Tools for Tools for Tools for Tools for UnderstandingUnderstandingggGroundwater and Lake Groundwater and Lake InteractionsInteractions

Wisconsin Lakes Convention 2008

TOOLSTOOLS

• RESIDENT WORK (with a little help)

• EXPANDED WATERSHED STUDY• EXPANDED WATERSHED STUDY

• MULTI-WATERSHED STUDY

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE• TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

• GRANTS

RESIDENT WORKRESIDENT WORK(WITH A LITTLE HELP)(WITH A LITTLE HELP)

• IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF LAKE

LAKELAKE TYPETYPELAKELAKE TYPETYPE

MoundedLake

Direction of local flow

Flow-throughLakeDrainage

Lake

Direction of regional flow

Direction of local flow

RESIDENT RESIDENT WORKWORK(WITH A LITTLE HELP)(WITH A LITTLE HELP)

• IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF LAKE

• MAP THE WATERSHED• MAP THE WATERSHED

MAPMAP THE WATERSHEDTHE WATERSHED

MAPMAP THE WATERSHEDTHE WATERSHED

J

BEULAH

ES

43PICKEREL

BOOTH

SWAN

ARMY

20BOOTH

RESIDENT RESIDENT WORKWORK(WITH A LITTLE HELP)(WITH A LITTLE HELP)

• IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF LAKE

• MAP THE WATERSHED• MAP THE WATERSHED

• MAP SITES OF INTEREST IN THE WATERSHEDWATERSHED

MAPMAP SITES OF INTERESTSITES OF INTEREST

RESIDENT RESIDENT WORKWORK(WITH A LITTLE HELP)(WITH A LITTLE HELP)

• IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF LAKE

• MAP THE WATERSHED• MAP THE WATERSHED

• MAP SITES OF INTEREST IN THE WATERSHEDWATERSHED

• WATER LEVEL MONITORING

MONITOR GROUNDWATERMONITOR GROUNDWATERLEVELSLEVELS

MONITOR GROUNDWATERMONITOR GROUNDWATERLEVELSLEVELS

0 00

0.02

0.04

T)

PUMPON

-0.04

-0.02

0.00

WN

(FEE

T

-0.08

-0.06

0.04

DR

AW

DO

PUMPOFF

-0.12

-0.10

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 120000 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

TIME (MINUTES)

MONITORMONITORGROUNDWATERGROUNDWATERGROUNDWATERGROUNDWATERLEVELS LEVELS -- GRADIENTSGRADIENTS

MONITOR GROUNDWATERMONITOR GROUNDWATERLEVELSLEVELS

0 600

0 400

0.500

0.600

0.200

0.300

0.400

AD

IEN

T

0.000

0.100GR

A

-0.200

-0.100

1/0/00 1/5/00 1/10/00 1/15/00 1/20/00 1/25/001/0/00 1/5/00 1/10/00 1/15/00 1/20/00 1/25/00

DATE

RESIDENT RESIDENT WORKWORK(WITH A LITTLE HELP)(WITH A LITTLE HELP)

• IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF LAKE

• MAP THE WATERSHED• MAP THE WATERSHED

• MAP SITES OF INTEREST IN THE WATERSHEDWATERSHED

• WATER QUALITY MONITORING

MONITOR WATER QUALITYMONITOR WATER QUALITY

EXPANDED WATERSHED STUDYEXPANDED WATERSHED STUDY

• PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE

USGSUSGS

DNR

WGNHSWGNHS

CONSULTANTS

EXPANDED WATERSHED STUDYEXPANDED WATERSHED STUDY

• PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE

• STREAM FLOW MONITORINGSTREAM FLOW MONITORING

STREAM STREAM FLOWFLOW MONITORINGMONITORING

GROUNDWATER MONITORINGGROUNDWATER MONITORING

EXPANDED WATERSHED STUDYEXPANDED WATERSHED STUDY

• PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE

• STREAM FLOW MONITORINGSTREAM FLOW MONITORING

• LAKEBED TEMPERATURE MONITORING

LAKEBED TEMPERATURELAKEBED TEMPERATUREMONITORINGMONITORING

60

65

50

55

ATU

RE

(F)

40

45

TEM

PER

A

30

35

Nov-06 Dec-06 Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-07

DATE

EXPANDED WATERSHED STUDYEXPANDED WATERSHED STUDY

• PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE

• STREAM FLOW MONITORINGSTREAM FLOW MONITORING

• LAKEBED TEMPERATURE MONITORING

• GROUNDWATER MODELING

GROUNDWATER MODELINGGROUNDWATER MODELINGGROUNDWATER DISCHARGETO LAKE

LAKE WATER DISCHARGETO AQUIFER

GROUNDWATER MODELINGGROUNDWATER MODELING

WATER LEVELS ATDEPTH OF

WELL SCREEN

WATER LEVELS ATDEPTH OF

WELL SCREENWELL SCREEN –NO PUMPING

WELL SCREEN –333 GPM

M ltiM lti t h d t dit h d t diMultiMulti--watershed studieswatershed studies

Chuck Dunning, USGSg,

Wisconsin Lakes Convention 2008

Dane County surface geologyDane County surface geology

T h i l A i tT h i l A i tTechnical AssistanceTechnical Assistance

Chuck Dunning and Herb Garn, USGS

Wisconsin Lakes Convention 2008

Public Data

Streamflow Data

Ground-Water-Level Data

Ground-Water-Level Data

Groundwater Groundwater Flow ModelsFlow Models•• Darcy’s Law Darcy’s Law -- Water flows downhillWater flows downhill•• Continuity Continuity –– Mass Balance; IN=OUTMass Balance; IN=OUT•• Numerical equations representing streams, Numerical equations representing streams,

wetlands, wells, etc.wetlands, wells, etc.•• Extensive data requirements Extensive data requirements -- “GI/GO”“GI/GO”•• Quantifies system / PredictionsQuantifies system / Predictions•• Highlights areas where more and what type of Highlights areas where more and what type of

data are neededdata are needed

Model DevelopmentModel DevelopmentModel DevelopmentModel Development•• “Take your best guess” “Take your best guess” -- Interpretation Interpretation

of hydrologic dataof hydrologic data•• “Draw a picture” “Draw a picture” -- Conceptual model Conceptual model

developmentdevelopment•• “Keep it as simple as possible” “Keep it as simple as possible” -- one one

layer?, multiple layers?layer?, multiple layers?•• “Build the machine” “Build the machine” -- Model Model

developmentdevelopment•• “Constrain the arm waving” “Constrain the arm waving” --

Calibration and sensitivity analysisCalibration and sensitivity analysis

U.S. Geological Survey Wisconsin Water Science Center

Lake Studies Program

Mission: To provide hydrologic water-quality andMission: To provide hydrologic, water quality, and other scientific information to:

1. Describe current characteristics and conditions of lakes,

2. Identify and understand water-quality problems,

3 P id d di f i l k d3. Provide an understanding of in-lake processes, and

4. Determine effective management actions to protect g por restore lakes.

Detailed Lake Studies Conducted by the U.S Geological Survey

Little St.

Whitefish

Shell

Lac duFlameau

Muskellunge

Dead Pike Little Rock

Lac CourteGermain

SilverKirby

RedCedarLake St. Croix

Clara

Lac CourteOreillesBalsam

D il

GreenPrimary Areas of Study

Nutrient Budgets / EutrophicationWater Level / EutrophicationAeration / Eutrophication

PikeDevilsFishCrystal

Graber Whitewater,RiceFowler

Wind

Aeration / EutrophicationPesticides / Trace MetalsHydrologyGround Water

Delavan

GenevaMcCook

Powers Lauderdale

Lake Data

Funding for Lake Studies• Lake Planning Grants (WDNR)

L k P t ti G t (WDNR)• Lake Protection Grants (WDNR)• Local Communities/agenciesLocal Communities/agencies• USGS Cooperative Funding