Tour of the Lab and Tour of the Lab and Lab EquipmentLab Equipment

General Chemistry

Galax High School

Mrs. Parris

Lab Lab EquipmentEquipment

Your lab equipment should:

1. Be clean before using it.

2. Be checked (if glassware) for cracks, broken edges, and “stars” – discard if damaged.

3. Be washed, dried, and carefully stored in the proper place when done using it.

Cleaning Cleaning SuppliesSupplies

1. Each lab station has plenty of paper towels, soap, water and a sink. (also located at my desk)

2. Used for cleaning lab equipment, and to wash your hands when finished.

3. We have floor brooms, table brushes, and dustpans to clean up.

Keep our lab area neat and clean!Keep our lab area neat and clean!

Broken Glass Box and Trash CanBroken Glass Box and Trash CanBroken Glass boxBroken Glass box to to dispose of any broken dispose of any broken glass, instead of the glass, instead of the trash can.trash can.

Trash Can Trash Can to to dispose of paper dispose of paper waste only!waste only!

BeakerBeakerBeakers hold solids Beakers hold solids or liquids that will not or liquids that will not release gases when release gases when reacted, or are reacted, or are unlikely to splatter if unlikely to splatter if stirred or heated.stirred or heated.

Very poor to measure Very poor to measure volume with (+/-5%) volume with (+/-5%) accuracyaccuracy

Note the size Note the size capacity (250 mL in capacity (250 mL in this case)this case)

There are six sizes of beakers There are six sizes of beakers for you to use in your lab desk.for you to use in your lab desk.

Erlenmeyer FlaskErlenmeyer Flask

Erlenmeyer flasks Erlenmeyer flasks hold solids or hold solids or liquids that may liquids that may release gases release gases during a reaction during a reaction or that are likely to or that are likely to splatter if stirred or splatter if stirred or heated.heated.

Note the size

Florence FlaskFlorence Flask

Rarely used in first Rarely used in first year chemistry, it year chemistry, it is used for the is used for the mixing of mixing of chemicals. Narrow chemicals. Narrow neck prevents neck prevents splash exposure.splash exposure.

Graduated CylinderGraduated CylinderA graduated A graduated cylinder is used to cylinder is used to measure volumes measure volumes of liquids – of liquids – probably your best probably your best everyday everyday measuring tool – measuring tool – there are three there are three sizes in your desk. sizes in your desk.

Note the rubber Note the rubber “bumpers”, and “bumpers”, and also the size.also the size.

Others that are smaller may not have Others that are smaller may not have “bumpers”, but have reinforced glass.“bumpers”, but have reinforced glass.

Test TubesTest Tubes – – we commonly use 2 sizes:we commonly use 2 sizes:

18 x 150 mm18 x 150 mm

13 x 100 mm13 x 100 mm

IgnitionIgnitionTubeTube

(25 x 200 (25 x 200 mm)mm)

Test tubes are used to mix chemicals, Test tubes are used to mix chemicals, and also to heat chemicals.and also to heat chemicals.

Test Tube HolderTest Tube Holder

A test tube A test tube holder is useful holder is useful for holding a test for holding a test tube which is too tube which is too hot to handle.hot to handle.

Knowing where Knowing where to to holdhold this piece this piece of equipment is of equipment is important.important.

Test Tube BrushesTest Tube BrushesTest tube brushes Test tube brushes are used to clean are used to clean test tubes and test tubes and graduated graduated cylinders.cylinders.

Forcing a large Forcing a large brush into a small brush into a small test tube will often test tube will often break the tube. break the tube. Don’t worry about Don’t worry about drying the inside of drying the inside of a test tube.a test tube.

Small test tube brushSmall test tube brush

Large test tube brushLarge test tube brush

Test Tube RacksTest Tube Racks

Test tube racks are for holding and Test tube racks are for holding and organizing test tubes on the laboratory organizing test tubes on the laboratory counter, and are found in the wall cabinets. counter, and are found in the wall cabinets.

Rubber StoppersRubber Stoppers

Rubber stoppers Rubber stoppers (also cork) are used (also cork) are used to close containers to close containers to avoid spillage or to avoid spillage or contamination.contamination.

Containers should Containers should nevernever be heated be heated when there is a when there is a stopper in place.stopper in place.

Well PlatesWell PlatesWell plates are used Well plates are used when we want to when we want to perform many small perform many small scale reactions at scale reactions at one time.one time.

It is like having lots It is like having lots of test tubes of test tubes available at one time. available at one time.

Watch GlassWatch GlassA watch glass is A watch glass is used to hold a used to hold a small amount of small amount of solid, such as the solid, such as the product of a product of a reaction.reaction.

Can also be used Can also be used as a cover for an as a cover for an evaporating dish evaporating dish or beaker.or beaker.

Stirring RodStirring RodThe stirring rod is The stirring rod is used to: used to: a) manually stir a) manually stir solutions; solutions; b) assist in pouring b) assist in pouring liquids; and liquids; and c) to transfer a c) to transfer a single drop of a single drop of a solution.solution.

Rubber policeman Rubber policeman tip is used to remove tip is used to remove precipitates.precipitates.Stir with this end.Stir with this end.

Dropper PipetDropper Pipet

A dropper pipet A dropper pipet is used to is used to transfer a small transfer a small volume of liquid, volume of liquid, usually one drop usually one drop at a time.at a time.

On top of each dropper is a “On top of each dropper is a “rubber bulbrubber bulb” ” – – nevernever put your mouth on the dropper to put your mouth on the dropper to provide suctionprovide suction

Litmus PaperLitmus Paper Red litmus litmus paper is used to paper is used to identify identify basesbases::

Red turns blue,Red turns blue,Blue stays blueBlue stays blue

Blue litmus litmus paper is used to paper is used to identify identify acidsacids::

Blue turns red, Blue turns red, Red stays redRed stays red

ForcepsForceps

Forceps are used to hold or pick up Forceps are used to hold or pick up small objects.small objects.

FunnelFunnel

A funnel is A funnel is used to aid in used to aid in the transfer of the transfer of liquids from liquids from one vessel to one vessel to another, and another, and will hold filter will hold filter paper while paper while filtering.filtering.

Graduated PipetGraduated Pipet

A graduated A graduated pipet measures pipet measures and delivers and delivers exact volumes exact volumes of liquids – of liquids – uses a rubber uses a rubber bulb for bulb for suction.suction.

Wash BottleWash Bottle A wash bottle has A wash bottle has a spout that a spout that delivers a water delivers a water stream to a stream to a specific area.specific area.

Distilled waterDistilled water is is the only liquid that the only liquid that should be used in should be used in a wash bottlea wash bottle

During use, keep the bottle During use, keep the bottle upright as shown, since ours upright as shown, since ours have a tube that goes to the have a tube that goes to the bottom of the bottle.bottom of the bottle.

Distilled Water

Weighing BoatWeighing Boat

Weighing boats are used to weigh solids Weighing boats are used to weigh solids that will be transferred to another vessel.that will be transferred to another vessel.We will also use squares of paper for this We will also use squares of paper for this purpose – throw them away after using.purpose – throw them away after using.NeverNever put chemicals directly on the put chemicals directly on the balance scale – it leaves residue and can balance scale – it leaves residue and can harm the balanceharm the balance

Electronic BalanceElectronic BalanceElectronic Electronic balances are very balances are very accurate, highly accurate, highly dependable, and dependable, and rugged.rugged.The digital The digital display makes the display makes the mass value very mass value very easy to determine.easy to determine.

““On” buttonOn” button ““Off” buttonOff” button ““Tare” buttonTare” button

Place item here to massPlace item here to mass

Parris 103

SpatulaSpatula

Spatulas are used Spatulas are used to dispense solid to dispense solid chemicals from chemicals from their containers.their containers.

Chemicals should Chemicals should nevernever be be transferred with transferred with your bare hands.your bare hands.

Beaker TongsBeaker TongsBeaker tongs Beaker tongs are used to are used to move beakers move beakers containing hot containing hot liquids.liquids.

Note the rubber Note the rubber coating to coating to improve grip on improve grip on the glass beaker the glass beaker - do not hold - do not hold this in a burner this in a burner flame.flame.

BurnerBurnerBurners are used Burners are used for the heating of for the heating of nonvolatilenonvolatile liquids liquids and solids.and solids.

Hot plates will be Hot plates will be used to gently heat used to gently heat any flammable any flammable chemicals.chemicals.

Evaporating DishEvaporating Dish

The evaporating The evaporating dish is used for dish is used for heating stable heating stable solid compounds solid compounds and elements, as and elements, as well as for well as for evaporating evaporating nonvolatile nonvolatile solutions.solutions.

Crucible and coverCrucible and cover

Crucibles are used Crucibles are used for heating certain for heating certain solids, particularly solids, particularly metals, to very metals, to very high temperatures. high temperatures. The cover can be The cover can be used to contain used to contain any smoke any smoke particles.particles.

Clay TriangleClay Triangle

The clay triangle is The clay triangle is used as a support used as a support for crucibles when for crucibles when being heated over being heated over a lab burner.a lab burner.

It can also be used It can also be used to support a funnel to support a funnel when filtering.when filtering.

Crucible TongsCrucible Tongs

For handling hot For handling hot crucibles; also used crucibles; also used to pick up other hot to pick up other hot objects - objects - NOTNOT to be to be used for picking up used for picking up beakers! beakers!

Ringstands and their ComponentsRingstands and their Components

Ringstands are a safe Ringstands are a safe and convenient way to and convenient way to perform reactions that perform reactions that require heating using a require heating using a lab burner.lab burner.

Can also be used as an Can also be used as an insulating pad to place insulating pad to place hot objects while they hot objects while they cool.cool.

Ringstands and their ComponentsRingstands and their ComponentsRing ClampRing Clamp

Ring clamps connect Ring clamps connect to a ringstand, and to a ringstand, and provide a stable, provide a stable, elevated platform for elevated platform for a beaker to be heated.a beaker to be heated.

Will also hold a clay Will also hold a clay triangle and funnel triangle and funnel during filtering.during filtering.

Ringstands and their ComponentsRingstands and their ComponentsTest tube ClampsTest tube Clamps

Test tube clamps Test tube clamps are used to secure are used to secure test tubes, test tubes, distillation columns, distillation columns, and burets to the and burets to the ringstand.ringstand.

Ringstands and their ComponentsRingstands and their ComponentsDouble Buret ClampsDouble Buret Clamps

Double Buret Double Buret clamps are clamps are used to secure used to secure burets (long burets (long graduated graduated tubes used in tubes used in titrations) to titrations) to the ringstand.the ringstand.

Ringstands and their ComponentsRingstands and their ComponentsWire GauzeWire Gauze

Wire gauze sits on Wire gauze sits on the iron ring to the iron ring to provide a place to provide a place to stand a beaker. stand a beaker.

On older wire gauze, On older wire gauze, the white material the white material was asbestos – was asbestos – currently it is a currently it is a ceramic.ceramic.

LighterLighter

These strikers are These strikers are used to light lab used to light lab burners. burners.

The flints on The flints on strikers are strikers are expensive. Do not expensive. Do not operate the striker operate the striker repeatedly just to repeatedly just to see the sparks!see the sparks!

Flask TongsFlask Tongs

Used to Used to hold a flask hold a flask by the neck by the neck after being after being heated.heated.

Where in the Lab?Where in the Lab?

Burner and Burner and Ring StandRing Stand

Ruler, watch Ruler, watch glass, pipetteglass, pipette

Beakers, Flasks, Beakers, Flasks, Graduated CylindersGraduated Cylinders

Hand ToolsHand Tools

Apron/GogglesApron/Goggles

Goggles and Apron DrawerGoggles and Apron Drawer

Burner and Ring StandBurner and Ring Stand

Always Always Wear Wear

Goggles Goggles and and

ApronApron

Eyewash StationEyewash Station Push this handle to turn on the water – it will stay on until you pull it to turn off.

Flush your eyes for 15-20 minutes!

The Eyewash is located in the back of the lab in my chemical closed and under the Safety Shower. You will need to summons me for assistance at the Eyewash Station.

Safety ShowerSafety Shower

Lots of water will come pouring out here to rinse chemicals spilled on you.

This is the handle to pull to activate the safety shower.

Eyewash Bottle and Fire ExtinguisherEyewash Bottle and Fire Extinguisher

Fire Extinguishers Fire Extinguishers are found behind are found behind the door, at the the door, at the door to my door to my chemical room chemical room and at the back and at the back left corner of the left corner of the lab stations.lab stations.

Fume Hood and Flammable CabinetFume Hood and Flammable Cabinet

Fire BlanketFire Blanket found in found in cabinet under cabinet under hoodhood

HoodHood is is used to mix used to mix chemicals chemicals that that produce a produce a gasgas

Fire BlanketFire Blanket

What’s in the Chemical What’s in the Chemical Closet?Closet?