topic 2 design concept

8/18/2019 Topic 2 Design Concept

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DESIGN CONCEPTSUSING

COMPONENTS&THE CONCEPT of

BUILDABILITY


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BUILDABILITY

Defined as “ the extend to hich design of the

buildings facilitates ease of construction!subject to the o"erall re#uirements ofcompleted building$%

Construction &ndustry 'esearch and&nformation (ssociation )C&'&(*


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Definition focused on the lin+ bet een design

and construction and implied factors hichha"e significant impact on the ease ofconstruction of a project$

DESIGN

CONSTRUCTION

BUILDABILITY

(pplies to soft )management* and hard )technical* aspects$

Impact ofdesi !decisio!s

I!f"#e!ceo! desi !decisio!s


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$HY BUILDABILITY

Problems existed in C& ,$comparati"eisolation of many designers from practicalconstruction process$ -he shortcomings asseen by builders ,,$$! due to the separationof design and construction functions hichhas characterised the building industry o"er

the last century or so$C&'&(


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BUILDABILITY

(lso defined as “the ability to construct abuilding efficiently! economically

and to agreed #uality le"els from itsconstituent materials! component andsub.assemblies%$


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%EY EATURES O

BUILDABILITY DESIGN

Usage of Components

Employment of /odular Coordination

in Dimensions


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STRUCTURAL STEEL SYSTEM

0teel 1rame! '$C 0lab on 0teel Dec+ing

0teel 1rame ith composite '$C

encasement on all or beam or column

0teel 1rame ith 0tructural encasement

for all or beam or column


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PRECAST CONCRETE 'P(C)PRECAST CONCRETE 'P(C)

CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION

PC Column2Beam20lab

PC Beam20lab and cast.in.situColumn23all2Beam

PC 0lab and cast.in.situColumn23all2Beam


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CAST*IN*SITU R(C( CONSTRUCTIONCAST*IN*SITU R(C( CONSTRUCTION

1lat Plates

1lat Plat or 3all20lab 0ystem

0lab ith 4.Direction Beams

0lab ith 5.Direction Beams

)0lab Beam ratio 6.47*


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Precast facade panelsPrecast facade panels

TYPICAL EXAMPLES ofTYPICAL EXAMPLES ofCOMPONENTS COMPONENTS


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PrecastPrecastColumnColumn


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Precast Beam


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Hollow Core Sla


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Precast Plan!s


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Precast "ou le T Sla


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Precast #affle Sla


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Precast parapet walls


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Precast Sta$rcase


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8-9E' E:(/P;E0

0elf compacting concrete -unnel form construction

9ybrid concrete construction Post tensioned construction-ilt up

http://www.concretecentre.com/main.asp?page=609http://www.concretecentre.com/main.asp?page=438http://www.concretecentre.com/main.asp?page=438http://www.concretecentre.com/main.asp?page=609


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T#!!e" o+m

E,AMPLES of AD-ANCEDCOMPONENT PRODUCTS


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Box 0ystem


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Prefa r$cated Bat%roomPrefa r$cated Bat%room


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Prefa r$cated Bat%roomPrefa r$cated Bat%room&n$t&n$t


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Conta$ner


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0pacebox


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BENE ITS of BUILDABILITY

Practical Buildability! the result of a C&'&(study! ill pro"e "aluable to practising

ci"il and structural engineers! designers!builders! #uantity sur"eyors and

architects$


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• =ust.in.time deli"ery to site of factory.finished components! fast rates ofconstruction especially hen a smallernumber of large units is specified! and theother certainty! safety and en"ironmentalbenefits all ma+e precast concrete the

most >buildable> of materials$


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•

P+o +amme. Production can be carefullycontrolled in the factory en"ironment! andis not held up by the /a a+ies of t0e1eat0e+ or "a2o#+ s0o+ta es( 8n.siteconstruction and off.site manufacture canbe o"erlapped! thereby reducing o"erallsite periods$


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/anufacture in 1actory


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Con"entional /ethod


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P+efa2 O! site P+od#ctio!


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8n site Precast


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T$lt up ( site.cast production line for structural allsithout stanchions$

1ast! lo cost! robust easily sealed interior finish$


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-unnelling 0ystem


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E+ectio!


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Erection cycles per gang of 5 units per day


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Erection cycles per gang of 5 units per day


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( design ith a higher buildability illresult in more efficient labour usage in

construction and therefore higher sitelabour producti"ity$

Hi 0 B#i"da2i"it3Hi 0 B#i"da2i"it3 Hi 0 P+od#cti/it3Hi 0 P+od#cti/it3


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• 4#a"it3. 0tringent production control ands+illed factory.based craftsmen produce

consistently high #uality! getting as closeas possible to >?ero defects>


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Ad/a!ta es•Bette+ 5#a"it3 t0a! t0at of co!/e!tio!a"•Co!siste!c3 of 5#a"it3 of p+od#cts

•Aest0etica""3 p"easi! as !o co"#m! a!d 2eams /isi2"e


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THE INISH PRODUCT . Pa+ce" 6 &Pa+ce" 78 P+eci!ct 98 P#t+a:a3a


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AESTHETICSAESTHETICS

• (ppearances of materials!components! sub.assemblies and of the complete building@ si?e!

shape! colour! texture! pattern! etcA

•experience of materials!components! sub.

assemblies and of the complete building@

•#uality of spatial relationships! pleasure in

use! relationship to surrounding! etc$

Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan MalaysiaConstruction &ndustry De"elopment Board /alaysia

Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan Malaysia/inistry of 9ousing and ;ocal Go"ernment /alaysia


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A+c0itect#+a""3 i!is0edP+ecast Co!c+ete +ames

Capital Ban+ in Chester@

excellent example of ho designcan be positi"ely influenced bys+illed input from a specialist

contractor$-he result as a fully precast

architecturally finished structure$

-he programme time asdrastically reduced and sho s

the contribution that precastconcrete and specialist design

input! hen used effecti"ely! canma+e to the building process$


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• Cost. alue for money is no recognisedas much more than just bottom.line tenderprices$ Do nstream benefits of precasting!such as #uic+er build periods! "ess+e"ia!ce o! o!*site "a2o#+ a!d !o+e5#i+eme!t fo+ scaffo"di! ! also

contribute to cost sa"ings$


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• Safet3 • 1inished components are deli"ered to site

and lifted directly from the "ehicle intoposition on site! often ithout the need forscaffolding$ -his reduces the potential foraccidents! and remo"es the ris+ of hand.setting stone or bric+ or+ in potentiallyha?ardous locations$

0afety re#uirements@ easily


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implemented duringconstruction stage$

o perimeter nettingre#uired as the installedall panel ith the indo

casement built.in acted aspermanent barrier

Cleaner or+ area as nobric+ or+ and plasteringre#uired$Perimeter 0caffolding isused for light eight duty

li+e painting and sealantor+ only! resulting on saferor+ en"ironment $


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• E!/i+o!me!t • Precast production uses less energy than

that re#uired for either structural steelframe components or system curtain

alling$ 8n site! precast constructioncreates less air pollution! noise and debris$

'oad traffic to and from the site is alsoreduced$


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PRINCIPLES O BUILDABILITYPRINCIPLES O BUILDABILITY

•Sta!da+disatio!

•Simp"icit3

•Si! "e I!te +ated S3stems

; S


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=( Sta!da+disatio!

•'epetition of Grids•0i?es of Components•Connection of Details


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>( Simp"icit3

• Uncomplicated Building Construction 0ystem• 0imple &nstallation Details

;( Si! "e I!te +ated E"eme!ts


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• Elements that combine components together ;( Si! e I!te +ated E eme!ts

The Diagramsshow how

parts arecoordinatedintocomponents,intosubassemblies;into the final

building

NEXT21 is an experimental 18 unit h!using pr!je"tThe pr!je"t #as "!n"ei$ed by %sa&a 'as (!rp!rati!n ) 1**+


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The pr!je t #as !n ei$ed by %sa&a as (!rp!rati!n ) 1**+It anticipates the more comfortable life urban households will characteristically enjoy inthe 21st Century . pen !uilding Implementation, " storeys#nits were designed by 1$ different architects. %ach unit&s interior and e'terior layoutwas freely designed within a system of coordinating rules for positioning (ariouselements.

Exterior View of NEXT21

S3stems B#i"di! -his component systemis di"ided into fo r


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>0ystem building> refers to abuilding in hich methods foradjusting the indi"idualcomponent systems for the

building .. such as mainstructure! external all! andindo s .. are established$

(t E:-54! a highlyflexiblearchitectural

system isbeing putintopractice$

is di"ided into fourgroups according to there#uired life of eachcomponent andproduction path! and arethen manufactured asseparate systems andmodules so that outer

alls! +itchens! bathsand toilets! and gardens

can be mo"ed$

HOW TO MAKE PRECASTHOW TO MAKE PRECAST


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HOW TO MAKE PRECASTHOW TO MAKE PRECAST

MORE EFFICIENT ?MORE EFFICIENT ?

'epet$t$on'epet$t$on(less variables)(less variables)

ModularModularCoord$nat$onCoord$nat$on


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Implement$n( $nte(rated des$(nImplement$n( $nte(rated des$(nconcept concept Stron( cooperat$on etween arc%$tect)Stron( cooperat$on etween arc%$tect)

structural en($neer) M*E en($neer)structural en($neer) M*E en($neer) precaster) contractor from t%e +er, - precaster) contractor from t%e +er, - st st des$(n sta(e.des$(n sta(e.


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Enou(% lead/t$me to do plann$n( 0Enou(% lead/t$me to do plann$n( 0

manufacturemanufactureStandard$1at$on 0 S$mpl$c$t, Standard$1at$on 0 S$mpl$c$t, S$te lo($st$c S$te lo($st$c "eta$l$n("eta$l$n(Spec$f$cat$onSpec$f$cat$onComponent we$(%t Component we$(%t Su$ta $l$t, of product.Su$ta $l$t, of product.


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GENERAL STEPS IN DESIGNGENERAL STEPS IN DESIGN

P"a!!i! & La3o#t•Employ /odular Coordination in

Dimensioning•&dentification of Basic 0tructural 0ystem ofConstruction

COSTCOST


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COSTCOST

• materials! components! sub.assemblies andcon"ersion one to the other

• labour needed to design! manage andassemble the building

• tools! plant and e#uipment needed to assemblethe building

• pro"iding certain le"el of durability )life.cycle

costs*

Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan MalaysiaConstruction &ndustry De"elopment Board /alaysia

Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan Malaysia/inistry of 9ousing and ;ocal Go"ernment /alaysia

HOSPITAL &NI2E'SITY 3EBAN4SAAN MALAYSIA 5H&3M6


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Locatio! HU%M C0e+as8 %#a"a L#mp#+

B#i"di! C"i!ica" B"oc?8 Ed#catio! B"oc?8Teac0e+s 4#a+te+s8 Staff4#a+te+s A!d N#+ses Hoste"

G+oss "oo+a+ea >@@8@@@(@@ m

>

Co!t+act Specified

Co!st+#ctio!Pe+iod mo!t0 P+ecast S#pe+ st+#ct#+e

Mai!Co!t+acto+ Gam#da Be+0ad

O1!e+ A+c0itectSt+#ct#+a" E! (

Mi!ist+3 Of Hea"t0P#2"ic $o+?s Depa+tme!tP#2"ic $o+?s Depa+tme!t

P+ecastE"eme!tsS#pp"ied

P+ecast P+est+essed Ho""o1 Co+eS"a2P+ecast Beam

Scope of$o+?s

S#pp"3 a!d de"i/e+3 P+ecastBeams a!d Ho""o1 Co+e S"a2s8

HOSPITAL &NI2E SITY 3EBAN4SAAN MALAYSIA 5H&3M6Spec$f$ed precast , Pu l$c #or!s "epartment

&NI2E'SITY HOSPITAL EXTENSION


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Locatio! U!i/e+sit3 Hospita" 8 Peta"i! :a3a

B#i"di! =@ sto+e3 2#i"di!

G+oss "oo+a+ea 7@8@@@(@@ m

>

Co!t+act Specified

Co!st+#ctio!

Pe+iod mo!t0 P+ecast S#pe+ st+#ct#+e

Mai!Co!t+acto+ S3a+i?at Pem2i!aa! Setia


Mi!ist+3 Of Hea"t0P#2"ic $o+?s Depa+tme!tP#2"ic $o+?s Depa+tme!t


P+ecast P+est+essed Ho""o1 Co+eS"a2P+ecast Beam

Scope of $o+?s S#pp"3 a!d de"i/e+3 P+ecast

Beams a!d Ho""o1 Co+e S"a2s8

&NI2E SITY HOSPITAL EXTENSIONSpec$f$ed precast , Pu l$c #or!s "epartment

I3EA M&TIA'A "AMANSA'A " $( d B $ld


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Locatio! M#tia+a Dama!sa+a8 M#?im S#! ai B#"#08 Se"a! o+

B#i"di! Tota" Sto+e3 S0oppi! Comp"e '1it0 > sto+e3 ca+pa+?)

G+oss "oo+ a+ea =>=8@@@m>

Co!t+act Desi ! & B#i"d

Co!st+#ctio! Pe+iod mo!t0 P+ecast S#pe+ st+#ct#+e

Mai! Co!t+acto+ I?a!o Co+po+atio! Sd!( B0d(


Bo#stead Ho"di! Be+0adT O! A+c0itectLeo Co!s#"ta!t

P+ecast E"eme!tsS#pp"ied

P+ecast P+est+essed Ho""o1 Co+e S"a2P+ecast Beam8 P+ecast Co"#m!8 P+ecast So"id P"a!?s8 P+ecast S0ea+ $a""s8P+ecast Stai+cases8 P+ecast G#tte+s8

Scope of $o+?sS#pp"3 a!d I!sta"" P+ecast Co"#m!s8 P+ecast Beams8 Ho""o1 Co+e S"a2s8 P+ecast So"idP"a!?s8 P+ecast S0ea+ $a""s8 P+ecast Stai+cases8 P+ecast G#tte+s8 i!c"#di! a"" t0e

"es$(n and Bu$ld

"E#AN MILLENI&M 3EPALA BATAS


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Locatio! %epa"a Batas8 Se2e+a! Pe+ai Uta+a8 P#"a# Pi!a!

B#i"di! Tota" Sto+e3 P#2"ic Ha"" Comp"e

G+oss "oo+ a+ea F86@@m >

Co!t+act Desi ! & B#i"d

Co!st+#ctio! Pe+iod > mo!t0 P+ecast S#pe+ st+#ct#+e

Mai! Co!t+acto+ Le:adi I!f+a Sd! B0d(


State Go/me!t P#"a# Pi!a!S3ed A Ha"im A+c0itectL L Co!s#"ta!t

P+ecast E"eme!tsS#pp"ied P+ecast P+est+essed Ho""o1 Co+e S"a2 P+ecast Beam a!d P+ecast Co"#m!

Scope of $o+?s S#pp"3 a!d de"i/e+3 of P+ecast Co"#m!s8 P+ecast Beams8 Ho""o1 Co+e S"a2s8

E#AN MILLENI&M 3EPALA BATAS "es$(n * Bu$ld

7LEXT'ONICS 7ACTO'Y SENAI 8OHO' BHA'&


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Locatio! Se!ai8 o0o+ B0a+#

B#i"di! ;*sto+e3 facto+3

G+oss "oo+a+ea F86@@ m>

Co!t+act A"te+!ati/e Desi !

Co!st+#ctio!Pe+iod ; mo!t0 P+ecast S#pe+ st+#ct#+e

Mai!Co!t+acto+ %#ma ai G#mi Co Ltd


"e t+o!ic 'Ma"a3sia) sd! 20dA+c0itect Spect+#m

PS Co!s#"ta!t E! i!ee+s Sd!B0d


P+ecast Do#2"e T S"a28 P+ecastCo"#m!P+ecast Beam

Scope of $o+?s

S#pp"3 a!d de"i/e+3 P+ecast

Co"#m! 8 Beam a!d Do#2"e TS"a2

7LEXT ONICS 7ACTO Y SENAI 8OHO BHA & Alternat$+e

CYBE'2ILLA TO#N HO&SE


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Alternat$+e

Locatio! C32e+ a3a 8 Se"a! o+

B#i"di! To1!0o#se

G+oss "oo+a+ea ;>@@ m

>

Co!t+act A"te+!ati/e Desi !

Co!st+#ctio!Pe+iod > mo!t0 P+ecast S#pe+ st+#ct#+e

Mai!Co!t+acto+ e?s E! i!ee+i! Sd! B0d


M% De/e"ope+-e+itas A+c0itectEaste+! P+etec0 'M) Sd! B0d


P+ecast P+est+essed Ho""o1 Co+eS"a28 P+ecast Ha"f S"a28 P+ecastBeam8 P+ecast $a"" a!dStai+case

Scope of$o+?s

S#pp"3 a!d de"i/e+3 P+ecastP+est+essed Ho""o1 Co+e S"a28

P+ecast Ha"f S"a28 P+ecast Beam8P+ecast $a"" a!d Stai+case

CONST'&CTION EXPE'IENCE IN B'IC37IEL"S SCHOOL


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CONST'&CTION EXPE'IENCE IN B'IC37IEL"S SCHOOL

B&IL"ABLE "ESI4N A#A'"S


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C"ose coo+di!atio! at desi ! sta e +es#"ted i! 0i 0"3 2#i"da2"e 2#i"di!

Mo+e t0a! F6 of p+ecast co"#m!s8 2eams a!d s"a2s desi !ed to o!e sta!da+dised si e

Ma!3 a+c0itect#+a" feat#+es 1e+e mod#"ated a!d p+ecast fo+ 2ette+ 5#a"it3 a!d fi!is0

HDB PRE ABRICATION TECHNOLOGY CENTRE


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B#i"da2"e eat#+es.St+#ct#+a" compo!e!ts sta!da+dised to a si! "e si e

P+ecast e"eme!ts*a+c0(co!c+ete "attices8 +i! 1ate+ ta!?s8 c#+/ed a#dito+i#m 1a""s8pe+imete+ fe!ci! 1a""

B#ida2i"it3 a!d aest0etics co#"d 2e ac0ie/ed 1it0o#t comp+omisi! o!e a!ot0e+



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Hi 0 2#i"da2"e desi !*co!st+#ctio! pe+iod s0o+te!ed co!side+a2"3

P+ecast st+#ct#+a" f+ame*p+ecast co"#m!s8 2eams8 0o""o1 co+e s"a2s a!d p"a!?s

A+c0itect#+a" feat#+es*p+ecast "i 0t1ei 0t co!c+ete pa!e"s8 p+efa2( i!fi"" a"#mi!i#m pa!e"s8st+#ct#+a" stee" t+#ss8 p+ecast pa+apet8 p+ecisio! 2"oc?s8 d+3 pa+titio!

YUSO ISHA% SECONDARY SCHOOL



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sta!da+dised +ids a!d +epetiti/e f"oo+ "a3o#ts8 #se of f"at f"oo+ s"a2s +es#"ted i! "essco"#m!s a!d 2i e+ spa!

i!te +ated +oof s3stem8 "i 0t1ei 0t co!c+ete 2"oc?s * !o p"aste+i! !eeded8 faste+co!st+#ctio!

mo!ospace "ift * e pedite co!st+#ctio! a!d i!c+ease #sa2"e space

& S STHE RENCH SCHOOL

B&IL"ABLE "ESI4N A#A'"S $OODS ALE


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Mod#"a+ 0o+i o!ta" a!d /e+tica" +ids8 +epetiti/e f"oo+ "a3o#ts8 #se of s3stem fo+m1o+? fo+efficie!c3

p+ecast co"#m!s8 2eams8 s"a2s a!d stai+cases * o!*site a!d off*site

RC e te+!a" 1a""s * #se of :#mpi! fo+m1o+? e!a2"ed 1a""s to 2e cast t0+ee sto+e3 a0ead ofeac0 f"oo+ s"a2

$OODS-ALE



74/88

A+c0itect commissio!ed to desi ! a mai!te!a!ce*f+ee 2#i"di! a!d c+eate a! e"e a!t facade

f"at f"oo+ s"a2 s3stem fo+ f+ee space8 9@ of co"#m!s a!d 2eams sta!da+dised

f#"" 0ei 0t "a i! a!d meta" c"addi! #sed as e!/e"ope fo+ 5#a"it3 fi!is0

NATIONAL HERITAGE BOARDCENTRAL REPOSITORY

Arc%$tectural Precast Assoc$at$on 5APA6 A#A'"S 1or design and manufacturing excellence$ -he competition recogni?es examples of


75/88

S#ccessf#" i!te +atio! of cast sto!e a!d 2+ic? +es#"ted i! a 2#i"di! t0at 1as co!te t#a"to t0e e isti! camp#s

t0e :# tapositio! sca"e 2et1ee! cast sto!e a!d 2+ic? mod#"e a!d t0e p"a3f#" mo/eme!t2et1ee! c#+/ed a!d o+t0o o!a" p"a!e made fo+ a! e citi! p+o:ect

1or design and manufacturing excellence$ he competition recogni?es examples ofoutstanding design and production utili?ing architectural precast concrete$ POPO-ICH HALL * THE UNI-ERSITY O SOUTHERN

CALI ORNIA

APA A#A'"S


76/88

P+o:ect comme!ded fo+ t0e a2i"it3 to t+a!sfo+m a diffic#"t fa ade i!to a 1o+? of a+t( T0e1i!do1J2a3 patte+!s c+eate a +03t0m a"o! t0e fa ade de/e"opi! a 0#ma! sca"e !otofte! fo#!d i! pa+?i! dec?s(

T0e a+c0itect#+a" fa ade is e p+ess as a! app"i5#e to t0e co!c+ete st+#ct#+a" f+ame i! aco!tempo+a+3 a!d e!#i!e fas0io! 1as 1e"" do!e

THE EMORY UNI-ERSITY PAR%ING DEC%

APA A#A'"S THE %ING ARM O ICE BUILDING


77/88

T0e p+opo+tio! of massi! a!d a+tic#"atio! of 2ase8 2od3 a!d top co!t+i2#ted to t0e2#i"di! mo!#me!ta" appea+a!ce

t0e atte!tio! to detai" a!d #se of !at#+a" "i 0t made t0e 2#i"di! /is#a"33 e citi! a!dt0e co!siste!c3 of co"o#+ a!d fi!is0 1as 1e"" do!e

THE %ING ARM O ICE BUILDING

Ad/a!ta es of P+ecast Co!c+ete S3stemAd/a!ta es of P+ecast Co!c+ete S3stem


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Co!st+#ctio!Co!st+#ctio!

=( Co!st+#ctio! timeEarlier completion! components are made

in the factory hile structure or+ in

progress at site$Construction ;oan periods are shortenedand income generated sooner$

>( O/e+time $o+? /inimal


79/88

;( Read3 made tec0!ica" specificatio!s

e( ( So#!d & 0eat i!s#"atio!6 dB is achie"able by 5 6mm thic+hollo core slab ithout topping

)e#ui"alent to only 45


80/88

( Heat I!s# atio!Existence of "oids in hollo core slabs

pro"ide heat insulation$Cool comfort! less consumption of aircon$Gi"es better heat insulation for roof

6( Less La2o#+ ;abour usage is "ery lo $ 8ne team

needs about F to 6 people only$;ess or+er on site to manage$;abour sa"ings in general about 7H$


81/88

7( Site Sto+a eJSpace fo+ mate+ia"s

/inimal (pplication of =ust.in.-ime method

Ad/a!ta es of P+ecast Co!c+ete S3stemAd/a!ta es of P+ecast Co!c+ete S3stem


82/88

Ad/a!ta es of P+ecast Co!c+ete S3stemAd/a!ta es of P+ecast Co!c+ete S3stemCo!st+#ctio!Co!st+#ctio! co!t((co!t((

F( Less $asta e;ess rebar and form or+ on site$

Better control of astage$

( 4#a"it3 Co!t+o"Better #uality can be achie"es! as the

components are factory made )1actorystandard*-est and control in factory$

I$ 0pace for /JE ser"ices


83/88

I$ 0pace for /JE ser"icesBeams only in one direction$

0econdary beams are not re#uired$

47$ 1lexibility9ollo core slabs are design to carry

bric+ alls$ 1or future reno"ation! bric+ allcan be located any here on the floor$

44$ ;ess 0ite Clearing upon completion;o er cost due to lesser form or+ and

debris$


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=>( Less Scaffo"di! Jp+op +e5#i+ed;ess scaffolding 2 prop cost since beams

and slabs are design as unprop$3ith "ery high floor to floor height! this

become "ery prominent ad"antage$

=;( Lo istic;imited access is an ad"antage$Components can be erected directly from

truc+$


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= ( E!/i+o!me!ta" +ie!d"3;ess noise pollution on site$;ess cutting of trees since form or+ less

needed on site$ )1actory uses steelmoulds*$

=6( D#+a2i"it3 J Lo1 Mai!te!a!ce Cost9igh strength concrete )G67* resist

damage better than cast insitu structure$


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B#i"da2i"it3.

SuccessfulConstruction from

Concept toCompletion

-re"or /$ 9olroyd577F! AmericanSociety of Civil

Engineers )-homas-elford! ;td$*

30N(TI%N 4PE53%5M-N(E

0patial organi?ation of building to fulfill


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CONVERSION(on or of site)

MATERIAL

COMPONENT

SUB- ASSEMBLIES

BUILDING

(%,T

-E,T.ETI(,/0IL -/ILIT

0patial organi?ation of building to fulfillfunctional purpose@ physicalcharacteristic of m2c2saA strength andstability of m2c2saA en"ironmentalperformance of m2c2saA ser"ices

Appearance of m/c/sa andof t e comp!ete "#$!d$n%&

S$'e( s ape( co!o#r(te)t#re( pattern( etc*

E)per$ence of m/c/sa andof t e comp!ete "#$!d$n%

+#a!$t, of spat$a!re!at$ons $ps( p!eas#re $n

#se( re!at$ons $p tos#rro#nd$n%( etc

E c$ent andeconom$ca! assem"!,

res#!t$n% fromSe.#ence(Process(Cont$n#$t, 0o1(

Appropr$ate too!s (p!ant and e.#$pment (E c$ent or%an$'at$on

and mana%ement

2Of m/c/sa and of con3ers$on on of t e ot er42Of !a"o#r needed to des$%n( mana%e andassem"!e t e "#$!d$n%( ot er t an t at of42Of too!s( p!ant and e.#$pment needed toassem"!e t e "#$!d$n% ot er t an42Of pro3$d$n% certa$n !e3e! of d#ra"$!$t, 5!$3e-


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-9( K L8U-9( K L8U

topic 2 design concept

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