torino presentation barletta 5 23 2008
DESCRIPTION
international workshop accelerator based neutron sources for medical industrial and scientific applications torino eurosea international workshop accelerator based neutron sources for medical industrial and scientific applications torino euroseaTRANSCRIPT
US Particle Accelerator School
New Opportunities in Accelerator-based
Science, Medicine & Industry
William A. Barletta
Director, United States Particle Accelerator School
Department of Physics, MIT
US Particle Accelerator School
Research machines account for a smallpercentage of accelerators
From L. Rivkin, CHIPP Lectures, 2008
Total number ~15000
growing at ~10% per year
US Particle Accelerator School
What are these machines used for?
From L. Rivkin, CHIPP Lectures, 2008
US Particle Accelerator School
Research: How can we understand the
underlying structure of things?
Wilhelm Röntgen Discovered X-rays in 1895
US Particle Accelerator School
First X-ray diffraction image of a live picoplankton
(FLASH FEL in Hamburg)
0 30606030Resolution length on the detector (nm)
March 2007
FLASH soft X-ray laser
Hamburg, Germany
FLASH pulse length: 10 fsWavelength: 13.5 nm RECONSTRUCTED
CELL STRUCTURE
J. Hajdu, I. Andersson, F. Maia, M. Bogan, H. Chapman, and the imaging collaboration
Filipe Maia, Uppsala
Thanks
J.Hajdu and H. Chapman
US Particle Accelerator School
Industrial application of accelerators:
X-ray flash radiography
Debris cloud produced
by an Al sphere impacting
a thin AL shield at hypervelocity.
Source:. http://www.udri.udayton.edu/NR/exeres/9E82E5F2-AC29-4467-8F15-0E5A7FEA48F3.htm
US Particle Accelerator School
Example: Conformal gamma ray therapy
Multi-axis exposure of tumor
Challenge: Kill the tumor cells
w/o killing healthy tissue
Gamma rays from electron linac
US Particle Accelerator School
Neutron sources for research,industry & medicine
TARGET CHAMBER
Length 26cmDiameter 28cmWeight 40lb
VACUUMCHAMBER
TARGET COOLING
ANTENNA
Ti COATINGEXTRACTIONGRID
MAGNETS
For D-D neutron output ~ 1.2 x 1012 n/sFor D-T neutron output ~ 3.5 x 1014 n/s
@ 80 kW of beam, 10% d.f.
Limiting parameter is power density on target
PLASMAION
SOURCE
US Particle Accelerator School
The (BTO), from AWE in Aldermaston, UK is a set of six nested cylinders of
C, (C2H4) n, Al, W, (C2H4) n & W (respectively) with a solid polyethylene
core. Twelve 30-minute exposures of the assembly were reconstructed into
a mock tomographic image which clearly shows the detailed joint structure
in the outer shells. (from LLNL)
Neutron images of “British Test Object”
US Particle Accelerator School
Future industrial applications:
Ion beam lithography
US Particle Accelerator School
FOM - Tumor control probability
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 10 20 30 40
Tum
or
Contr
ol P
robabili
ty
Tumor RBE-Dose (Gy Eq)
Dots indicate tumor doses near midline of brain for BMRR and LBNL Beams (for specific head, treated to maximal normal tissue dose) BMRR Beam
LBNL Beam
Calculated Tumor Control Probability(Laramore's parameters)
Control of gliobastoma multiformae with neutron capture therapy
US Particle Accelerator School
Neutral beams to heat fusion plasmas
Example: neutral beams for TFTR at Princeton
ITER will require 60 MW of neutral beam heaters
Neutral beam injectors