toronto - tsns 2020 neighbourhood equity index ......tsns 2020 neighbourhood equity index...

TSNS 2020 NEIGHBOURHOOD EQUITY INDEX

Methodological Documentation

Prepared for the Toronto Strong Neighbourhoods Strategy 2020

March 2014

By

Social Policy Analysis and Research City of Toronto

Table of Contents

1. Purpose of this Document ...................................................................................................... 1

2. Background ............................................................................................................................ 2

3. Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 3

3.1. Components of Neighbourhood Equity Index .................................................................. 3

3.3. Guiding Principles ........................................................................................................... 3

3.4. Data Sources .................................................................................................................. 4

3.4.1. Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators .......................................................................... 4

3.4.2. Consultation Findings ............................................................................................... 6

3.4.3. Wellbeing Toronto .................................................................................................... 7

3.5. Developing the Neighbourhood Equity Index .................................................................. 7

3.5.1. Indicator Standardization .......................................................................................... 8

3.5.2. Determine Indicator Weighting ................................................................................. 9

3.5.3. Calculate Neighbourhood Equity Score ...................................................................13

3.5.4. Calculate Neighbourhood Equity Benchmark ..........................................................20

3.6. Verification .....................................................................................................................23

3.6.1. Population Groups ..................................................................................................23

3.6.2. Other Social Indicators ............................................................................................24

4. Next Steps ...........................................................................................................................26

References ...............................................................................................................................27

Appendix I. Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators .......................................................................28

Appendix II. Standardized Urban HEART@Toronto Indicator Values .......................................44

Appendix III. Cross-Reference Social Indicators ......................................................................52

Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................60

TSNS 2020 Neighbourhood Equity Index Methodological Documentation

1

1. Purpose of this Document

This methodological report describes the development of a Neighbourhood Equity Index in

support of identifying Neighbourhood Improvement Areas (NIA) for the Toronto Strong

Neighbourhoods Strategy 2020 (TSNS 2020). The work described in this document was

conducted by the Social Policy, Analysis & Research Section (SPAR) of the Social

Development, Finance & Administration Division (SDFA) of the City of Toronto in consultation

with residents of Toronto, community agencies, academic experts and City of Toronto divisions,

corporations and agencies.

The final selection of NIAs as part of TSNS 2020 is described in a separate report. This report

can be found at http://www.toronto.ca/neighbourhoods.

http://www.toronto.ca/neighbourhoods


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2. Background

In 2005, Toronto City Council identified 22 of its 140 social planning neighbourhoods as a part

of its Priority Neighbourhoods for Investment. This designation was made as part of a strategic

initiative to address historic under-investment in the social infrastructure of some Toronto

neighbourhoods. The identification of these Priority Neighbourhood Areas for Investment (PNIs)

was based on a methodology identifying neighbourhoods in Toronto where vulnerable

populations had low access to services, combined with areas of the city experiencing safety

issues as identified in the Community Safety Plan.

After almost seven years of work in the PNIs, Council directed the Executive Director, Social

Development, Finance and Administration Division to report back on an update to the Strategy.

Council's direction focused on the need to better strengthen all neighbourhoods and monitor

their wellbeing across a broader range of issues beyond service access and crime. The

proposed updates to the City's neighbourhood-based initiatives were approved by Council in

March 2012 when it adopted the report titled Toronto Strong Neighbourhoods Strategy 2020.

Under TSNS 2020, a new set of neighbourhoods are to be identified, called Neighbourhood

Improvement Areas (NIAs). NIAs are to be selected based on a determination of which

neighbourhoods in Toronto are facing the most inequitable outcomes. By definition, an inequity

is an unnecessary, unfair and unjust difference. Because these differences are unnecessary,

action can be taken to remedy them. Correspondingly, the NIA selection criterion for TSNS

2020 is to reflect the strategy's goal of building an equitable set of social, economic and cultural

opportunities for all residents, leading to equitable outcomes across all neighbourhoods.

To support the selection of new NIAs, the City of Toronto has developed a Neighbourhood

Equity Index (NEI) based on data from the Urban HEART@Toronto research initiative. This

index provides a broad quantitative assessment of neighbourhood wellbeing in Toronto,

facilitating the recommendation of NIAs by the TSNS 2020 Steering Committee and final

selection by Toronto City Council.


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3. Methodology

3.1. Components of Neighbourhood Equity Index

The Neighbourhood Equity Index that is described in this document consists of two

components:

(1) A Neighbourhood Equity Score for each of Toronto's 140 neighbourhoods:

This score is derived from 15 indicators of neighbourhood inequity across five

thematic domains and describes how neighbourhoods in Toronto are faring relative

to others. These indicators were provided to the City of Toronto by the Urban

HEART@Toronto research initiative.

(2) A Neighbourhood Equity Benchmark:

This benchmark value is a composite score derived from a series of benchmark

values selected by Urban HEART@Toronto. The benchmark delineates a score that

signals that the overall burden of inequities faced by a neighbourhood requires

immediate action..

3.3. Guiding Principles

There are several principles that guide the development of the NEI. First, the index should

measure broad inequity across neighbourhoods. The objective of TSNS 2020 is to provide

an equitable set of social, economic and cultural opportunities for all residents, with the goal of

advancing equitable outcomes across all neighbourhoods. As a result, the index is designed to

provide a composite measure of neighbourhood wellbeing across a broad range of different

thematic domains. In turn, the indicators that make up the index are based on overall

neighbourhood outcomes as opposed to such factors as service inputs or populations groups.

Second, the index must adhere to the existing 140 neighbourhood planning area

boundaries developed by the City of Toronto. These boundaries were developed by SDFA

based on standard Census geography (Census Tracts) in the mid-1990's as a geography for

service planning purposes as opposed to being based on historic neighbourhood identity. They


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have since been adopted by the City of Toronto, multiple agencies and organizations for

reporting on social wellbeing. It is the intent to keep these boundaries consistent over time and

as of 2014, they have not changed since their inception. Designating NIAs using these

boundaries improves the ability to consistently monitor the wellbeing of NIAs over time. (See the

Neighbourhood Profiles at www.toronto.ca/demographics for more details.)

Third, any indicators used to develop or verify the index must already be publicly

accessible at the neighbourhood level. Given limited resources and the need to maximize

validity and transparency, priority was given to using existing indicators of neighbourhood

wellbeing. While this approach may not necessarily incorporate perfect measurements of

inequity, it does allow for an immediately achievable framework for measuring neighbourhood

outcomes. Because the implementation of TSNS 2020 will be iterative, development of new and

better indicators can occur over the course of the strategy's implementation.

3.4. Data Sources

3.4.1. Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators

The NEI consists of indicator data provided by the Urban HEART@Toronto research initiative.

This initiative builds off of work developed by the World Health Organization. Urban HEART

stands for “Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool.” In 2010, the World Health

Organization launched Urban HEART to help city leaders and their communities identify and

resolve health and social inequities.

Because the WHO version of Urban HEART was designed for cities in urbanizing contexts, a

modified version of the tool was developed for Toronto and comparable urban environments.

The Toronto version was jointly developed the Centre for Research on Inner City Health/St.

Michael's Hospital, the City of Toronto, United Way Toronto, the Toronto Central Local Health

Integration Network and WoodGreen Community Services.

Urban HEART@Toronto provides 15 indicators of neighbourhood inequity across five thematic

domains based on a social determinants of health model. Possible indicators for inclusion were

selected through an online Delphi process involving 80 expert researchers and data users from

the Greater Toronto Area. The City of Toronto was one of the participants in the selection

process and provided some technical advice on the selection of indicators.

http://www.toronto.ca/demographics


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Once the long-list of indicators was identified, a short-list was proposed by the Urban

HEART@Toronto team based on the availability of data at a neighbourhood level, whether the

indicator contained sufficient variance and whether the data was publicly available and

comparable. Based on these criteria, a final set of 15 indicators was selected and approved by

the Urban HEART@Toronto Steering Committee in September 2013. These indicators are

detailed in Table 1. Neighbourhood scores for each of these indicators are summarized and

mapped in Appendix I.

For more information about Urban HEART@Toronto, visit

http://www.torontohealthprofiles.ca/urbanheartattoronto.php.

Table 1. Urban HEART@Toronto Domains and Indicators

Domains Indicator Data Source

Economic Opportunities

Unemployment Number of unemployed persons age 15+.

2011 National Household Survey

Low Income Percentage of persons living below the after-tax low income measure.

2010 T1 Family File, Statistics Canada

Social Assistance Percentage of persons who are recipients of Ontario Works, persons on ODSP participating in OW employment programs and non-OW persons receiving assistance with medical items.

Toronto Employment & Social Services

Social Development High School Graduation Composite measure of four indicators predicting the rate of youth graduation from high school (2006-2011).

TDSB, TCDSB, 2006 Census

Marginalization A combined measure of 18 variables representing residential instability, ethnic concentration, dependency and material deprivation.

Ontario Marginalization Index, 2006 Census

Post-Secondary Completion Percentage of persons age 25-65 with post secondary certificate, diploma or degree.

2011 National Household Survey

Participation in Decision-Making

Municipal Voting Rate Percent of eligible voters who voted in the last municipal election.

Toronto Election & Registry Services, Toronto Open Data

Physical Surroundings Community Places for Meeting Average number of meeting places within a 10 min. walking distance measured from each residential block in the neighbourhoods (incl. libraries, recreation facilities, places of worship).

Toronto Open Data

http://www.torontohealthprofiles.ca/urbanheartattoronto.php


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Walkability A walkability score between 0 (not very walkable) and 100 (very walkable).

Walkscore.com

Healthy Food Stores The average number of healthier food stores within a 10 minute walking distance from each residential block in a neighbourhoods.

Toronto Dinesafe 20134, Toronto Open Data

Green Space Average amount of green space (incl. parks and public areas) per km

2 in a 1 km circular

buffer from each residential block in the neighbourhood.

DMTI, University of Toronto

Healthy Lives Premature Mortality Age-adjusted number of deaths under age of 75 per 100,000 population age under 75.

Ontario Mortality Data 2005-2009, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care

Mental Health Percentage of those age 20+ reporting very good or excellent mental health.

2005-2011 Canadian Community Health Survey

Preventable Hospitalizations Age and sex adjusted number of ambulatory care sensitive condition hospitalizations per 100,000 population.

2009-2011 Discharge Abstracts Database, Canadian Institute for Health Information

Diabetes Age and sex adjusted number of persons age 20+ with diabetes per 100 population.

Ontario Diabetes Database, Ontario Registered Persons Database, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care

It is important to note that these indicators are not population group measures. Because the

goal of TSNS 2020 is to measure inequity, population group measures are inappropriate. For

example, being young or having recently arrived in Toronto does not, on its own, constitute an

inequity. However, an inability to find employment because one is young is an inequity.

Therefore, the final set of indicators does not include concentrations of such equity seeking-

groups as youth or newcomers. For the same reason, indicators are also not normalized by

these subgroups. Instead, the final indicator set includes the outcomes of these inequities, such

as unemployment.

3.4.2. Consultation Findings

Feedback received through a multi-format public consultation process involving online surveys,

paper surveys distributed at community events and a series of 9 “Community Conversation”

roundtables was used to support the interpretation and analysis of the Urban HEART@Toronto

data. These consultations ran between October and November 2013, resulting in 1,421 survey


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responses and qualitative notes summarizing the input gathered from over 230 participants in

City-led meetings and 150 residents in community-agency led meetings. While no cluster

sampling methods were used to reflect geographic representation across the City, mapping the

respondent postal codes showed a satisfactory level of response from across Toronto

compared to similar City of Toronto consultations conducted in the past.

Results from these consultations can be found online at

http://www.toronto.ca/neighbourhoods.

Upon receiving the indicator data from Urban HEART@Toronto, the City of Toronto's Social

Development, Finance & Administration (SDFA) Division conducted further consultations with

members of the Toronto Community Data Program, academic experts from the Wellbeing

Toronto Advisory Panel, the City of Toronto Research Network, the Social Planning Network of

Ontario, Toronto Community Housing Corporation, Toronto Public Health, City divisions,

community groups and agencies and Toronto residents on the optimal methodological weighting

method for the NEI.

Results from both consultation processes were used to guide the methodological choices

described in this document and were used to verify whether the neighbourhood equity scores

reflected resident concerns.

3.4.3. Wellbeing Toronto

Finally, neighbourhood wellbeing indicators from Wellbeing Toronto

(www.toronto.ca/wellbeing) were used to verify the results of the NEI design. The

Neighbourhood Equity Scores were checked against demographic data to ensure that important

equity-seeking groups are represented in the results of this analysis and issues raised in the

community consultations were captured. Wellbeing Toronto data was also used to identify

where the NEI scores are consistent with the geographic priorities of agencies, divisions and

corporations from with the City of Toronto, and where they differed. . The indicators used in this

analysis are drawn primarily from the 2011 Census and National Household Survey and are

summarized at the neighbourhood level in Appendix III.


http://(www.toronto.ca/wellbeing)


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3.5. Developing the Neighbourhood Equity Index

There are four steps involved in developing a Neighbourhood Equity Score for the NEI:

1. Standardize indicator values

2. Determine indicator weighting

3. Calculate Neighbourhood Equity Score

4. Derive Neighbourhood Equity Benchmark

3.5.1. Indicator Standardization

The 15 Urban HEART@Toronto indicators are measured using different units. For some, such

as unemployment, the indicator is presented as a percentage where higher percentages are

more inequitable. For other indicators, such as Community Spaces for Meeting, the indicator is

expressed as simply a count where lower counts are more inequitable. Because of these

differences, indicator values must be standardized to a common range and consistent direction.

Fortunately, Urban HEART@Toronto provides standardized values for each of the 15 indicators.

These standardized values range between 0 and 1, where 1 is assigned to the neighbourhood

with the most inequitable outcome. The neighbourhood with the most equitable outcome is

assigned a value of 0. The remaining neighbourhoods are assigned a score relative to those

two polarities. The resulting standardized indicator values are summarized in Appendix II.

For indicators where high values signify increased inequity, such as unemployment, the

standardized value is calculated as follows:

For indicators where low values signify inequity, such as postsecondary completion, the

standardized value is calculated using the following formula, which reverses the direction of the

underlying indicator:


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3.5.2. Determine Indicator Weighting

Two indicator weighting options were considered for the NEI composite score. The first option

was an equal domain weighting method. Under this method, standardized indicator values are

averaged within their respective domains to adjust for the varying number of indicators within

each domain. The five resulting domain scores are then given equal weight. The advantage of

this method is in its simplicity. It also conceptually matches resident feedback which

emphasized that all of the domains are important. The key disadvantage of this method,

however, is that the weightings are not statistically derived and therefore overemphasize

domains that do not actually describe differences between neighbourhoods.

The second method assigns each indicator a weight in proportion to its actual contribution in

describing the differences between neighbourhoods. Weights are derived using a principal

components analysis technique similar to those used in other studies of neighbourhood

wellbeing (Murdie, Logan and Maaranen 2013; Krishnan 2010). The advantage of this method is

that the resulting weights emphasize indicators that can differentiate neighbourhoods for NIA

selection. Heavier weights are given to indicators where there are consistently large gaps

between neighbourhoods. Indicators where gaps are smaller or where issues are scattered

across a wide range of different types of neighbourhoods are given lighter weight. The

disadvantage of this method is that the weights do not obviously match resident preferences.

This second method of weighting, however, actually produces NEI scores that are more

reflective of how residents perceive the actual state of neighbourhoods in Toronto. Counter-

intuitively, an equal weighting scheme makes it harder to differentiate neighbourhoods and

creates a disproportionately high standard for neighbourhoods to be selected as an NIA. For

example, most neighbourhoods fare poorly in the Physical Surroundings indicator set. If this

domain was weighted equally as compared to the other domains, only neighbourhoods that fare

extremely poorly on Physical Surroundings would rise to the top in the final NEI ranking.

Neighbourhoods with serious issues in the other four domains, yet have average albeit still poor

outcomes in Physical Surroundings, would see their ranking in the NEI fall. The result of an

equal weighting scenario, therefore, actually results in underemphasizing many issues in

Toronto that are more geographically concentrated.


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Based on these considerations and following consultations with community agencies,

community leaders, City divisions and other implementation partners, the TSNS 2020 Steering

Committee selected the this second weighting method as the preferred weighting scheme. The

method for determining the exact weights for each of the indicators is explained below.

The weight for each standardized indicator is calculated using principle components analysis

(PCA) with varimax rotation. PCA is a statistical data reduction technique that takes a larger set

of indicators and derives a smaller set of “factors” that explain the maximum amount of variance

in a sample. In doing so, PCA reveals the underlying structure of how the data is distributed. It

also describes the strength of the relationship between each individual indicator and the

underlying factors. For the purposes of this analysis, only factors that explained the bulk of the

differences in the underlying data are used.

Table 2. Standardized Indicator PCA Results (Rotated Factors)

Indicator Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3

Unemployment Rate 0.798 0.244 0.154

Low-Income 0.808 -0.196 0.220

Social Assistance 0.769 0.110 0.509

High School Graduation* 0.546 -0.174 0.543

Marginalization 0.843 0.027 0.111

Post-Secondary* 0.812 0.216 0.239

Voting* 0.730 -0.083 -0.454

Community Meeting Spaces* -0.064 0.805 -0.384

Walkability* 0.264 0.872 -0.204

Access to Healthy Food* -0.035 0.863 -0.228

Access to Green Space* -0.065 -0.755 -0.213

Premature Mortality 0.189 -0.324 0.825

Mental Health 0.560 -0.081 0.202

Unnecessary Hospitalization 0.430 -0.120 0.776

Diabetes 0.826 0.323 0.218

Variance Explained (Eigenvalue)

5.378 3.147 2.559

PCA with varimax rotation * Indicator was reversed when standardized so that high values reflect inequity.


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The results of the PCA analysis are summarized in Table 2. Three factors, accounting for 73.8%

of the total variance in the dataset were retained.

Factor 1 describes neighbourhoods with higher concentrations of residents facing broad

socioeconomic challenges. These challenges include high unemployment, lower incomes,

higher use of social assistance, greater marginalization, lower post secondary attainment, lower

voting rates and higher incidents of mental health issues and diabetes.

Factor 2 describes neighbourhoods experiencing physical infrastructure challenges. This

includes low access to meeting spaces, limited walkability and low access to healthy food

stores. Notably, access to green space is negatively related to this factor. This is not entirely

unexpected, as this opposing direction describes a tension in urban planning regarding in the

appropriate amount of density in a neighbourhood.

Factor 3 describes neighbourhoods with residents facing acute vulnerabilities. These

neighbourhoods have higher concentrations of residents receiving social assistance, have more

residents with less than a high school education, have higher rates of premature mortality and

higher rates of unnecessary hospitalizations.

The three factors correspond to commonly understood challenges facing neighbourhoods in

Toronto and appear to provide a broad, valid description of neighbourhood inequity in Toronto.

Using these factor results, weights for each of the 15 indicators are derived using the factor

loadings for each indicator and the variance explained by each of the 3 retained factors. Two

considerations influence how these pieces of information will be combined in the final weighting

formula.

First, the Neighbourhood Equity Index is intended to identify differences between

neighbourhoods. Methodologically, this is interpreted to mean that factors explaining the most

variance should be weighted more heavily. This can be observed quantitatively from the

eigenvalues of the three retained factors. The eigenvalue is a score summarizing the proportion

of the total variance, or neighbourhood differences, that is present in the Urban

HEART@Toronto data. Factors with higher eigenvalues will be weighted more heavily. Within

each factor, the factor loading describes which indicators are more strongly related to each

factor. The factor loadings will be used to determine how strongly each indicator is weighted

within each factor.

Second, it was clear from the community consultations that all of the social and health issues

depicted in the Urban HEART@Toronto model are conceptually important and interrelated.


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Participants in our consultations emphasized that issues making an impact in one domain also

make impacts in others. Because of this, it was determined that all indicators would be retained

in all three factors. Each indicator is weighted according to its respective factor loading in each

factor. Lower factor loadings correspond to lighter weighting, correcting for weak relationships in

the underlying data.

The composite weight for each indicator was derived using the following formula:

Once each indicator weight is calculated, they are further standardized so the sum of all

indicator weightings is equal to 1:

Table 3 summarizes the final weights for each of the indicators. As noted above, access to

green space is negatively related to the underlying factors and has a correspondingly small, but

negative weighting. Although excluding this indicator from the final selection criterion was

considered, it was retained because the negative score does reflect a real conceptual and policy

tension. Excluding green space would suggest that the concept of green space has no

relationship with neighbourhood equity. Retaining the variable more appropriately includes this

policy tension in the underlying weighting scheme.


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Table 3. Indicator Weights

Domains Indicator Weight Domain Weight

Economic Opportunities

Unemployment 10.6%

30.3% Low Income 8.4%

Social Assistance 11.3%

Social Development High School Graduation 7.4%

28.0% Marginalization 9.6%

Post Secondary Completion 11.0%

Participation in Decision-Making

Municipal Voting Rate 4.9% 4.9%

Physical Surroundings

Community Places for Meeting 2.3%

6.9% Walkability 7.1%

Healthy Food Stores 3.8%

Green Space -6.4%

Healthy Lives Premature Mortality 4.1%

29.9% Mental Health 6.4%

Preventable Hospitalizations 7.7%

Diabetes 11.7%

3.5.3. Calculate Neighbourhood Equity Score

Weighted neighbourhood scores are calculated by first multiplying the standardized indicator

values for each neighbourhood by their respective indicator weights and then summing the

products. The resulting score ranges from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating maximum inequity:

To aid in the presentation and interpretation of the data, each weighted score is then reversed

and multiplied by 100 so that the Neighbourhood Equity Score ranges from 0 to 100. A

neighbourhood with a theoretical score of 0 would have the worst outcomes in Toronto for all 15

indicators. A theoretical score of 100 describes a neighbourhood with the best outcomes in

Toronto for all 15 indicators.


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The final Neighbourhood Equity Score is calculated as follows:

The final set of neighbourhood equity scores are summarized in Table 4 and spatially on the

map on page 19.


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Table 4. Neighbourhood Equity Index Scores

Rank Neighbourhood Number and Name Score

1 24 Black Creek 21.38

2 25 Glenfield-Jane Heights 24.39

3 115 Mount Dennis 26.39

4 112 Beechborough-Greenbrook 26.54

5 121 Oakridge 28.57

6 2 Mount Olive-Silverstone-Jamestown 29.29

7 5 Elms-Old Rexdale 29.54

8 72 Regent Park 29.81

9 55 Thorncliffe Park 33.09

10 85 South Parkdale 33.10

11 61 Crescent Town 33.21

12 111 Rockcliffe-Smythe 33.86

13 139 Scarborough Village 33.94

14 21 Humber Summit 34.30

15 28 Rustic 35.40

16 125 Ionview 35.73

17 44 Flemingdon Park 35.81

18 113 Weston 35.99

19 22 Humbermede 36.09

20 138 Eglinton East 36.28

21 135 Morningside 36.89

22 26 Downsview-Roding-CFB 37.16

23 136 West Hill 37.25

24 27 York University Heights 37.66

25 137 Woburn 39.01

26 3 Thistletown-Beaumond Heights 39.78

27 110 Keelesdale-Eglinton West 40.14

28 43 Victoria Village 40.39

29 91 Weston-Pellam Park 40.47

30 6 Kingsview Village-The Westway 41.76

31 124 Kennedy Park 42.38

32 30 Brookhaven-Amesbury 43.07

33 4 Rexdale-Kipling 43.76

34 132 Malvern 43.89

35 109 Caledonia-Fairbank 44.65

36 126 Dorset Park 45.12

37 1 West Humber-Clairville 45.78

38 35 Westminster-Branson 46.57

39 74 North St. James Town 47.55


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40 127 Bendale 47.72

41 120 Clairlea-Birchmount 48.34

42 54 O'Connor-Parkview 48.67

43 131 Rouge 48.81

44 119 Wexford-Maryvale 49.47

45 31 Yorkdale-Glen Park 49.53

46 73 Moss Park 50.11

47 78 Kensington-Chinatown 50.70

48 29 Maple Leaf 50.72

49 117 L'Amoreaux 50.78

50 13 Etobicoke West Mall 51.19

51 116 Steeles 51.66

52 53 Henry Farm 51.87

53 65 Greenwood-Coxwell 52.13

54 18 New Toronto 53.21

55 128 Agincourt South-Malvern West 53.43

56 57 Broadview North 53.69

57 45 Parkwoods-Donalda 53.79

58 23 Pelmo Park-Humberlea 53.79

59 92 Corso Italia-Davenport 54.03

60 7 Willowridge-Martingrove-Richview 54.46

61 129 Agincourt North 54.67

62 118 Tam O'Shanter-Sullivan 55.14

63 123 Cliffcrest 55.95

64 32 Englemount-Lawrence 56.01

65 36 Newtonbrook West 56.07

66 8 Humber Heights-Westmount 56.13

67 19 Long Branch 56.26

68 130 Milliken 56.85

69 93 Dovercourt-Wallace Emerson-Junction 57.09

70 107 Oakwood Village 57.33

71 108 Briar Hill-Belgravia 57.81

72 69 Blake-Jones 58.07

73 34 Bathurst Manor 58.41

74 134 Highland Creek 58.77

75 60 Woodbine-Lumsden 59.08

76 70 South Riverdale 59.94

77 84 Little Portugal 60.04

78 81 Trinity-Bellwoods 60.09

79 122 Birchcliffe-Cliffside 60.28


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80 47 Don Valley Village 60.52

81 17 Mimico 62.36

82 49 Bayview Woods-Steeles 62.37

83 14 Islington-City Centre West 62.51

84 11 Eringate-Centennial-West Deane 62.56

85 9 Edenbridge-Humber Valley 63.36

86 20 Alderwood 63.88

87 90 Junction Area 64.27

88 86 Roncesvalles 64.95

89 50 Newtonbrook East 65.18

90 94 Wychwood 65.46

91 58 Old East York 65.61

92 46 Pleasant View 65.72

93 62 East End-Danforth 65.82

94 48 Hillcrest Village 65.84

95 140 Guildwood 66.19

96 114 Lambton Baby Point 66.36

97 83 Dufferin Grove 66.79

98 59 Danforth East York 66.94

99 37 Willowdale West 67.04

100 66 Danforth 67.56

101 75 Church-Yonge Corridor 67.92

102 64 Woodbine Corridor 68.11

103 16 Stonegate-Queensway 69.29

104 33 Clanton Park 69.53

105 51 Willowdale East 69.67

106 133 Centennial Scarborough 70.75

107 52 Bayview Village 71.65

108 80 Palmerston-Little Italy 72.19

109 82 Niagara 72.54

110 42 Banbury-Don Mills 73.19

111 106 Humewood-Cedarvale 73.94

112 71 Cabbagetown-South St. James Town 74.42

113 12 Markland Wood 74.88

114 102 Forest Hill North 74.94

115 79 University 75.07

116 38 Lansing-Westgate 76.15

117 67 Playter Estates-Danforth 76.16

118 104 Mount Pleasant West 76.39

119 10 Princess-Rosethorn 76.57


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120 76 Bay Street Corridor 77.07

121 87 High Park-Swansea 77.14

122 40 St. Andrew-Windfields 77.43

123 95 Annex 78.60

124 88 High Park North 80.58

125 97 Yonge-St. Clair 80.99

126 77 Waterfront Communities-The Island 80.99

127 68 North Riverdale 81.21

128 39 Bedford Park-Nortown 81.55

129 96 Casa Loma 82.31

130 63 The Beaches 82.62

131 41 Bridle Path-Sunnybrook-York Mills 83.04

132 98 Rosedale-Moore Park 83.78

133 56 Leaside-Bennington 85.82

134 89 Runnymede-Bloor West Village 85.85

135 99 Mount Pleasant East 86.04

136 15 Kingsway South 86.19

137 101 Forest Hill South 86.24

138 100 Yonge-Eglinton 88.11

139 103 Lawrence Park South 90.12

140 105 Lawrence Park North 92.05


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Source: Urban HEART @ Toronto, City of Toronto,Social Policy Analysis & Research.

Copyright (c) 2014 City of Toronto. All Rights Reserved.Published: March 2014Prepared by: Social Policy Analysis & ResearchContact: [email protected]

/

Neighbourhood Equity Index Score

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Neighbourhood Equity Index Score

92.121.4

48.8

45.8

62.5

37.2

37.7

39.049.573.2

37.2

59.9

56.9

83.0

43.9

62.6

69.3

34.3

53.4

47.7

53.8

48.3

54.7

77.4

50.8

56.0

62.4

45.1

60.3

49.5

36.9

54.5

63.4

81.6

55.1

70.7

65.8

76.2

77.1

24.4 71.6

58.8

76.633.9

41.8

69.7

48.7

63.9

58.4

40.4

85.8

56.1

83.8

29.3

51.7

36.1

53.8

81.0

60.5

69.5

62.465.2

66.2

57.1

46.6

82.6

42.4

43.1

56.0

21.4

53.2

39.8

90.1

36.3

33.186.0 33.9

72.5

65.7

74.9

29.5

67.0

78.6

56.1

65.8

86.2

64.3

51.9

36.0

50.7

43.8

35.886.2

33.1

65.6

92.0

56.3

57.3

66.9

26.4

35.4

35.7

82.354.0

80.6

73.9

28.6

57.826.5

66.4

81.2

51.2

53.7

60.1

40.1

65.5

88.1

74.9

68.1

85.8

44.6

50.765.0

72.2

74.475.166.8

59.1

58.1

76.2

77.152.1

40.5

50.1

67.9

76.4

60.0

81.0

67.633.2

29.8

47.6


20

3.5.4. Calculate Neighbourhood Equity Benchmark

There is no obvious benchmark value under which neighbourhoods are clearly facing greater

inequities than other neighbourhoods. As Figure 1 illustrates, when neighbourhood scores are

plotted against their ranked order, there are no large gaps between neighbourhoods. Instead,

there is a smooth line with no clear breaks differentiating neighbourhoods.

Nevertheless, a benchmark is required to facilitate the selection of neighbourhoods as NIAs. To

calculate an objective, quantitative benchmark value, the recommended indicator benchmark

values provided by Urban HEART@Toronto were used. These benchmark values were

established by the Urban HEART@Toronto Benchmark Working Group and are based on one

of four possible benchmarking methods: population quintiles, standard deviations, rate ratios or

external markers. Table 5 summarizes the Urban HEART@Toronto recommended benchmarks

as well as their weighted values based on the weighting scheme described in Sections 3.5.2

and 3.5.3.

More information on the individual indicator benchmarks can be found in the Urban

HEART@Toronto technical documentation at


0

20

40

60

80

100

1 140

Neig

hb

ou

rho

od

Eq

uit

y S

co

re

Neighbourhood Rank

Figure 1: Neighbourhood Equity Score by Ranking



21

The composite Neighbourhood Equity Benchmark was calculated at 42.89 using the same

method used to calculate the Neighbourhood Equity Scores. As illustrated in the map on the

next page, 31 out of 140 neighbourhoods in Toronto fall below this benchmark value.

Table 5. Indicator Benchmark Values

Indicator Urban HEART@Toronto Benchmark

Standardized Value Weighted Value

Unemployment 11.3% 0.521 0.055

Low Income 28.1% 0.509 0.043

Social Assistance 15.1% 0.512 0.058

High School Graduation Medium (Values of "Low" are below benchmark)

0.500 0.037

Marginalization 2.9 (out of 5) 0.792 0.076

Post Secondary Completion 62.1% 0.546 0.060

Municipal Voting Rate 41.4% 0.710 0.035

Community Places for Meeting 8.56 places within 10 min walking distance

0.859 0.020

Walkability 59.48 points (out of 100) 0.693 0.049

Healthy Food Stores 1.36 places within 10 min walking distance

0.929 0.035

Green Space 23.03 spaces 0.885 -0.057

Premature Mortality 271.4 cases per 100,000 pop 0.337 0.014

Mental Health 64.3% 0.658 0.042

Preventable Hospitalizations 292.6 cases per 100,000 pop 0.403 0.031

Diabetes 10.2 cases per 100 pop 0.616 0.072

Weighted Benchmark 0.571

Neighbourhood Equity Benchmark 42.89


22

1

131

14

26

27

7

9

642

70

2

41

11

137

16

21

45

40

17

119

3

136

130

31

132

5

8

39

48

38

87

128

25 52

10

51

4

54

127

120

20

12934

117

43

123

56

36

98

22

23

77

47

33

4950

126

122

135

93

35

118

133

63

30

32

24

18

134

11155

99

82

46

116

12

37

95

62

15

90

53

140

29

44

124

85

58

19

59

103

138

28

139

9692

88

76

68

13 57

81

113

94

65

101

64

89

78

105

86

107

91

115

8071

73

7983

75

125

106

121

108

84

112

114 60

97

110100

102

109

69

67

72

74 66

61

104

Source: Urban HEART @ Toronto, City of Toronto,

Social Policy Analysis & Research.

Copyright (c) 2014 City of Toronto. All Rights Reserved.Published: March 2014

Prepared by: Social Policy Analysis & ResearchContact: [email protected]

/

Neighbourhoods Below Neighbourhood Equity Benchmark

0 1 2 3 4Km

Numbers indicate theneighbourhood number.

Legend

Below Neighbourhood Equity Benchmark


23

3.6. Verification

To ensure that the Neighbourhood Equity Index accurately reflects key patterns of inequity in

Toronto, the NEI was verified by cross-referencing Neighbourhood Equity Scores with data from

other relevant social indicators. Though this verification process does not necessarily include an

exhaustive list of indicators that could be analyzed, it does include indicators that were identified

as important in the TSNS 2020 consultations and are available at a neighbourhood level of

geography.

3.6.1. Population Groups

One of the most prevalent concerns raised by stakeholders about the Neighbourhood Equity

Index was whether or not it sufficiently captures areas of the city with significant concentrations

of equity-seeking groups. This includes children, youth, seniors, newcomers and visible

minorities.

The demographic breakdown in Table 6 suggests that with the exception of seniors,

neighbourhoods falling below the Neighbourhood Equity Benchmark have higher concentrations

of important population subgroups compared to the City of Toronto average. Visible minorities,

in particular, are disproportionately concentrated in below-benchmark neighbourhoods,

capturing the link between racialization and social and health outcomes.

Table 6. Demographic Snapshot

Population Group Neighbourhoods

Below Benchmark Rest of Toronto Toronto Overall

Children 0-14 19% 14% 15%

Youth 15-25 14% 12% 13%

Newcomers 20% 15% 16%

Seniors 65+ 13% 15% 14%

Visible minority 66% 44% 49%

Low-income (After-tax LIM) 26% 17% 19%

Unemployed 13% 8% 9%

Social assistance recipients 18% 8% 10%

Source: 2011 National Household Survey, Wellbeing Toronto


24

3.6.2. Other Social Indicators

Neighbourhood Equity Scores were also checked against a range of other indicators available

through the Wellbeing Toronto application (www.toronto.ca/wellbeing). The expectation is that

the Neighbourhood Equity Index should be strongly related with a range of important social

indicators that are not included in the index. For example, although housing equity and

community safety equity indicators were not available to include in the Urban HEART@Toronto

model at this time, other proxies for these concepts were checked against the Index.

Table 7 summarizes the Pearson correlation coefficient scores between the Neighbourhood

Equity Index and a range of other social indicators. Overall, the Neighbourhood Equity Index is

strongly correlated to indicators measuring the suitability of housing, median property value and

the number of people waiting for social housing. The NEI is also moderately correlated to the

Early Development Instrument, a count of homicides by neighbourhood since 2009, housing

affordability and the major crime rate.

Table 7. Neighbourhood Equity Index Verification

Indicator Correlation Source

Housing Suitability 0.829 National Household Survey

Median Property Value 0.756 National Household Survey

Social Housing Waiting List 0.599 Housing Connections

Early Development Instrument 0.569 Mothercraft

Homicides Since 2009 0.407 Toronto Star Open Data

Housing Affordability 0.349 National Household Survey

Major Crime Rate 0.301 Wellbeing Toronto / TPS

Source: Wellbeing Toronto; 2011 National Household Survey

The NEI is a good spatial match to these social indicators as well, with housing indicators

exhibiting the closest match as can be seen on the maps in Appendix III. Table 8 summarizes

these comparisons by showing how many of the 31 under benchmark neighbourhoods match

the bottom 31 neighbourhoods for a variety of other social indicators. Housing exhibits the best

match, with 77% of the 31 neighbourhoods under the NEI benchmark in the bottom 31

neighbourhoods in terms of housing suitability. Similarly, 74% of the NEI under-benchmark

neighbourhoods are in the lowest 31 neighbourhoods in terms of median property value and

http://www.toronto.ca/wellbeing


25

55% of the NEI under-benchmark neighbourhoods are in the top 31 neighbourhoods in terms of

the number of applicants waiting for social housing.

Table 8. Comparison of NEI Under-Benchmark Neighbourhoods

to Other Social Indicators

Indicator Comparator List % of Under-Benchmark

Neighbourhoods in Comparator List

Housing Suitability Percentage of neighbourhoods with suitable housing

Bottom 31 neighbourhoods

77%

Median Property Value Self-reported property value

Lowest 31 neighbourhoods

74%

Social Housing Waiting List Number of social housing applicants

Top 31 neighbourhoods

55%

Early Development Index Categorized as "Low"

16 neighbourhoods categorized as "low"

69%

Homicides Since 2009 Number of homicides

28 neighbourhoods with 4 or more

homicides since 2009

45%

Housing Affordability Percentage of households spending >30% of income on shelter costs


35%

Major Crime Rate Highest major crime rate (per 10,000 population)


42%


26

4. Next Steps

It is always difficult to achieve consensus on a single composite measure of social wellbeing.

There are countless indices that attempt to, each with their own advantages and disadvantages.

The Neighbourhood Equity Index described here is no different. The NEI was developed with

significant consultation, much healthy debate and rigorous statistical evaluation over many

months.

The NEI does have limitations and contains opportunities for future improvement. Driven by the

need to be immediately implementable, the NEI does not contain some indicators that were

suggested through consultations. In particular, high-quality equity indicators at the

neighbourhood level for housing, safety and transit were flagged as important when evaluating

how neighbourhoods in Toronto are doing. Equity indicators for participation in decision-

making, racism and the strength of the community service system were also flagged as very

important. Unfortunately, these indicators are not currently available for a neighbourhood-level

analysis. There is, however, a significant opportunity to develop these indicators in the future.

Nevertheless, the Neighbourhood Equity Index described here is a suitable scientific and

quantitative approach to identifying NIAs that takes into account the availability and inherent

limitations of data at the current time. The result of this process is an indicator set that considers

carefully the feedback received from Torontonians and well-serves the selection of NIAs for the

Toronto Strong Neighbourhoods Strategy 2020.


27

References

City of Toronto. Neighbourhood Social Infrastructure in Toronto: Strong Neighbourhoods Task

Force Report #4. City of Toronto. April 2005

Krishnan, Vijaya. Constructing an Area-based Socioeconomic Index: A Principal Components

Analysis Approach. Early Child Development Mapping Project Alberta. May 2010.

Murdie, Robert, Jennifer Logan and Richard Maaranen. Eight Canadian Metropolitan Areas:

Who Lived Where in 2006? Cities Centre, University of Toronto. September 2013.


28

Appendix I. Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators

The maps on the following pages illustrate how the 15 indicators contained in the

Neighbourhood Equity Index are distributed spatially in Toronto. Collection, analysis and

verification of the 15 indicators was conducted by the Urban HEART@Toronto team and was

provided to the City of Toronto for use as part of TSNS 2020.

For more information about Urban HEART@Toronto, visit




29

9.9

10.0

7.3

10.0

7.1

11.4

7.2

5.8 13.3

7.6

8.0

9.7

10.0

8.5

9.1

7.3

13.5

10.5

13.0

11.0

10.7

11.2

8.1

8.0

11.3

6.3

9.8

7.8

9.1

8.0

6.7

10.5

8.4

8.8

7.0

10.6

9.4

7.9

9.2

7.4

7.8

7.6

9.8

5.9

11.4

10.6

9.8

10.2

5.1

7.5

9.4

12.7

6.4

11.5

7.9

13.5

9.1

6.5

9.7

7.6

8.8

10.8

11.1

14.8

8.2

13.1 11.1

6.4

5.0

9.9

8.3

10.4

6.4

7.3

8.3

11.8

7.8

5.9

7.9

11.0

6.9

13.6

7.0

6.5

14.1

5.7

8.7

15.78.314.0

7.0

12.3

6.0

7.8

12.8

6.7

11.2

7.8

9.3

10.0

5.1

5.9

15.3

9.9

8.1

7.6

13.0

5.7

8.6

7.0

6.9

9.8

13.6

6.4

14.4

8.27.4

8.6

13.3

6.9

8.4

7.4

10.0

11.6

17.1

10.9

10.8

5.710.1

8.4

7.0

10.1

12.3

11.5 9.6

7.6

15.8

6.516.2

11.1

Source:Urban HEART@Toronto;

City of Toronto, Social Policy Analysis & Research.



/

Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators - Unemployment

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Unemployment

Meets Target

In Between

Below Benchmark

Percent of persons age 15+ in labourforce who are unemployed.


30

13.3

20.8

17.1

21.7

29.0

8.0 28.220.414.0

27.1

23.7

28.1

23.1

12.1

11.8

24.2

27.1

23.6

22.5

27.2

25.8

17.2

8.3

26.8

16.7

16.5

5.6

8.8

24.8

14.5

19.7

11.7

24.9

11.2

11.9

15.9

23.1

10.0

24.7

20.0

9.5

28.1 21.1

16.1

23.1

27.5

9.8

29.9

21.8

10.1

17.5

24.9

28.7

32.3

6.7

26.7

25.3

8.8

14.0

17.1

25.4

17.5

9.4

23.029.1

21.45.8

27.3

28.4

26.2

25.5

33.5

24.1

8.2

22.1

27.1

7.1

32.732.7

15.3

21.3

27.1

24.5

19.1

16.7

20.2

18.6

29.5

27.8

16.6

20.3

34.3

34.1

13.4

18.1

8.6

21.1

16.7

28.0

28.9

11.0

25.4

16.3

16.5

15.4

36.2

20.628.6

16.4

13.5

20.2 22.0

23.0

21.1

17.1

23.6

12.7

9.6

16.6

17.6

18.1

39.321.1

24.8

18.920.4

38.6

27.921.4

19.4

18.7

15.2

28.6

12.9

49.826.731.8

14.235.5

38.1





/

Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators - Low Income

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Low Income

Meets Target

In Between

Below Benchmark

Percent of persons living belowthe after-tax low income measure.


31

6.5

8.5

6.7

16.2

3.8

17.0

7.1

0.4 12.6

4.1

6.5

7.0

11.29.8

6.4

3.4

8.6

8.5

9.9

18.7

10.5

11.3

8.2

13.3

9.5

5.0

2.1

7.2

3.0

3.9

3.2

7.7

10.6

10.9

3.5

5.5

2.7

2.6

4.3

6.6

1.4

9.2

2.4

6.2

11.59.2

10.2

6.6

8.0

5.0

4.94.2

14.4

3.1

23.1

15.4

20.0

3.2

16.3

15.1

20.0

1.6

16.3

1.8

5.9

4.9

2.3

3.4

3.9

8.1

11.4

10.3

9.1

0.8

8.2

15.1

19.2

12.49.0

29.1

14.7

1.2

12.6

6.2

18.3

1.1

19.924.9

6.3

17.6

1.89.4

4.9

13.3

4.9

3.5

22.8

4.1

12.6

19.6

8.4

6.5

21.0

11.4

1.8

10.6

5.1

7.7

2.6

22.3

19.3

4.88.23.3

12.8

4.7

22.0

10.022.8

11.313.3

10.0

15.5

8.212.5

7.4

2.4

11.7

13.615.1

14.6

11.4

21.5

3.8

13.1

24.9

6.6

10.9

16.9

15.0





/

Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators - Social Assistance

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Social Assistance

Meets Target

In Between

Below Benchmark

Percentage of persons who arereceiving social assistance.


32

Ave

Ave

Hi

Hi

Ave

Hi

Low

Hi

Ave

Hi

AveAve Hi

Hi

Hi

Hi

Ave

Hi

Hi

Low

Ave

Ave Hi

Ave

Ave

AveHi

Ave

Ave

Ave

HiHi

Ave

Ave

Ave

Ave

Ave

Ave

Hi

Ave

Hi

Ave

Ave

Hi

Ave

Ave

Hi

Ave

Ave

Ave

Ave

Ave

LowAve

Hi

Low

Ave

Ave

Ave

Ave

Hi

Ave

Low

Ave

Ave

Ave

Hi

Ave

Ave

Ave

Ave

Ave

Ave

Low

Ave

Hi

Ave

Low

Ave

AveAve

Ave

Hi

Ave

Hi

Hi

Ave

Ave

Low

Ave

Ave

Ave

Hi

Ave

Ave

Low

Low

Ave

Ave

Ave

Ave

Low

Ave

Low

Ave

Ave

Ave

Ave

Low

Ave

Ave

Ave

Low

Low

Low

AveLow

Low

Ave

Low

LowAve

Low

AveAve

Low

Ave

Low

Ave

LowAve

Ave

Ave

Ave

LowLow

Ave

AveLow

Ave





/

Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators - High School Graduation

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

High School Graduation

Meets Target

In Between

Below Benchmark

Likelihood of graduating high school.


33

1.6

2.4

2.6

3.0

3.0

3.02.82.4

2.8

2.6

2.4

1.4

2.2

2.0

1.8

2.8

2.6

3.0

2.4

2.6

2.6

1.4

2.8

2.2

2.4

2.8

1.8

3.0

2.4

2.6

2.0

1.6

3.0

1.6

2.4

1.8

2.0

3.0 2.4

1.6

1.63.0

2.8

2.4

2.6

2.0

2.6

3.4

1.4

2.6

2.0

2.4

2.6

3.2

2.2

1.8

2.4

2.2

2.62.8

1.8

2.4

3.2

1.4

3.0

2.8

3.2

3.0

2.6

2.8

1.0

3.2

3.41.6

3.2

1.8

2.4

1.8

2.6

2.8

1.8

2.6

2.0

1.6

2.2

2.6

3.2

2.8

2.8

3.22.0

3.2

1.8

1.0

2.0

2.8

2.0

2.6

3.4

3.0

2.02.6

1.8

2.0

3.2

2.8

2.2

3.4

1.8

1.4

3.0 2.6

2.6

2.6

2.8

2.4

1.6

2.4

2.0

1.2

2.4

3.42.2

2.4

2.21.8

2.0

2.22.6

1.8

1.8

2.8

2.2

2.0

2.6

1.8

3.0

2.42.8

3.2





/

Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators - Marginalization

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Marginalization

Meets Target

In Between

Below Benchmark

Ontario Marginalization Index 2006


34

67.0

55.3

74.6

50.1

59.3

59.759.380.7

58.1

67.8

54.2

89.1

57.8

71.6

75.9

47.3

60.6

61.0

71.9

64.4

57.2

84.4

60.0

63.6

73.0

58.9

65.8

52.5

59.6

64.5

74.3

80.1

66.1

76.6

81.6

83.7

82.8

37.5 83.4

72.5

82.248.3

57.5

85.7

65.0

63.5

72.9

68.2

85.1

76.1

90.0

48.7

60.4

54.0

56.8

85.4

77.5

78.0

81.780.6

69.8

60.8

77.4

82.3

56.5

50.3

73.5

40.9

66.3

56.5

89.7

57.9

66.686.3 56.4

79.6

73.5

79.0

51.1

85.2

85.0

67.0

72.4

88.8

69.7

79.6

53.3

54.4

57.6

62.087.3

64.1

73.1

91.7

67.2

62.9

69.1

50.1

50.4

54.2

87.158.4

81.2

80.6

61.7

65.141.6

76.1

80.0

62.3 70.2

64.8

39.4

73.3

66.6

88.0

84.1

74.5

83.2

44.3

65.571.1

42.2

76.380.4

71.0

81.468.1

85.4

61.3

64.1

67.2

81.9

61.189.282.1

91.5

71.867.4

69.5





/

Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators - Post-Secondary Completion

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Post-Secondary Completion

Below Benchmark

In Between

Meets Target

Percentage of persons age 26-65with post-secondary certificate,diploma or degree.


35

45.0

44.0

46.4

41.7

36.0

43.848.150.4

43.0

52.5

38.0

43.1

39.7

48.3

50.4

42.5

41.7

45.9

48.7

46.0

39.1

42.9

43.2

50.7

46.3

40.5

53.1

45.7

43.6

52.1

52.1

47.0

46.0

46.7

39.1

46.9

54.7

42.1 54.8

41.4

52.543.0

41.6

36.7

52.2

47.9

44.8

47.3

58.3

38.3

55.0

37.1

38.3

40.4

49.1

51.5

41.0

42.0

42.239.2

53.9

44.8

40.5

53.6

45.6

42.4

43.6

45.0

40.8

49.9

51.3

43.2

52.552.8 44.3

53.8

43.6

48.3

41.6

45.9

49.8

52.5

52.7

54.3

43.9

45.1

43.9

47.3

49.5

52.848.0

45.9

49.8

54.9

41.9

42.5

55.8

38.1

45.8

42.6

53.541.4

53.8

51.3

48.3

44.639.6

52.9

54.3

41.2 51.7

44.9

36.8

49.0

48.3

50.2

47.9

54.1

55.5

37.6

37.446.7

39.9

47.158.0

46.6

34.546.7

48.5

43.3

49.0

51.1

57.0

52.939.747.8

50.9

50.746.1

50.6





/

Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators - Municipal Voting Rate

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Municipal Voting Rate

Below Benchmark

In Between

Meets Target

Percent of eligible voters who votedin the last municipal election.


36

3.4

7.9

9.1

9.2

12.2

8.06.2

7.6

13.7

7.4

4.5

7.3

8.7

9.6

8.7

8.8

5.6

5.6

3.7

9.3

29.3

16.7

5.4

12.1

6.5

5.0

9.5

6.1

8.6

10.3

6.4

4.2

4.1

14.5

6.4

7.5

7.6

8.5

9.1

10.0

10.6

13.6

5.08.8

10.4

14.8

14.6

3.4

11.3

17.8 17.7

13.8

11.6

13.2

13.9

10.5

19.4

10.8

10.8

14.9

13.6

8.6

9.4

34.6

3.8

12.6

13.8

14.8

15.2

17.1

16.8

13.6

12.4

14.9

10.7

9.0

10.310.1 10.7

25.0

12.2

8.4

10.2

20.8

25.7

20.8

10.0

25.9

15.3

16.1

8.5

12.5

18.513.8

21.2

14.4

13.4

19.1

18.5

13.7

13.5

16.4

11.5

27.3

22.8

12.9

13.519.1

31.7

24.7 18.5

34.0

24.0

19.1

26.7

11.9

23.2

23.3

14.7

15.6

29.329.8

26.9

31.030.1

39.9

29.326.1

14.9

25.1

22.0

30.1

18.2

36.620.126.8

13.2

23.712.6

21.1





/

Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators - Community Places for Meeting

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Community Places for Meeting

Below Benchmark

In Between

Meets Target

Average number of meeting places within a 10 minute walking distancefrom each residential block.


37

42.0

57.0

72.0

59.0

60.0

66.067.067.0

66.0

91.0

65.0

58.0

61.0

57.0

67.0

61.0

66.0

64.0

63.0

69.0

66.0

60.0

65.0

54.0

71.0

68.0

71.0

72.0

53.0

51.0

49.0

73.0

64.0

54.0

68.0

77.0

79.0

61.0 71.0

54.0

48.061.0

56.0

84.0

67.0

70.0

61.0

71.0

77.0

69.0

84.0

61.0

61.0

58.0

57.0

92.0

79.0

63.0

57.064.0

59.0

88.0

61.0

88.0

62.0

62.0

70.0

62.0

79.0

54.0

72.0

62.0

73.088.0 70.0

84.0

66.0

69.0

48.0

78.0

94.0

58.0

85.0

68.0

83.0

76.0

73.0

66.0

58.0

63.076.0

83.0

69.0

78.0

72.0

82.0

77.0

59.0

60.0

70.0

80.079.0

84.0

80.0

71.0

81.062.0

70.0

90.0

74.0 74.0

94.0

69.0

86.0

88.0

89.0

77.0

85.0

81.0

69.0

97.091.0

75.0

95.091.0

95.0

97.090.0

95.0

88.0

73.0

89.0

90.0

88.099.098.0

84.0

86.077.0

93.0





/

Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators - Walkability

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Walkability

Below Benchmark

In Between

Meets Target

Walkscore.com score between 0 (not verywalkable) and 100 (very walkable).


38

0.6

1.4

1.6

2.2

1.6

2.93.21.4

1.3

8.3

2.4

0.9

2.0

0.5

2.0

2.2

3.2

3.2

1.1

2.3

3.6

0.9

3.2

0.9

2.3

4.5

1.8

3.6

0.8

0.9

0.8

5.3

2.2

1.1

0.9

3.6

4.6

3.5 1.1

0.5

0.52.2

0.8

2.8

1.6

0.6

1.6

1.2

2.0

1.9

2.9

2.1

0.8

4.2

2.3

8.7

1.4

3.9

0.81.5

0.6

1.0

2.7

2.4

4.2

6.0

1.7

2.1

2.6

2.2

2.1

2.14.5

2.2

3.3

1.5

1.6

1.0

3.1

7.6

2.1

10.1

5.4

1.2

5.1

0.7

6.2

2.4

1.7

0.82.7

5.6

4.6

4.8

0.6

5.5

6.7

1.6

3.3

3.1

2.5

3.7

4.2

2.9

6.03.4

1.9

7.3

0.7 7.8

5.4

6.4

2.3

4.0

3.4

3.5

5.0

4.6

7.6

9.4

9.9

11.6

6.3

10.1

1.7

1.9

22.3

11.7

11.0

11.4 12.3 5.7

8.3

10.49.7

13.0

7.56.5

12.4

8.8





/

Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators - Healthy Food Stores

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Healthy Food Stores

Below Benchmark

In Between

Meets Target

Average number of healthier foodstores within a 10 minute walkingdistance from each residential block.


39

90.7

58.2

40.3

64.5

64.4

57.326.856.8

57.5

22.9

44.2

59.8

32.2

70.1

51.6

90.8

22.2

46.7

41.7

53.6

27.6

35.0

38.8

44.6

31.9

23.0

35.4

15.9

42.1

91.3

17.5

34.2

36.8

60.4

56.4

81.4

65.9 52.5

36.9

53.588.7

54.2

33.1

69.2

30.6

91.6

55.5

62.4

34.2

66.5

82.6

48.1

96.0

103.874.1

20.3

37.8

27.1

84.134.9

55.1

19.1

87.4

41.3

37.5

38.2

13.4

64.1

27.7

22.9

33.6

49.6 38.6

61.3

19.6

56.3

48.4

21.5

72.3

25.4

67.6

15.2

105.1

41.0

48.7

32.5

110.2

51.1

24.8

113.5

38.7

62.7

25.0

50.6

17.7

18.5

95.2

34.0

36.4

31.0

103.2

32.1

41.0

31.6

62.4

15.839.2

87.5

48.5

26.5 48.8

25.3

30.6

19.2

33.0

26.5

13.9

35.0

22.4

36.0

13.721.4

32.2

11.320.250.8

20.5

14.0

39.7

17.3

45.5

17.6

48.7

34.423.522.3

47.0

13.362.0

51.4





/

Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators - Green Space

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Green Space

Below Benchmark

In Between

Meets Target

Average amount of green space perkm2 in a 1km circular buffer from eachresidential block.


40

201.1

208.0

216.2

225.6

211.3

189.6205.7163.5

118.0

268.3

318.2

147.1

196.8

181.4

177.2

231.9

161.9

215.3

188.1

271.7

139.2

146.7

172.9

253.2

248.8

197.5

317.6

201.3

239.9

119.1

167.6

187.2

163.9

170.2

140.7

139.0

184.6

214.9 127.5

154.2

174.6264.6

199.9

144.5

246.9

256.9

148.3

253.5

145.4

173.6

143.0

220.8

137.3

177.0

175.7

217.3

146.1

176.8

158.7180.5

208.2

225.2

200.5

223.8

273.8

225.4

231.6

228.3

334.0

244.6

133.4

228.3

214.1176.6 236.1

257.5

143.5

198.2

173.9

186.1

211.0

234.1

335.3

132.7

274.0

311.3

154.1

205.6

261.4

196.3135.1

421.3

229.2

162.0

304.9

222.8

225.7

249.3

184.4

243.5

179.7181.4

214.0

149.3

315.9

205.0306.7

187.8

254.5

216.1

229.5

206.5

232.0

227.5

163.8

138.2

222.9

227.8293.8

206.3 246.4183.6 301.1

233.6

294.2297.6

339.3

204.3

257.4

367.4

573.0

352.0

195.4

271.4

253.5

148.9

258.2284.4

403.9

323.1





/

Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators - Premature Mortality

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Premature Mortality

Meets Target

In Between

Below Benchmark

Age-adjusted number of deaths underage of 75 per 100,000 population ageunder 75.


41

72.2

72.9

75.5

67.4

60.6

64.161.178.7

82.2

72.9

78.2

88.9

74.7

71.8

80.2

49.0

70.4

76.1

60.3

74.7

61.1

89.9

74.6

81.1

81.4

72.5

78.4

65.0

72.1

71.3

78.6

87.0

80.0

79.3

76.0

76.3

74.9

61.5 64.5

78.2

75.472.9

82.3

72.3

71.5

80.0

78.7

68.7

77.7

68.8

86.6

61.7

74.1

75.2

93.5

81.4

71.9

81.0

84.379.4

69.5

62.1

54.5

84.0

87.1

82.9

66.4

58.4

80.5

63.7

83.7

72.3

73.576.6 78.2

74.0

78.0

90.3

62.8

73.3

63.5

77.0

96.8

74.8

63.8

71.3

69.0

68.7

73.992.5

57.3

67.5

76.0

81.0

69.5

58.1

65.8

73.8

63.4

90.065.4

86.1

77.3

75.8

65.265.7

72.2

78.2

66.7 64.7

63.5

74.8

74.5

65.1

72.8

71.2

80.9

77.5

67.3

65.275.5

63.2

67.985.9

76.1

83.877.2

74.4

62.5

71.9

58.0

69.7

61.385.481.7

83.7

64.647.4

69.8





/

Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators - Mental Health

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Mental Health

Below Benchmark

In Between

Meets Target

Percentage of those age 20+ reportingvery good or excellent mental health.

(Note: Insufficient sample size for Willowdale West)


42

236

311

215

231

280

281290137

373

334

121

154

251

187

187

280

184

89

250

231

328

163

148

215

245

79

86

317

327

346

252

238

262

185

100

198

170

135

149

155

319 164

141

306

306

104

353

294

79

174

308

203

285

139

259

255

165

156

196

161128211

214

277

148

293

299

254

316

327

315

277

361

140 314

287

185

188

240

202

236

157

344

170

301

250

165

291

179

391

263123

537

267

148

390

239

273

341

237

373

197

264

195

195

308

236

164

325

187

154

328252

202

226

317

327

123

150

350

139

214

209365

322

262328

609

231240

194

395

395

186

249

229

497

392

282

332325

165

Source:Urban HEART @ Toronto;




/

Urban HEART @ Toronto Indicators - Preventable Hospitalizations

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Neighbourhoods

Preventable Hospitalizations

Meets Target

In Between

Below Benchmark

Age and sex adjusted number of ambulatorycare sensitive condition hospitalizations per100,000 population.


43

13.5

12.1

8.3

10.8

6.5

8.2

10.4

9.0

4.5 12.5

8.2

6.7

9.5

8.4

9.5

10.4

5.7

9.5

7.5

12.0

14.0

8.2

12.7

11.5

9.7

6.8

5.6

9.4

9.5

7.5

6.4

5.4

10.9

6.0

6.3

10.1

6.0

9.8

8.5

8.5

4.9

8.0

4.1

9.0

12.4

10.8

6.1

7.6

8.7

7.16.8

13.1

8.1

9.5

12.7

12.4

8.9

10.7

10.7

4.7

8.8

8.9

10.3

11.7

12.9

4.2

5.0

7.0

10.9

8.5

7.6

7.3

5.5

8.7

8.0

5.0

8.4

8.3

11.5

12.2

11.2

12.7

4.7

9.8

8.0

11.6

12.8

4.7

8.0

9.112.4

8.5

11.3

4.6

11.4

9.2

5.5

7.0

9.9

5.1

10.9

6.2

6.2

10.6

10.2

9.2 7.9

8.7

8.1

8.6

4.811.2 6.6

7.6

6.8

8.37.5

12.4

11.6

7.06.6

7.8

6.08.5

11.8

6.5

6.0

12.5

11.8

9.3

8.1

4.2

10.6

10.9

8.1

6.7

11.4

8.310.9

10.3





/

Urban HEART@Toronto Indicators - Diabetes

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Diabetes

Meets Target

In Between

Below Benchmark

Age and sex adjusted number ofpersons age 20+ with diabetes per100 population.


44

Appendix II. Standardized Urban HEART@Toronto Indicator Values (Lower scores are better)

Neighbourhood U

ne

mp

loym

en

t

Lo

w

Inc

om

e

So

cia

l

Ass

ista

nc

e

Hig

h S

ch

oo

l

Gra

du

ati

on

Ma

rgin

ali

za

tio

n

Po

st

Se

co

nd

ary

Vo

tin

g

Me

eti

ng

Pla

ce

s

Wa

lka

bil

ity

Hea

lth

y F

oo

d

Gre

en

Sp

ac

e

Mo

rta

lity

Me

nta

l H

ea

lth

Ho

sp

ita

liza

tio

ns

Dia

be

tes

1 West Humber-Clairville

0.413 0.344 0.283 0.500 0.583 0.672 0.602 0.876 0.737 0.923 0.541 0.198 0.484 0.437 0.808

2 Mount Olive-Silverstone-Jamestown

0.810 0.604 0.684 0.500 0.583 0.793 0.889 0.805 0.667 0.873 0.302 0.226 0.711 0.389 0.889

3 Thistletown-Beaumond Heights

0.496 0.373 0.425 0.500 0.750 0.649 0.352 0.754 0.789 0.827 0.082 0.278 0.670 0.445 0.717

4 Rexdale-Kipling 0.512 0.332 0.426 0.500 0.750 0.629 0.372 0.750 0.719 0.901 0.611 0.315 0.569 0.589 0.657

5 Elms-Old Rexdale 0.603 0.487 0.601 1.000 0.667 0.749 0.702 0.815 0.895 0.961 0.000 0.123 0.688 0.303 0.727

6 Kingsview Village-The Westway

0.364 0.495 0.684 0.500 0.750 0.631 0.701 0.917 0.754 0.971 0.580 0.180 0.294 0.427 0.667

7 Willowridge-Martingrove-Richview

0.256 0.234 0.318 0.500 0.667 0.502 0.262 0.915 0.842 0.962 0.698 0.109 0.516 0.345 0.566

8 Humber Heights-Westmount

0.273 0.251 0.268 0.500 0.667 0.456 0.245 0.835 0.719 0.871 0.403 0.204 0.674 0.147 0.465

9 Edenbridge-Humber Valley

0.248 0.139 0.161 0.500 0.417 0.321 0.261 0.956 0.877 0.976 0.217 0.152 0.368 0.199 0.273

10 Princess-Rosethorn 0.165 0.062 0.078 0.000 0.250 0.175 0.243 0.979 0.895 1.000 0.587 0.124 0.433 0.018 0.222

11 Eringate-Centennial-West Deane

0.215 0.147 0.129 0.500 0.417 0.371 0.420 0.894 0.737 0.994 0.424 0.139 0.506 0.203 0.414

12 Markland Wood 0.273 0.087 0.065 0.000 0.333 0.234 0.421 0.859 0.526 0.906 0.560 0.176 0.132 0.205 0.354

13 Etobicoke West Mall 0.405 0.329 0.334 0.500 0.833 0.542 0.716 0.417 0.439 0.978 0.851 0.216 0.609 0.470 0.515

14 Islington-City Centre West

0.190 0.261 0.218 0.500 0.667 0.315 0.502 0.844 0.474 0.909 0.716 0.216 0.431 0.256 0.424


45

Neighbourhood U

ne

mp

loym

en

t

Lo

w

Inc

om

e

So

cia

l

Ass

ista

nc

e

Hig

h S

ch

oo

l

Gra

du

ati

on

Ma

rgin

ali

za

tio

n

Po

st

Se

co

nd

ary

Vo

tin

g

Me

eti

ng

Pla

ce

s

Wa

lka

bil

ity

Hea

lth

y F

oo

d

Gre

en

Sp

ac

e

Mo

rta

lity

Me

nta

l H

ea

lth

Ho

sp

ita

liza

tio

ns

Dia

be

tes

15 Kingsway South 0.074 0.005 0.013 0.000 0.250 0.054 0.169 0.819 0.544 0.939 0.449 0.032 0.000 0.172 0.091

16 Stonegate-Queensway

0.248 0.141 0.210 0.500 0.333 0.292 0.333 0.855 0.561 0.874 0.605 0.130 0.336 0.203 0.263

17 Mimico 0.190 0.246 0.332 0.500 0.583 0.345 0.504 0.838 0.491 0.856 0.799 0.287 0.312 0.448 0.343

18 New Toronto 0.314 0.418 0.498 0.500 0.667 0.469 0.736 0.721 0.351 0.869 0.839 0.475 0.330 0.468 0.485

19 Long Branch 0.306 0.283 0.356 0.500 0.417 0.452 0.688 0.846 0.474 0.990 0.615 0.411 0.320 0.587 0.394

20 Alderwood 0.198 0.102 0.137 0.500 0.417 0.520 0.439 0.889 0.509 0.988 0.811 0.305 0.340 0.406 0.444

21 Humber Summit 0.496 0.420 0.448 0.500 0.750 0.819 0.662 0.761 0.667 0.858 0.222 0.250 0.968 0.379 0.869

22 Humbermede 0.669 0.445 0.556 0.500 0.917 0.696 0.750 0.562 0.719 0.701 0.171 0.130 0.437 0.340 0.768

23 Pelmo Park-Humberlea

0.397 0.191 0.305 0.500 0.500 0.644 0.389 0.797 0.737 0.853 0.385 0.127 0.067 0.331 0.687

24 Black Creek 0.711 0.630 1.000 1.000 0.833 0.937 0.560 0.632 0.649 0.901 0.483 0.242 0.777 0.446 0.869

25 Glenfield-Jane Heights

0.702 0.509 0.793 1.000 0.833 1.000 0.679 0.605 0.667 0.758 0.466 0.213 0.715 0.452 0.869

26 Downsview-Roding-CFB

0.413 0.365 0.551 1.000 0.833 0.768 0.698 0.759 0.702 0.861 0.479 0.236 0.595 0.286 0.677

27 York University Heights

0.529 0.530 0.580 0.500 0.833 0.598 0.937 0.719 0.684 0.912 0.480 0.205 0.733 0.380 0.636

28 Rustic 0.777 0.526 0.660 0.500 1.000 0.762 0.526 0.717 0.684 0.770 0.778 0.146 0.466 0.297 0.838

29 Maple Leaf 0.157 0.249 0.300 1.000 0.750 0.688 0.461 0.652 0.579 0.849 0.793 0.193 0.563 0.188 0.687

30 Brookhaven-Amesbury

0.388 0.467 0.657 0.500 0.750 0.764 0.667 0.677 0.649 0.700 0.737 0.236 0.281 0.415 0.747

31 Yorkdale-Glen Park 0.430 0.318 0.342 0.500 0.833 0.723 0.528 0.722 0.474 0.747 0.955 0.183 0.644 0.326 0.677

32 Englemount-Lawrence

0.215 0.450 0.417 0.500 0.917 0.336 0.616 0.624 0.509 0.560 0.979 0.250 0.615 0.331 0.475

33 Clanton Park 0.207 0.269 0.161 0.000 0.500 0.253 0.684 0.721 0.632 0.727 0.845 0.129 0.320 0.221 0.465


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34 Bathurst Manor 0.231 0.269 0.216 0.500 0.667 0.347 0.567 0.733 0.667 0.913 0.215 0.067 0.366 0.178 0.444

35 Westminster-Branson 0.339 0.492 0.384 0.500 0.917 0.264 0.748 0.747 0.667 0.960 0.255 0.181 0.856 0.249 0.485

36 Newtonbrook West 0.397 0.523 0.307 0.500 0.667 0.288 0.838 0.775 0.526 0.883 0.776 0.122 0.567 0.234 0.394

37 Willowdale West 0.116 0.428 0.105 0.500 0.750 0.120 0.519 0.523 0.368 0.789 0.637 0.150 0.509 0.232 0.323

38 Lansing-Westgate 0.248 0.327 0.097 0.000 0.333 0.148 0.479 0.688 0.386 0.747 0.558 0.046 0.415 0.132 0.232

39 Bedford Park-Nortown

0.107 0.127 0.058 0.500 0.250 0.214 0.474 0.807 0.456 0.612 0.939 0.002 0.198 0.038 0.152

40 St. Andrew-Windfields

0.289 0.263 0.103 0.000 0.167 0.135 0.646 0.941 0.684 0.963 0.768 0.063 0.140 0.130 0.162

41 Bridle Path-Sunnybrook-York Mills

0.066 0.055 0.000 0.000 0.167 0.048 0.639 0.969 0.719 0.965 0.525 0.064 0.160 0.141 0.040

42 Banbury-Don Mills 0.174 0.190 0.119 0.000 0.583 0.203 0.331 0.923 0.561 0.928 0.555 0.100 0.366 0.110 0.242

43 Victoria Village 0.479 0.437 0.512 1.000 1.000 0.434 0.462 0.886 0.491 0.942 0.568 0.298 0.569 0.432 0.626

44 Flemingdon Park 0.851 0.650 0.670 0.500 0.917 0.548 0.230 0.586 0.632 0.970 0.101 0.172 0.464 0.348 0.616

45 Parkwoods-Donalda 0.512 0.382 0.355 0.500 0.583 0.365 0.402 0.856 0.632 0.950 0.703 0.154 0.739 0.286 0.434

46 Pleasant View 0.405 0.354 0.156 0.000 0.583 0.336 0.617 0.758 0.579 0.916 0.919 0.056 0.381 0.200 0.444

47 Don Valley Village 0.504 0.449 0.264 0.500 0.583 0.262 0.728 0.685 0.351 0.929 0.741 0.062 0.504 0.145 0.354

48 Hillcrest Village 0.339 0.433 0.122 0.000 0.583 0.186 0.807 0.857 0.544 0.962 0.519 0.050 0.421 0.105 0.343

49 Bayview Woods-Steeles

0.446 0.395 0.157 0.000 0.667 0.185 0.675 0.956 0.737 0.974 0.287 0.089 0.253 0.155 0.303

50 Newtonbrook East 0.364 0.531 0.131 0.000 0.750 0.205 0.802 0.852 0.614 0.917 0.769 0.137 0.352 0.091 0.273

51 Willowdale East 0.240 0.549 0.077 0.500 0.583 0.111 0.909 0.607 0.263 0.810 0.786 0.058 0.496 0.046 0.192

52 Bayview Village 0.281 0.351 0.109 0.000 0.583 0.153 0.148 0.919 0.491 0.952 0.597 0.021 0.654 0.160 0.192


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53 Henry Farm 0.645 0.540 0.448 0.500 0.667 0.223 0.553 0.990 0.404 0.980 0.709 0.079 0.668 0.323 0.424

54 O'Connor-Parkview 0.347 0.365 0.554 0.500 0.667 0.493 0.257 0.716 0.561 0.913 0.433 0.283 0.512 0.518 0.576

55 Thorncliffe Park 0.884 0.612 0.679 0.500 1.000 0.463 0.244 0.811 0.456 0.872 0.032 0.211 0.472 0.533 0.758

56 Leaside-Bennington 0.215 0.000 0.034 0.000 0.167 0.122 0.000 0.859 0.386 0.876 0.500 0.060 0.387 0.000 0.081

57 Broadview North 0.488 0.371 0.380 1.000 0.667 0.397 0.280 0.587 0.439 0.416 0.633 0.245 0.650 0.327 0.384

58 Old East York 0.124 0.176 0.203 0.500 0.333 0.343 0.358 0.700 0.526 0.667 0.497 0.244 0.593 0.354 0.394

59 Danforth East York 0.165 0.251 0.204 0.500 0.417 0.417 0.106 0.586 0.386 0.498 0.929 0.237 0.783 0.366 0.444

60 Woodbine-Lumsden 0.281 0.217 0.245 0.500 0.500 0.509 0.392 0.491 0.456 0.902 0.666 0.298 0.504 0.596 0.404

61 Crescent Town 0.926 0.676 0.575 1.000 0.750 0.448 0.512 0.748 0.386 0.516 0.504 0.366 1.000 0.464 0.687

62 East End-Danforth 0.231 0.330 0.304 0.500 0.417 0.356 0.235 0.522 0.246 0.606 0.862 0.478 0.401 0.500 0.394

63 The Beaches 0.124 0.096 0.096 0.500 0.167 0.173 0.200 0.714 0.193 0.825 0.706 0.233 0.259 0.129 0.061

64 Woodbine Corridor 0.165 0.272 0.255 0.500 0.417 0.317 0.179 0.455 0.246 0.759 0.768 0.486 0.322 0.510 0.354

65 Greenwood-Coxwell 0.421 0.408 0.422 1.000 0.583 0.463 0.420 0.362 0.193 0.851 0.788 0.395 0.642 0.467 0.455

66 Danforth 0.124 0.195 0.217 0.500 0.583 0.367 0.318 0.445 0.228 0.441 0.980 0.308 0.652 0.478 0.424

67 Playter Estates-Danforth

0.215 0.166 0.117 0.500 0.333 0.181 0.057 0.595 0.158 0.372 0.634 0.254 0.549 0.283 0.263

68 North Riverdale 0.074 0.180 0.129 0.500 0.167 0.216 0.169 0.224 0.158 0.457 0.636 0.300 0.377 0.141 0.212

69 Blake-Jones 0.380 0.520 0.444 0.500 0.667 0.452 0.302 0.269 0.175 0.581 0.939 0.402 0.785 0.320 0.404

70 South Riverdale 0.182 0.410 0.352 1.000 0.667 0.441 0.245 0.290 0.140 0.372 0.886 0.440 0.484 0.480 0.414

71 Cabbagetown-South St. James Town

0.198 0.335 0.271 0.500 0.333 0.208 0.015 0.269 0.140 0.106 0.613 0.548 0.221 0.469 0.253

72 Regent Park 0.893 1.000 0.855 1.000 0.833 0.565 0.227 0.091 0.193 0.265 0.774 0.628 0.785 0.788 0.737

73 Moss Park 0.298 0.746 0.737 1.000 0.417 0.382 0.493 0.000 0.070 0.162 0.909 1.000 0.419 1.000 0.374


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74 North St. James Town

0.504 0.735 0.510 0.500 0.917 0.410 0.324 0.516 0.105 0.335 0.608 0.451 0.547 0.591 0.626

75 Church-Yonge Corridor

0.281 0.592 0.366 1.000 0.333 0.177 0.444 0.358 0.018 0.048 0.892 0.514 0.306 0.382 0.242

76 Bay Street Corridor 0.355 0.476 0.108 0.500 0.500 0.046 0.782 0.542 0.000 0.000 0.881 0.387 0.231 0.159 0.101

77 Waterfront Communities-The Island

0.008 0.260 0.216 0.500 0.333 0.116 0.288 0.798 0.123 0.345 0.912 0.218 0.312 0.161 0.202

78 Kensington-Chinatown

0.421 0.761 0.461 1.000 1.000 0.483 0.877 0.291 0.035 0.000 0.976 0.241 0.640 0.245 0.424

79 University 0.537 0.505 0.101 0.000 0.500 0.190 1.000 0.292 0.035 0.057 1.000 0.282 0.263 0.287 0.192

80 Palmerston-Little Italy 0.264 0.302 0.154 0.500 0.500 0.284 0.470 0.244 0.070 0.249 0.913 0.194 0.585 0.346 0.293

81 Trinity-Bellwoods 0.256 0.394 0.279 1.000 0.667 0.496 0.563 0.161 0.088 0.233 0.862 0.195 0.674 0.232 0.465

82 Niagara 0.000 0.220 0.192 0.500 0.333 0.223 0.190 0.408 0.263 0.777 0.511 0.307 0.462 0.392 0.293

83 Dufferin Grove 0.157 0.358 0.383 0.500 0.667 0.435 0.488 0.379 0.158 0.124 0.973 0.144 0.397 0.304 0.444

84 Little Portugal 0.058 0.295 0.270 0.500 0.750 0.561 0.630 0.407 0.193 0.208 0.941 0.337 0.694 0.597 0.525

85 South Parkdale 0.661 0.643 0.720 1.000 0.917 0.509 0.523 0.512 0.281 0.586 0.731 0.667 0.800 0.865 0.576

86 Roncesvalles 0.116 0.350 0.512 0.500 0.500 0.380 0.488 0.276 0.140 0.430 0.901 0.386 0.431 0.539 0.343

87 High Park-Swansea 0.140 0.143 0.255 0.000 0.417 0.164 0.153 0.694 0.351 0.671 0.314 0.146 0.443 0.142 0.131

88 High Park North 0.231 0.246 0.158 0.000 0.333 0.194 0.190 0.468 0.263 0.743 0.710 0.211 0.217 0.219 0.141

89 Runnymede-Bloor West Village

0.157 0.068 0.076 0.000 0.083 0.157 0.117 0.692 0.316 0.640 0.891 0.190 0.391 0.112 0.273

90 Junction Area 0.240 0.294 0.273 0.500 0.500 0.406 0.605 0.384 0.281 0.629 0.962 0.343 0.445 0.420 0.434

91 Weston-Pellam Park 0.603 0.433 0.495 1.000 0.583 0.913 0.773 0.356 0.421 0.290 0.796 0.306 0.680 0.459 0.687

92 Corso Italia-Davenport

0.413 0.241 0.314 1.000 0.667 0.614 0.709 0.346 0.351 0.107 0.796 0.139 0.636 0.348 0.515


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93 Dovercourt-Wallace Emerson-Junction

0.240 0.357 0.344 1.000 0.583 0.570 0.569 0.144 0.193 0.233 0.923 0.236 0.702 0.373 0.545

94 Wychwood 0.215 0.261 0.213 0.500 0.750 0.339 0.391 0.570 0.228 0.528 0.923 0.241 0.451 0.448 0.404

95 Annex 0.190 0.307 0.123 0.500 0.333 0.124 0.357 0.390 0.088 0.428 0.900 0.255 0.476 0.295 0.141

96 Casa Loma 0.083 0.122 0.048 0.500 0.417 0.085 0.201 0.643 0.333 0.839 0.807 0.136 0.138 0.222 0.051

97 Yonge-St. Clair 0.165 0.092 0.070 0.500 0.417 0.004 0.313 0.731 0.263 0.887 0.651 0.068 0.265 0.202 0.010

98 Rosedale-Moore Park 0.074 0.073 0.070 0.500 0.417 0.031 0.141 0.713 0.263 0.806 0.460 0.056 0.206 0.013 0.000

99 Mount Pleasant East 0.116 0.072 0.048 0.000 0.250 0.100 0.231 0.817 0.193 0.677 0.625 0.129 0.409 0.115 0.091

100 Yonge-Eglinton 0.058 0.161 0.048 0.000 0.250 0.068 0.339 0.458 0.175 0.715 0.851 0.101 0.486 0.082 0.071

101 Forest Hill South 0.165 0.060 0.028 0.000 0.417 0.081 0.433 0.715 0.404 0.822 0.868 0.038 0.087 0.082 0.061

102 Forest Hill North 0.298 0.249 0.162 0.000 0.583 0.140 0.437 0.768 0.386 0.765 0.975 0.044 0.518 0.134 0.253

103 Lawrence Park South 0.264 0.026 0.041 0.000 0.000 0.037 0.297 0.685 0.474 0.859 0.887 0.034 0.265 0.000 0.010

104 Mount Pleasant West 0.198 0.311 0.149 0.500 0.333 0.116 0.411 0.686 0.070 0.532 0.722 0.170 0.453 0.216 0.192

105 Lawrence Park North 0.058 0.033 0.025 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.142 0.727 0.368 0.657 0.866 0.097 0.421 0.129 0.061

106 Humewood-Cedarvale

0.140 0.222 0.158 0.500 0.417 0.205 0.293 0.740 0.333 0.698 0.802 0.069 0.395 0.218 0.293

107 Oakwood Village 0.273 0.351 0.385 0.500 0.750 0.531 0.664 0.571 0.298 0.601 0.937 0.230 0.553 0.301 0.505

108 Briar Hill-Belgravia 0.231 0.340 0.335 0.500 0.750 0.491 0.577 0.724 0.316 0.556 0.956 0.191 0.640 0.296 0.586

109 Caledonia-Fairbank 0.397 0.283 0.394 1.000 0.583 0.875 0.869 0.666 0.526 0.669 0.758 0.231 0.597 0.255 0.657

110 Keelesdale-Eglinton West

0.479 0.350 0.528 1.000 0.667 0.965 0.902 0.435 0.526 0.606 0.811 0.251 0.445 0.277 0.778

111 Rockcliffe-Smythe 0.537 0.397 0.522 1.000 0.833 0.801 0.643 0.785 0.667 0.865 0.243 0.322 0.484 0.428 0.667

112 Beechborough-Greenbrook

0.545 0.520 0.780 1.000 1.000 0.924 0.785 0.569 0.649 0.767 0.727 0.415 0.630 0.463 0.848


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113 Weston 0.413 0.502 0.783 1.000 0.917 0.708 0.603 0.675 0.456 0.543 0.634 0.425 0.516 0.401 0.737

114 Lambton Baby Point 0.008 0.244 0.448 0.500 0.333 0.288 0.230 0.860 0.509 0.889 0.255 0.153 0.498 0.204 0.212

115 Mount Dennis 0.711 0.508 0.765 1.000 0.667 0.768 0.848 0.863 0.702 0.912 0.179 0.289 0.628 0.495 0.717

116 Steeles 0.504 0.478 0.201 0.500 0.667 0.577 0.841 0.844 0.667 0.975 0.640 0.042 0.460 0.113 0.495

117 L'Amoreaux 0.463 0.480 0.284 0.500 0.750 0.585 0.633 0.695 0.596 0.782 0.731 0.121 0.449 0.256 0.606

118 Tam O'Shanter-Sullivan

0.397 0.396 0.237 0.500 0.833 0.472 0.519 0.834 0.614 0.858 0.776 0.101 0.340 0.224 0.535

119 Wexford/Maryvale 0.413 0.334 0.375 0.500 0.750 0.598 0.430 0.875 0.561 0.781 0.848 0.193 0.723 0.397 0.636

120 Clairlea-Birchmount 0.388 0.489 0.364 0.500 0.667 0.504 0.517 0.853 0.526 0.851 0.586 0.338 0.447 0.469 0.687

121 Oakridge 1.000 0.691 0.752 1.000 0.917 0.554 0.422 0.778 0.491 0.809 0.500 0.435 0.425 0.432 0.778

122 Birchcliffe-Cliffside 0.463 0.202 0.271 0.500 0.333 0.478 0.218 0.804 0.491 0.896 0.764 0.439 0.372 0.503 0.414

123 Cliffcrest 0.339 0.252 0.284 0.500 0.500 0.518 0.320 0.991 0.789 0.963 0.674 0.297 0.318 0.313 0.545

124 Kennedy Park 0.562 0.516 0.514 0.500 0.833 0.649 0.532 0.689 0.649 0.845 0.744 0.342 0.196 0.404 0.818

125 Ionview 0.686 0.447 0.432 1.000 0.833 0.692 0.658 0.723 0.509 0.793 0.754 0.276 0.676 0.554 0.758

126 Dorset Park 0.529 0.434 0.387 0.500 0.750 0.605 0.749 0.820 0.544 0.680 0.885 0.175 0.492 0.469 0.838

127 Bendale 0.455 0.407 0.327 0.500 0.833 0.566 0.521 0.811 0.614 0.779 0.653 0.214 0.419 0.322 0.747

128 Agincourt South-Malvern West

0.471 0.487 0.230 0.500 0.667 0.574 0.698 0.829 0.579 0.780 0.894 0.096 0.534 0.197 0.545

129 Agincourt North 0.521 0.457 0.208 0.000 0.667 0.637 0.808 0.939 0.579 0.753 0.841 0.047 0.723 0.159 0.545

130 Milliken 0.455 0.508 0.232 0.000 0.583 0.692 0.851 0.890 0.596 0.843 0.678 0.000 0.377 0.079 0.495

131 Rouge 0.405 0.173 0.213 0.500 0.250 0.456 0.561 1.000 1.000 0.992 0.223 0.183 0.498 0.295 0.949

132 Malvern 0.661 0.397 0.379 0.500 0.500 0.625 0.779 0.637 0.667 0.874 0.796 0.173 0.447 0.324 1.000

133 Centennial 0.231 0.101 0.092 0.000 0.250 0.279 0.487 0.926 0.789 0.947 0.750 0.115 0.354 0.172 0.545


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Scarborough

134 Highland Creek 0.314 0.238 0.178 0.500 0.250 0.354 0.710 0.977 0.789 1.000 0.750 0.080 0.377 0.117 0.838

135 Morningside 0.636 0.437 0.488 0.500 0.583 0.592 0.616 0.947 0.807 0.971 0.095 0.268 0.500 0.300 0.909

136 West Hill 0.702 0.486 0.640 0.500 0.750 0.620 0.643 0.886 0.579 0.930 0.548 0.330 0.296 0.556 0.798

137 Woburn 0.686 0.512 0.427 0.500 0.833 0.590 0.610 0.842 0.579 0.807 0.550 0.157 0.662 0.381 0.848

138 Eglinton East 0.752 0.485 0.623 0.500 0.917 0.624 0.635 0.799 0.649 0.866 0.781 0.242 0.496 0.373 0.879

139 Scarborough Village 0.744 0.613 0.854 0.500 0.917 0.651 0.587 0.801 0.509 0.865 0.733 0.260 0.377 0.443 0.838

140 Guildwood 0.116 0.089 0.095 0.500 0.333 0.404 0.184 0.999 0.702 0.992 0.571 0.198 0.553 0.255 0.404

Note: Urban HEART@Toronto did not assign a score for Mental Health to Willowdale West (#37) due to insufficient sample size. For the purposes of the NIA selection process, the neighbourhood was assigned the average mental health score of the 6 surrounding neighbourhoods.


52

Appendix III. Cross-Reference Social Indicators

The maps on the following pages illustrate how other social indicators not included in the NEI

are distributed spatially in Toronto.


53

12.1

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9.3

6.5

10.6

10.5

19.613.8

7.629.6

23.5

Source: 2011 National Household Survey;




/

Housing Suitability

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Unsuitable Housing as % of

Private Dwellings

2.32% - 7.77%

7.78% - 12.39%

12.40% - 17.49%

17.49% - 24.10%

24.11% - 38.45%



54

397.8

348.0

449.5

398.8

340.7

326.5389.0611.8

304.7

489.5

367.6

270.7

441.4

595.9

359.0

348.6

326.8

463.5

379.7

352.5

884.2

345.2

415.2

398.0

1,431.0

287.1

426.3

468.6

324.3

500.4

741.8

922.3

391.4

444.1

427.0

630.1

542.5

336.0 546.5

462.7

800.0338.9

360.1

482.1

449.9

439.1

512.5

331.0

828.6

481.0

965.8

255.8

399.3

338.4

400.3

370.9

407.1

562.4

601.2595.1

404.4

452.2

357.8

686.3

303.0

361.1

577.9

266.7

411.9

372.6

296.1

270.4717.2 279.4

360.1

415.6

447.9

300.8

457.9

675.3

415.3

481.6

816.1

505.2

411.7

319.9

465.8

356.0

211.5

1,164.3

470.5

449.8

803.4

425.1

432.9

446.8

272.6

479.6

328.3

924.6452.9

579.8

705.9

317.0

1,070.3

355.5388.7

680.3

684.3

305.7

450.4

578.6

349.1

534.4

876.8

913.2

383.8

439.8561.3

669.6 708.1468.5 500.6

697.3

384.5428.2

481.0

601.6

354.6

503.6

407.0

383.3

444.5

513.8

390.7

741.3

503.0235.3

436.3

399.2





/

Median Property Value

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Median Property Value

$211,529 - $340,742

$340,743 - $436,328

$436,329 - $579,785

$579,786 - $828,583

$828,584 - $1,431,025



55

29.1

30.3

31.1

36.4

41.0

33.229.334.4

28.6

30.4

34.3

20.0

37.8

25.8

26.1

30.1

33.7

33.3

34.5

32.3

33.7

32.4

36.5

28.5

33.6

34.4

28.5

31.4

35.0

30.0

33.8

28.3

37.8

19.6

28.1

37.9

32.0

32.8 40.0

19.4

20.733.8

36.3

43.0

33.0

22.0

34.9

33.9

23.1

45.5

31.3

37.7

34.7

35.8

26.2

40.6

40.6

30.2

39.241.5

21.3

34.9

46.2

26.8

36.5

36.3

34.5

34.4

35.0

30.5

23.6

38.2

49.425.6 41.8

37.0

31.2

26.2

40.2

37.9

40.8

32.9

30.9

18.6

32.7

43.0

41.5

26.7

32.4

39.832.4

46.8

25.2

21.1

35.4

35.1

27.2

44.8

29.0

37.5

38.031.9

34.1

35.7

40.2

34.332.6

21.2

24.7

35.5 40.9

38.5

37.6

32.4

29.8

31.7

34.6

26.0

24.7

36.8

44.236.2

34.9

35.633.7

36.8

46.043.8

38.5

32.7

27.6

33.7

34.9

29.552.344.2

33.5

26.744.1

43.2





/

Housing Affordability

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Percent Spending > 30% of

Income on Shelter Costs

18.59% - 24.73%

24.74% - 30.85%

30.86% - 36.15%

36.16% - 41.78%

41.79% - 52.25%



56

411

557

489

24

727

1060

593279

725

836

404

1306

851

101

65

280

204

385

96

41

701

712

570

69

531

133

867

289

58

547

515

283

292

62

419

316

139

141

589

252

169

227

949 178

564

663

424

516

80

232

459

670

186

428

424

70

149

672

572

256

181256

16955

55

143

540

603

379

829

389

1049

54

270

688101 683

334

205

239

176

87

464

155

1077

94

599

343

359

814

160

186

76

46

1105

113

177

578

231

545

349

393

263

369

2471141

869

309

271

293

161

149 326

1194

74

261

251

331

385

185

242

164

781409

332

170358140291

449

239

134

204

103

650

153

1573

1022

919

1127

Source: Wellbeing Toronto;




/

Social Housing Waiting List

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

16 - 205 applicants

206 - 404

405 - 603

604 - 955

956 - 1,573



57





/

Early Development Index

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Early Development Index

Low

Medium

High



58

4

4

4

9

3

631

4

7

1

0

7

0

1

3

2

2

1

3

1

0

2

0

0

4

1

3

1

3

0

1

1

1

1

4

2

6 1

0

06

4

3

0

0

0

6

1

0

0

6

2

1

1

6

3

2

12

0

3

0

1

2

2

4

7

0

0

0

2

0

02

3

2

3

1

0

3

3

3

0

2

0

7

0

2

40

4

0

0

0

2

0

5

2

1

11

1

0

2

2

7

1

4

2

1 1

3

3

2

2

1

0

1

0

1

50

1

14

5

32

2

0

1

0

0

1

1

1

7

2

Source: Toronto Star;




/

Number of Homicides since 2009

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Homicides since 2009

0

1 - 2

3 - 4

5 - 6

7 - 9



59

116.3

328.2

224.0

283.0

280.0

151.5229.5103.6

282.1

257.4

97.8

119.6

81.7

119.4

161.7

108.5

132.0

230.7

172.8

195.9

122.2

235.4

130.9

184.0

81.7

175.6

74.7

172.0

188.0

375.2

81.9

187.6

160.2

123.8

161.7

106.6

104.2

127.0

106.7

71.0

233.8

158.1

140.2

181.4

161.6

107.7

223.3

158.8

110.1

128.6

104.6

170.1

114.9

210.4

217.6

254.9

321.3

167.9

199.2

167.4

78.7

115.1

214.5

126.9

138.2

270.3

208.6

170.2

259.3

294.5

189.4

126.7

215.5

84.2

131.6285.4

196.0

97.0

108.3

193.7

112.0

207.093.3

100.2

224.6

130.9

216.7

118.2

114.7

86.8

159.7

298.3

191.0

145.7

229.7

234.1

132.2

192.1

145.1

181.1

102.3

329.8

138.2

160.9

214.9

266.0

157.3

124.3

469.9

189.9380.4

304.0

84.5

304.9

156.4

98.5

147.0

278.6

525.6

342.2

278.3

216.5

204.2

171.3

172.6

256.5

95.3249.8

209.9

564.8

354.9

124.2

245.6

129.1

277.4220.0

284.7

190.8

258.8

182.8





/

Major Crime Rate (per 10,000 population)

0 1 2 3 4Km

Legend

Major Crime Rate (per 10,000)

70.95 - 140.21

140.22 - 199.15

199.16 - 266.02

266.03 - 380.36

380.36 - 564.82



60

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank everyone who provided valuable guidance and support on the

development of the Neighbourhood Equity Index:

Mat Krepicz, Senior Planning Analyst, SDFA, City of Toronto

Monica Campbell, Director, Healthy Public Policy, Toronto Public Health

Kate Bassil, Manager, Healthy Public Policy, Toronto Public Health

For more information on this report, contact: Wayne Chu Planning Analyst Social Development, Finance & Administration Division Tel: 416-392-6125 E-mail: [email protected] Harvey Low, Manager, Social Research & Analysis Social Development, Finance & Administration Division Tel: 416-392-8660 E-mail: [email protected] Sarah Rix, Policy Development Officer Social Development, Finance & Administration Division Tel: 416-392-8944 E-mail: [email protected]

Copies of this report can be downloaded from the TSNS 2020 website:

www.toronto.ca/neighbourhoods


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