top-level research initiative - a major nordic venture for climate, energy and the environment
TRANSCRIPT
Top-level Research Initiative
- a major Nordic venture for climate,energy and the environment
Assumptions 2050: Efficiency and energy switching...
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...including CCS of fossil + biogenic
CCS potential of biogenic for ”negative emissions ”
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Nordic countries’ reported greenhouse gas emissions since 1990
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Fossil and biogenic climate gas emissions in the Nordic countries in 2008, milltonCO2
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Norway: Emissions in Nordic climate neutral scenario
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Sweden: Emissions in a climate neutral scenario
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Conclusions and recommendations for call• Break down the silos!
See across elements of value chains for finance and lower costs• Reach targets through better cooperation
More innovation with joint process/teams• Build on the relative strengths • Capture of biogenic sources could give several• advantages
Competence cluster for CCS on biomassShare risks and costs with regional solutions
• Fit CCS into a carbon neutral energy supplyEspecially if lower cost CCS can give negative emissions
• Full picture viewUnderstand all emissions and the realistic merit order of abatementWith less efficiency, more CCS/other measures is needed, and vice versa
• Involve societal aspects in CCS projects Understanding voters, market, stakeholders better will reduce project riskCapturing payability for greenness will also improve sustainability
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Top-level Research Initiative study:
Potential for carbon capture and storage in the Nordic region
Sebastian Teir, Jens Hetland, Asbjørn Torvanger, Katarina Buhr, Erik Lindeberg, Tiina Koljonen, Jenny Gode, Andreas Tjernshaugen, Marcus
Liljeberg, Antti Arasto, Kristin Onarheim, Antti Lehtilä, Lauri Kujanpää, Matti
Nieminen
Objective of study• Give an overview of the realistic potential for applying CCS in
the Nordic countries
Mapping of CO2 emissions and storage possibilities
Scenarios for future deployment of CCS
Overview of CCS technology and R&D activities in the NC
Political framework: energy and climate policy, public awareness
Determine the role of CCS in the Nordic countries
• Give recommendations for topics for the upcoming Top-level Research Initiative on CCS
Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
Kuva: Bellona
Separation of CO2
(at a power plant or factory)
Transportation by pipelineto storage site
Transportation to intermediate storage
Transportation by ship to storage site
Final storage of CO2 in isolation from the atmosphere
GIS-database over largest CO2 emitting facilities
• Data for 2007• Only facilities with
emissions >0.1 Mt CO2/a included
Covers 277 facilities
• Fossil, inorganic and biogenic* CO2 emissions mapped Facility
Cement and lime productionIron and steel productionNon-ferrous metal productionOffshore oil and gas activitiesOil and gas refineriesOtherPower and heat productionProduction of chemicalsPulp and paper productionWaste treatment or incineration
CO2 em.(Mt/a)
0.1 – 0.50.5 – 1.0
1.0 – 1.5
1.5 – 2.02.0 – 3.03.0 – 4.0
4.0 – 5.0
Fossil, inorganic and biogenic CO2 emissons
* from biomass combustion
Capacity calculations for geological CO2 storage in the Nordic countries
• Mature offshore aquifer storage capacity in Norway: 84.6 Gt CO2
Maximum injection rate: 254 Mt/a
• Mature onshore and offshore aquifer storage capacity in Denmark: 1.7 Gt CO2
• Most gas and oil fields in the North Sea well explored, but not mature due to ongoing production
• The south-western and south-eastern sea areas of Sweden need more exploration
• Finland and Iceland has no bedrock suitable for geological storage of CO2
84.6
Capacity in saline aquifers (Units: Gt CO2)
1.7
0
0
?
277 largest facilities account for 51% of the total (fossil) CO2 emissions in the Nordic countries
Fossil/mineral CO2 emissions: 113 MtBiogenic CO2 emissions: 54 Mt
Facility specific fossil CO2 emissions in the Nordic Countries (2007)
5 %
7 %
3 %
10 %
3 %
0 %
12 %
3 %45 %
12 %
Power & heat productionIron and steel productionPulp and paper productionCement and lime productionWaste treatment or incinerationProduction of chemicalsNon-ferrous metal productionOffshore oil and gas activitiesOil and gas refineriesOther
Facility specific fossil CO2 emissions in the Nordic Countries (2007)
5 %
7 %
3 %
10 %
3 %
0 %
12 %
3 %45 %
12 %
Power & heat productionIron and steel productionPulp and paper productionCement and lime productionWaste treatment or incinerationProduction of chemicalsNon-ferrous metal productionOffshore oil and gas activitiesOil and gas refineriesOther
Facility specific fossil CO2 emissions in the Nordic Countries (2007)
76 %
4 %20 % Power & heat production
Iron and steel productionPulp and paper productionCement and lime productionWaste treatment or incinerationProduction of chemicalsNon-ferrous metal productionOffshore oil and gas activitiesOil and gas refineriesOther
Differences between countries
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Finland Denmark Sweden Norway Iceland
CO
2 e
mis
sio
ns
(Mt/
a)
OtherOil and gas refineriesOffshore oil and gas activitiesNon-ferrous metal productionProduction of chemicalsWaste treatment or incinerationCement and lime productionPulp and paper productionIron and steel productionPower & heat production
Only facilities with emissions >0.1 Mt CO2/a included
CCS demonstration projects in the Nordic Countries
1995 2005 2015 2025
Year of actual or planned start-up
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
Pla
nt s
ize
(MW
) (eq
uiv
alen
ts)
Sleipner
Snøhvit
Nordjyllandsværket
Mongstad Statoil
Meri Pori Fortum
CARBFIX
Gas
Gas
Hard Coal
Gas
Hard Coal
None
Absorption (nat-gas)
Absorption (nat-gas)
Post-combustion (solvent TBD)
Post-combustion (solvent TBD)
Oxy- or post-combustion
Storage in basalt
Eq. to 400 MW
Eq. to 280 MW
380 MW
280 MWe + 350 MW (heat)
560 MW (400-450 MW with CCS)
No power
Norway
Norway
Denmark
Norway (Rev May 2010)
Finland
Iceland
Project postponed from 2014 to 2018 by
Governmental decision by April/May 2010
Natural gas processing using
absorption technique including
transport and deep-hole
geological storage of CO2.
Political framework for CCS – overview• All the Nordic countires have ambitious energy and climate
targets
(GHG emissions, renewables, energy efficiency)
Either carbon neutrality or 80% GHG reduction is included into each country’s national long-term (or 2050) targets*
• Denmark, Sweden and Finland under EU’s 20-20-20-targets
Participation in EU’s emissions trading scheme
• Norway: reduce GHG emissions by 30% (40% if global climate agreement)
• Iceland: reduce GHG emissions by 30% given an international climate agreement
* According to national reports to UNFCCC
Scenario: Amount of CO2 captured in the each Nordic country (including bio-CCS)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2020 2030 2040 2050
Mt
CO
2 c
aptu
red
50 €
70 €
90 €
50 €
70 €
90 €
50 €
70 €
90 €
50 €
70 €
90 €
Sweden
Norway
Finland
Denmark