism18.4 million overnight trips
Key Economic Results : Old Measures
Canadian Tourism Commission
Domestic tourism74.6 million overnight trips
*tourist = 1+nights
Canada’s Overall Tourism Market Mix,
1999112.5 million tourist*
tripsInternal Tourism (Dom+IB)94.1 million overnight trips
National Tourism (Dom+OB)93.0 million overnight trips
International Tourism(IB+OB)37.9 million overnight trips
Key Economic Results : Old Measures
Canadian Tourism Commission
*tourist = 1+nights
Reciepts and Payments on Canada’s Travel
Account($billions)
Balance $-1.7
Payments Spending by Cdns $15.1
Key Economic Results : Old Measures 1999
Canadian Tourism Commission
ReceiptsSpending by For Res’s $16.8
Reciepts and Payments on International Passenger Fares
($billions)
Balance $-1.0
Payments Spending by Cdns Res’s on For Carriers $3.7
Key Economic Results : Old Measures 1999
Canadian Tourism Commission
ReceiptsSpending by For Res’s on Can. Carriers $2.7
Industry Performance 1999
Industry Performance 1999
Key Results: New Measures
• Tourism spending $50.1
• Foreign spending $15.3
• Canadian spending $34.8
• Tourism GDP $20.3
• % of total GDP 2.5%
• % of services exports 30%
Canadian Tourism Commission
0.2
0.7
1.6
2.9
3.6
3.8
4.1
4.6
6.3
6.7
7
15.4
19.8
23.4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Fishing & Trapping
Logging& forestry
Agricultural & related services industries
TOURISM
Transportation & storage
Communication
Other utility industries
Mining, quarrying & oil well
Construction
Retail Trade
Wholesale trade
Community, business & personal services
Finance, insurance & real estate
Manufacturing
Business Sector Share of GDP by Industry
Key Results: Tourism: 11th largest industry in 1999
Canadian Tourism Commission
Composition of Tourism Demand in Canada
Food & beverage
16%
Other tourism commodities
10%
Other non-tourism commodities
20%
Transportation40%
Accommodation14%
Structural Linkages: Total Demand
Canadian Tourism Commission
Tourism GDP Share by Industry
Structural Linkages:Tourism GDP
Other transportation8%
Accommodation16%
Food & beverage23%
Other tourism services10%
Other Industries19%
Air transportation24%
Total Tourism GDP: $ 20.3 Billion (1999)Canadian Tourism Commission
Food and beverage service (92): 57 99.0
Recreation and entertainment (85,96): 19 99.0
Accommodation (91): 12 97.6
Transportation (45): 6 98.9Travel services (96): 5 99.5
Other 1 ---
Total Enterprises (1999) 159,000
* 1980 Standard Industrial Classification** Less than 100 employees
Distribution of Tourism Businesses
by Industry *and Size
Structural Linkages: Business Characteristics
%of Total
%SME’s**
Canadian Tourism Commission
Tourism Employment by Industry 524,000 Jobs
Accommodation27%
Transportation17%
Other non-tourism commodities
21%
Other tourism commodities
6%
Food & beverage
29%
Structural Linkages: Employment
Canadian Tourism Commission
$12.40$8.90
$1.60
Federal Provincial Municipal
$23 PER $100 DOLLARS TOURISM SPENDING
TOTAL = $15.4 Billion (1999)* Adjusted = $30 /$100 spending
Structural Linkages: Government Revenues
Canadian Tourism Commission
Accomm.( $ millions )
Food andBeverages($ millions )
TravelServices
($millions)
Transportation 31 29 16
Accommodation 25 24 14
Food and beverage services 33 20 11
Travel services 73 27 2
Recreation & entertainment 107 80 3
Source: Tourism Economic Impact Model (TEIM)
Inputs to Canadian Tourism Sector Selected Industries in
1994
Selected Commodity Purchases
Sectoral Linkages: Intra-sectoral purchases
Accomm.( $ millions )
Food andBeverages($ millions )
TravelServices
($millions)
Agriculture products 53 492 ?
Manufacturing products 2055 7753 ?
Construction services 68 68 ?
Communications/ utilities 479 509 ?
Finance, Insur. R.E. 519 1668 ?
Business & computer serv. 331 239 ?
Source: Tourism Economic Impact Model (TEIM)
1994 External Inputs to Canadian Tourism Sector
Selected Industries
Selected Commodity Purchases
Sectoral Linkages: Extra-sectoral purchases
Total TourismDemand In
Canada( $ millions )
Change frompreceding
year( % )
Changefrom $ 92
( % )
Transportation 20,084 8.5 3.8
Accommodation 7,060 5.1 0.4
Food and beverage services 8,103 5.0 2.9
Other tourism commodities 5,073 5.7 2.9
Total tourism commodities 40,320 6.8 2.9
Total other commodities 9,792 5.3 4.5
Tourism expenditures 50,112 6.5 3.2Source: National Tourism indicators, Catalogue no. 13-009-XPB.
Total Tourism Spending in Canada by key Commodities
1999 in Review
Commodity Categories
Performance Trends:
DomesticTourismDemand
($ millions)
Changefrom
precedingyear
Changefrom $ 92
( % )
Transportation 3,919 7.9 6.2
Accommodation 3,424 8.4 3.6
Food and beverage services 3,541 7.6 5.4
Other tourism commodities 1,424 7.8 4.2
Total tourism commodities 12,308 8.1 5.1Total other commodities 6,812 8.1 5.1
Tourism expenditures 15,288 7.7 5.12Source: National Tourism indicators, Catalogue no. 13-009-XPB.
Tourism Exports Spending in Canada by Key Commodities 1999 in Review
Performance Trends:
Commodity Categories
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96
Total Tourism CommoditiesTourism ExpendituresGDP
Cyc
lica
l D
evia
tio
n
Tourism Hard Hit by Domestic Business Cycle
Performance Trends:
Canadian Tourism Commission
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96
GDPCanadian exports
Export tourism expenditures
Performance Trends:
Tourism Exports a Growth Leader
Canadian Tourism Commission
Impacts : Reduced Deficit
* EstimateSource: Statistics Canada
Billion
-6.4
92
-5.9
93
-4.1
94
-3.2
95
-3.4
96
-3.5
97
-1.7
98*
Travel Deficit
Canadian Tourism Commission
19921992
19991999
New Direct Jobs65 000
Impacts : Employment
Thousands
* Third quarterSource: Statistics Canada
92 93 94 95 96 97 98*450
475
500
525
550
524 000Employment
+ 14%
459 000
Canadian Tourism Commission
199920.1 $B
199920.1 $B
199516.2 $B
199516.2 $B
19992.5%19992.5%
19952.3%19952.3%
Tourism GDP ( $B )
Tourism GDP Ratio
Tourism GDP
Impacts : TGDP Growth
Canadian Tourism Commission
• Medium & long term– UN-SC endorsement of revised definitions and classifications
– Developing extensions and
applications
– Labour force module
– Tourism capital formation module
– Tourism balance of payments
– Links with environmental accounts
Research and Development
International Vision - Future challenges
Canadian Tourism Commission
• `TSA is an invaluable tool in moving tourism’s political agenda forward ’
• ‘ The TSA also helps industry members define themselves as part of tourism ’
• ‘ TSA raised the profile of tourism ’Debra Ward,President of TIAC World Conference on the Economic Impact of Tourism, France, 1999
Who knows? … Who cares?
Canadian Tourism Commission
Canada1994
• Sweden 1996
• Norway 1997
• Poland 1997
• Singapore 1997
• USA 1998
• Mexico 1998
• New Zealand 1998
• Australia2000
• Spain In progress
• Thailand In progress
Who knows, who cares: Follow the leader
Canadian Tourism Commission
Canadian Tourism Commission
Conclusions
• Met user requirements
• Defined tourism products/services
• Defined tourism industries
•Credible measures
• Comparability with total economy
• Comparability with other industries
• Potential foundation of trade
negotiations
• Potential tool for monitoing
international trade perfomance
Conclusions
WEB: canadatourism.com
CTX: http://www.ctc-ctx.com
E-Mail: [email protected]
Thank you for your attention
Canadian Tourism Commission