Topic of presentation :-Hypothalamus

Presented by:- anam zehra rizvim.Sc biochemistryv.b.s.p.u jaunpur

What is hypothalamus? Hypothalamus is a small but important part

of the brain. It plays an important role in the nervous

system as well as in the endocrine system. It is link to another small and vital gland

called the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus is the linked between the

endocrine & the nervous system.

Location of hypothalamus The hypothalamus is located on the under surface of

the brain. It lies just below the thalamus & above the pituitary

gland, to which it attached by a stalk. It is an extremely complex part of the brain containing

many regions with highly specialised function. In humans hypothalamus is approximately the size of

pea and accounts for less than 1% of the weight of the brain.

position of Hypothalamus in brain

Diagram showing the position of brain in head

Interior structure of hypothalamus

FUNCTION OF HYPOTHALAMUS Controls the release of 8 major hormones by

the pituitary gland. Controls body temperature. Control of food and water intake, hunger and

thirst. Control sexual behaviour and reproduction. Control of daily cycles in physiological state

and behaviour also known as circadian rhythm. Mediation of emotional responses.

HORMONES SECRETED BY THE HYPOTHALAMUS ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormones):- The hormone

that regulate water levels in the body, including blood volume and blood pressure.

Oxytocin:- A hormone that controls some human behaviour and reproductive system.

Corticotropin- Releasing Hormone:- controls the body’s response to physical & emotional stress and it is responsible for supressing the appetite and stimulating anxiety.

Gonadotropin releasing hormone:-stimulate the release of hormones connected to reproductive function, puberty And sexual maturation.

Somatostatin:-Inhibits growth and thyroid stimulating .Hormone.

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone:-Controls growth and physical development in children as well as metabolism in adults.

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone:-Stimulates production of the thyroid hormone which in turns controls the cardiovascular system, brain development, muscle controle, digestive health and metabolism.

The hypothalamus essentials The portion of the brain that maintains the body’s

internal balance (homeostasis) The hypothalamus is link between the endocrine

and nervous system. The hypothalamus produces releasing and

inhibiting hormones throughout the body. The hypothalamus play a significant role in the

endocrine system. It is responsible for maintaining body’s internal balance which is known as homeostasis. To do this hypothalamus helps stimulate or inhibit many of your key processes.

Bodies key processes control by hypothalamus

Heart rate and blood pressure. Fluid and electrolyte balance, including thrust. Appetite and body weight. Glandular secretions of the stomach and intestine. Production of substances that influence the

pituitary gland to release hormones. Sleep cycle.

HYPOTHALAMIC DISEASE A disease or disorder of the hypothalamus is known

as hypothalamic disease. A physical injury to the head that impacts the hypothalamus is one of the most common causes of hypothalamic disease.

Hypothalamic disease can include appetite and sleep disorders. In particular the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are so tightly connected that it’s often difficult for doctors to determine weather condition is associated with hypothalamus or pituitary. These are known hypothalamic pituitary disorders.

However there are hormones test that help shed light on which part of the body is the root cause.

The hypothalamus is arguably the most essential of the endocrine system. By altering the pitiutiary gland to release certain hormones to rest of the endocrine system, the hypothalamus ensure that the internal processes of your body are balanced and working as they should.

What could go wrong with my hypothalamus??????? Hypothalamus function can be affected by:-

Brain tumoursInfection SurgeryRadiation MalnutritionDisorder of energy balanceThermoregulation disorgnised body rythmsHead trauma

Pituitary disorder Symptoms of pituitary deficiency occur due to loss of

hypothalamic control. Pituitary deficiency (hypopituitarism) ultimately

causes a deficiency of hormones produced by the gonads, adrenal cortex, and thyroid gland as well as loss of growth hormone.

Lack of ADH production by the hypothalamus causes diabetes insipidus. In this condition the kidney are unable to reabsorb water, which leads to excessive prodution of dillute urine which result in very large amount of water loss from the body which later cause dehydration.