Todd Gregory Caldwell

The University of Texas at Austin • University Station, Box X • Austin, TX 78713

512.471.2003 ▪ todd.caldwell@beg.utexas.edu

Education

2011 Ph.D. University of Nevada, Reno, Hydrogeology Dissertation: Soil Heterogeneity in Arid Shrublands: Biotic and Abiotic Processes Advisors: Dr. Michael Young and Dr. Eric McDonald

1999 M.S. University of Nevada, Reno, Hydrogeology Thesis: Prescription Fire and Nutrient Dynamics in Tahoe Forest Soils Advisor: Dr. Dale Johnson

1997 B.S. University of New Mexico, Earth and Planetary Sciences Senior Research Project: Hyporheic processes and trace metal biogeochemistry in an upper montane watershed Advisor: Dr. Laura Crossey

Professional Appointments

2012 – Pres. Research Associate Bureau of Economic Geology Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX

2011 – 2012 2005 – 2011 2001 – 2005

Assistant Research Professor Research Soil Scientist Instrumentation Technician

Desert Research Institute Nevada System of Higher Education Division of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences Reno, NV

2000 – 2001 Hydrologist Pacific Northwest National Lab Hydrology Group Richland, WA

Teaching and Mentoring

Advanced vadose zone processes (GEO 391), Instructor, University of Texas at Austin, spring 2016, 10 graduate students.

Hydrogeology Field Camp (GEO 376L/382C), Co-Instructor with P. Bennet, University of Texas at Austin, summer 2015, 10 graduate students, 14 undergraduates.

Hydrogeology Field Camp (GEO 376L/382C), Co-Instructor with K. Moffett and P. Bennet, University of Texas at Austin, summer 2013, 10 graduate students, eight undergraduates.

Soil Physics (NRES 422/622), Instructor, University of Nevada, Reno, spring 2012, four graduate students, eight undergraduates.

Graduate Co-Advisor: Chelsea Halley, M.S. University of Texas at Austin, 2016; Raquel Flinker, M.S. University of Texas at Austin, 2014; Ryan Soutter, B.S. University of Texas at Austin, spring 2014, senior honor thesis.

Committee Member: Mathew Core, Ph.D. (Civil Eng.), 2015; Chuck Abolt, Ph.D. (Geo.), ~2018; Marcelo Azevedo, Ph.D. (Civil Eng.), ~2018; Gaston Guaglia, Ph.D. (Civil Eng.)

Laboratory Supervisor: managed 4-6 graduate and undergraduate student workers in the Soil Characterization Laboratory, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, for eight years.

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Honors and Awards

2013 Bureau of Economic Geology Author Achievement Award

2011 Runner up Graduate Student Poster Competition (S1), ASA-CSA-SSSA Annual Meeting

2010 The Colin Warden Memorial Endowment, Nevada System of Higher Ed.

2008 NSF Student Travel Grant, European Geosciences Union

1999 UNR Graduate Student Association Poster of the Year

Professional Service

Professional Societies: American Geophysical Union, Geological Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, American Association of State Climatologists, W-3188 USDA Multi-State Soil Physics Research Project

Committees: NSF Consortium for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science Inc. (CUAHSI) UT-Austin Rep (2013 – present); Agronomy Society of America, Early Career Member (2014 – 2017), Soil Science Society of America, Early Career Award Member (2017 – 2019).

Editorial: Associate Editor (2018 – 2020), Vadose Zone Journal; Associate Editor (2015 – 2017), Vadose Zone Journal; Associate Editor (2016-2018), Geoderma

Collaborator: TexMesonet, Co-PI and Coordinator; NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Calibration/Validation Partner (Core site status); ESA Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) ground validation data provider, Ground-Based Observations for Validation (GBOV) of Copernicus Global Land Products for Sentinel-1/3 validation.

Local Organizing Chair: National Drought Mitigation Center’s Technical Workshop on Drought and Season Forecasting Tools, Austin, TX, 6 December 2017. Link

Local Organizing Committee Chair: 6th International Workshop on Catchment Hydrological Modeling and Data Assimilation (CAHMDA-VI) held jointly with the 3rd International Workshop on Data Assimilation for Operational Hydrology and Water Management of the Hydrologic Ensemble Prediction Experiment (HEPEX-DAFOH III), Austin, Texas, 8 – 12 September 2014. Link

Coordinator, CUASHI 2015 Fall Cyberseminar Series, The Western US Drought on the Ground and from Space: Combining in situ and remotely sensed data to understand and mitigate drought. Link

Technical Session Coordinator:

“Grant Application Navigation and Resources for Expanding Early Career Opportunities”, Soil Science Society of America Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, 6-9 November 2016. Link

"Remote Sensing of Land Surface and Vadose Zone Hydrologic Processes" Soil Science Society of America Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, 6-9 November 2016. Link

“Modeling Soil Processes in the Geological Sciences: Status, Gains, and Opportunities”, Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, 25-28 September 2016.

“Remote Sensing of Soil Water: Soil Moisture Active Passive and Beyond”, Soil Science Society of America Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, 15 – 18 November 2015. Link

“Grant Application Navigation and Resources for Expanding Early Career Opportunities”, Soil Science Society of America Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, 18 November 2015.

“Hillslope Dynamics: Integrating Soils, Hydrology, and Climatic Processes to Understand Weathering and Sediment Transport on Drainage Basin Slopes”, Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, 1 – 4 November 2015.

“Soil Development and Pedogenesis in Geosciences”, Geological Society of Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, 19 – 22 October 2014.

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“Soil as a controller and integrator of geological processes”, Geological Society of Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, 19 – 22 October 2014.

“The Co-Evolution of Soils and Landscapes in the Quaternary”, Geological Society of America 125th Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, 27 – 30 October 2013, with co-sponsorship from the Soil Science Society of America. Link

“Soil as a Mediator of Geological Processes”, South-Central Section, Geological Society of America 47th Annual Meeting, Austin, TX, 4 – 5 April 2013 Link

Peer-Reviewed Manuscripts

Google Scholar H-Index of 19; ISI H-Index of 13, Researcher ID: H‐5129‐2011

Reichle, R.H., G.M. De Lannoy, L. Qing, J.V. Ardizzone, A. Colliander, A. Conaty, W. Crow, T. Jackson, L.A. Jones, J.S. Kimball, R.D. Koster, S.P. Mahanama, E.B. Smith, A. Berg, S. Bircher, D. Bosch, T. Caldwell, M. Cosh, Á.González-Zamora, C.D.H. Collins, S. Livingston, E. Lopez-Baeza, J. Martínez-Fernández, H. McNairn, M. Moghaddam, A. Pacheco, T. Pellarin, J. Prueger, T. Rowlandson, M. Seyfried, P. Starks, Z. Su, M. Thibeault, F. Uldall, J. Walker, and X. Wu, Assessment of the SMAP Level-4 Surface and Root Zone Soil Moisture Product using in situ measurements, J.

Hydrometeorology, 18, 2621-2645, 10.1175/JHM-D-17-0063.1..

Young, M. H., J. Andrews, T. G. Caldwell, and K. Saylam (2017), Airborne LiDAR and aerial imagery to assess potential burrow locations for the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), Remote Sens., 9, 458.

Clewley, D., J. B. Whitcomb, R. Akbar, A. R. Silva, A. Berg, J. R. Adams, T.G. Caldwell, D. Entekhabi, and M. Moghaddam (2017), A method for upscaling in situ soil moisture measurements to satellite footprint scale using random forests, IEEE J-STARS, 1-11, 10.1109/JSTARS.2017.2690220.

Ouellette, J. D., J. T. Johnson, A. Balenzano, F. Mattia, G. Satalino, S. B. Kim, R. S. Dunbar, A. Colliander, M. H. Cosh, T.G. Caldwell, J. P. Walker, and A. A. Berg (2017), A time-series approach to estimating soil moisture from vegetated surfaces using L-Band radar backscatter, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., PP, 1-8, 10.1109/TGRS.2017.2663768.

Kim, S. B., J. J. van Zyl, J. T. Johnson, M. Moghaddam, L. Tsang, A. Colliander, R. S. Dunbar, T. J. Jackson, S. Jaruwatanadilok, R. West, A. Berg, T.G. Caldwell, M. H. Cosh, D. C. Goodrich, S. Livingston, E. López-Baeza, T. Rowlandson, M. Thibeault, J. P. Walker, D. Entekhabi, E. G. Njoku, P. E. O' Neill, and S. H. Yueh (2017), Surface soil moisture retrieval using the L-band synthetic aperture radar onboard the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite and evaluation at core validation sites, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 1-18, 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2631126.

Degré, A., M. J. van der Ploeg, T.G. Caldwell, and H. P. A. Gooren (2017), Comparison of soil water potential sensors: A drying experiment, Vadose Zone J., 16, 10.2136/vzj2016.08.0067.

Colliander, A., T. J. Jackson, R. Bindlish, S. Chan, N. Das, S. B. Kim, M. H. Cosh, R. S. Dunbar, L. Dang, L. Pashaian, J. Asanuma, K. Aida, A. Berg, T. Rowlandson, D. Bosch, T.G. Caldwell, K. Caylor, D. Goodrich, H. al Jassar, E. Lopez-Baeza, J. Martínez-Fernández, A. González-Zamora, S. Livingston, H. McNairn, A. Pacheco, M. Moghaddam, C. Montzka, C. Notarnicola, G. Niedrist, T. Pellarin, J. Prueger, J. Pulliainen, K. Rautiainen, J. Ramos, M. Seyfried, P. Starks, Z. Su, Y. Zeng, R. van der Velde, M. Thibeault, W. Dorigo, M. Vreugdenhil, J. P. Walker, X. Wu, A. Monerris, P. E. O'Neill, D. Entekhabi, E. G. Njoku, and S. Yueh (2017), Validation of SMAP surface soil moisture products with core validation sites, Remote Sens. Environ., 191, 215-231, DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2017.01.021

Abolt, C. J., M. H. Young, and T. G. Caldwell (2017), Numerical modelling of ice-wedge polygon geomorphic transition, Permafrost and Periglac. Process., 28, 347-355.

Shellito, P. J., E. E. Small, A. Colliander, R. Bindlish, M. H. Cosh, A. A. Berg, D. D. Bosch, T.G. Caldwell, D. C. Goodrich, H. McNairn, J. H. Prueger, P. J. Starks, R. van der Velde, and J. P. Walker (2016), SMAP soil moisture drying more rapid than observed in situ following rainfall events, Geophys. Res. Letters, 43(15), 8068-8075, DOI: 10.1002/2016gl069946.

Chan, S., R. Bindlish, P. O’Neill, E. Njoku, T. Jackson, A. Colliander, F. Chen, M. Burgin, S. Dunbar, J. Piepmeier, S. Yueh, D. Entekhabi, M. Cosh, T.G. Caldwell, J. Walker, X. Wu, A. Berg, T. Rowlandson, A. Pacheco, H. McNairn, M. Thibeault, J. Martínez-Fernández, A. González-Zamora, M. Seyfried, D. Bosch, P. Starks, D. Goodrich, J. Prueger, M.

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Palecki, E.E. Small, M. Zreda, J. Calvet, W. Crow, and Y. Kerr (2016), Assessment of the SMAP Level 2 Passive Soil Moisture Product, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 54, 4994-5007, 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2561938.

Zhu, J., D. Sun, M.H. Young, T.G. Caldwell, and F. Pan (2015), Shrub spatial organization and partitioning of evaporation and transpiration in arid environments, Ecohydrology, DOI: 10.1002/eco.1576.

Rau, B.M., J.C. Chambers, D.A. Pyke, B.A. Roundy, E.W. Schupp, P. Doescher, and T.G. Caldwell (2014), Soil resources influence vegetation and response to fire and fire-surrogate treatments in sagebrush-steppe ecosystems, Rangeland Ecology & Management, DOI: 10.2111/REM-D-14-00027.1

Caldwell, T.G., T. Wöhling, M.H. Young, D.P. Boyle, and E.V. McDonald (2013), Characterizing disturbed desert soils using multiobjective parameter optimization, Vadose Zone J. DOI:10.2136/vzj2012.0083.

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, E.V. McDonald, and J. Zhu (2012), Soil heterogeneity in arid shrublands: Biotic and abiotic processes, Water Resour. Res., 48, W09551, DOI:10.1029/2012WR011963.

Flerchinger, G.N., T.G. Caldwell, J. Cho, S.P. Hardegree (2012), The Simultaneous Heat and Water Model: Model use, calibration and validation, Trans. ASABE, 55, 1395-1411.

Rau, B.M., D.W. Johnson, R.R. Blank, A. Lucchesi, T.G. Caldwell, and E.W. Schupp (2011), Transition from sagebrush steppe to annual grass (Bromus tectorum): Influence on belowground carbon and nitrogen, Rangeland Ecology & Management, 64, 139-147.

Rau, B.M., D.W. Johnson, R.R. Blank, R.J. Tausch, B.A. Roundy, R.F. Miller, T.G. Caldwell, and A. Lucchesi (2011), Woodland expansion’s influence on belowground carbon and nitrogen in the Great Basin U.S, J. Arid Environ., 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.04.005.

Wilcox, B.P., L. Turnbull, M.H. Young, C.J. Williams, S. Ravi, M.S. Seyfried, D.R. Bowling, R.L. Scott, M.J. Germino, T.G. Caldwell, and J. Wainwright (2011), Invasion of shrublands by exotic grasses: ecohydrological consequences in cold versus warm deserts, Ecohydrology, 10.1002/eco.247.

Bacon, S.N., E.V. McDonald, T.G. Caldwell, and G.K. Dalldorf (2010), Timing and distribution of alluvial fan sedimentation in response to strengthening of the late Holocene ENSO variability in the Sonoran Desert, southwestern Arizona, USA, Quaternary Research, 73, 425-438.

Caldwell, T.G., D.W. Johnson, W.W. Miller, R.G. Qualls, and R.R. Blank (2009), Prescription fire and anion retention in Tahoe forest soils. Soil Sci., 174, 594-600.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, and M.H. Young (2009), The seedbed microclimate and active revegetation of disturbed lands in the Mojave Desert, J. Arid Environments 73, 563-573.

Young, M.H., T.G. Caldwell, D.G. Meadows, and L.F. Fenstermaker (2009), Variability of soil physical and hydraulic properties at the Mojave Global Change Facility, Nevada: Implications for water budget and evapotranspiration, J. Arid Environ. 73, 733-744.

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, J. Zhu, and E.V. McDonald (2008), Spatial structure of hydraulic properties from canopy to interspace in the Mojave Desert, Geophys. Res. Lett. 35, L19406, DOI:10.1029/2008GL035095.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, S.N. Bacon, and G. Stullenbarger (2008), The performance and sustainability of vehicle dust courses for desert military testing, J. Terramechanics, 45, 213-221.

Bacon, S.N., E.V. McDonald, S. Baker, T.G. Caldwell, and G. Stullenbarger (2008), Desert terrain characterization of landforms and surface cover within vehicle test courses at U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground, USA, J. Terramechanics, 45, 167-183.

Shafer, D.S., M.H. Young, S.F. Zitzer, T.G. Caldwell and E.V. McDonald (2007), Interrelated pedogenic, hydraulic, biotic and abiotic processes during the past 125 000 years of landscape evolution in the northern Mojave Desert, Nevada, USA, J. Arid Environ., 69, 633-657.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, and M.H. Young (2006), Soil disturbance and hydrologic response at the National Training Center, Ft. Irwin, California, J. Arid Environ., 67, 456-472.

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Johnson, D.W., R.B. Susfalk, T.G. Caldwell, J.D. Murphey, W.W. Miller, and R.F. Walker (2004), Fire effects on carbon and nitrogen budgets in forests, Water Air Soil Pollut. 4, 263-275.

Young, M.H., E.V. McDonald, T.G. Caldwell, S.G. Benner, and D.G. Meadows (2004), Hydraulic properties of a desert soil chronosequence in the Mojave Desert, USA, Vadose Zone J., 3, 956-963.

Caldwell, T.G., D.W. Johnson, W.W. Miller, and R.G. Qualls (2002), Forest floor carbon and nitrogen losses due to prescription fire, Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J., 66, 262-267.

Gee, G.W., A.L. Ward, T.G. Caldwell, and J.C. Ritter (2002), A vadose zone water fluxmeter with divergence control, Water Resour. Res., 38, 10.1029/2001WR000816.

Sisson, J.B., W.L. Bratton, G.W. Gee, J.M. Hubbell, J.C. Ritter, and T.G. Caldwell (2002), Advances in tensiometry for long-term monitoring of soil water pressures, Vadose Zone J., 1, 310-315.

Johnson, D.W., R.B. Susfalk, R.A. Dahlgren, T.G. Caldwell, and W.W. Miller (2001), Nutrient fluxes in a snow-dominated, semi-arid forest: Spatial and temporal patterns, Biogeochem., 55, 219-245.

Manuscripts in preparation or review

Bindlish, R., T. J. Jackson, M. H. Cosh, T. Koike, X. Fuiji, R. de Jeu, S. Chan, J. Asanuma, A. Berg, D. Bosch, T.G. Caldwell, C. Holifield Collins, H. McNairn, J. Martínez-Fernández, J. Prueger, M. Seyfried, P. Starks, Z. Su, M. Thibeault, J. Walker, and E. Coopersmith, GCOM-W AMSR2 Soil Moisture Product Validation Using Core Validation Sites, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., In press.

Caldwell, T.G., R. Casteel, M.H. Cosh, M.H. Young, T. Bongiovanni, C.J. Abolt, T. Larson, B.R. Scanlon, T.J. Jackson, A. Colliander, and S.H. Yueh, The Texas Soil Observation Network data set: soil moisture at replicated scale, Water Resour. Res., In preparation.

Caldwell, T.G., S.B Jones, M.H. Cosh, C. Halley, C.J. Abolt, and M.H. Young, Field and laboratory evaluation of the CS655 soil water content sensor, Vadose Zone Journal, in preparation.

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, T.J. Jackson, M.H. Cosh, A. Colliander, V. Lakshmi, B.R. Scanlon, N. Das, and S. Yueh, Evaluation of SMAP products over a posterior designed soil moisture network, Water Resources Research, in preparation.

Chan, S., R. Bindlish, P. O’Neill, T. Jackson, E. Njoku, S. Dunbar, J. Chaubell, J. Piepmeier, S. Yueh, D. Entekhabi, A. Colliander, F. Chen, M. Cosh, T.G. Caldwell, J. Walker, A. Berg, H. McNairn, M. Thibeault, J. Martínez-Fernández, F. Uldall, M. Seyfried, D. Bosch, P. Starks, C. Holifield Collins, J. Prueger, R. van der Velde, J. Asanuma, M. Palecki, E.E. Small, M. Zreda, J. Calvet, W. Crow, and Y. Kerr (2017), Development and assessment of the SMAP enhanced passive soil moisture product, Remote Sens. Environ, in press, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.08.025.

Colliander, A., T.J. Jackson, S.K. Chan, P. O’Neill, R. Bindlish, M. Cosh, T. Caldwell, J. Walker, A. Berg, H. McNairn, M. Thibeault, J. Martínez-Fernández, F. Uldall, J. Asanuma, M.S. Seyfried, D.D. Bosch, P. Starks, C. Holyfield Collins, J.H., Prueger, Z. Su., E. Lopez-Baeza, Assessing the Differences between Spatial Resolution and Grid Spacing for the SMAP Soil Moisture Product, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., In press.

Das, N., D. Entekhabi, S. Dunbar, A. Colliander, F. Chen, W. Crow, T. Jackson, A. Berg; D. Bosch, T.G. Caldwell, M. Cosh, D. Goodrich, E. Lopez-Baeza, M. Moghaddam, T. Rowlandson, P. Starks, M. Thibeault, J. Walker, X. Wu, P. O'Neill, S. Yueh, and E. Njoku, The SMAP Mission Combined Active-Passive Soil Moisture Product at 9 km and 3km Spatial Resolutions, Remote Sensing of Environment, in review.

Flinker R.H., M.B. Cardenas, T.G. Caldwell, G.N. Flerchinger, R. Rich, and P.B. Reich, Assessing the effects of atmospheric CO2 on grassland soil moisture through modeling guided by observations from a free-air CO2 enrichment experiment (BioCON), Hydrological Processes, in revision.

Kolassa, J., R.H. Reichle, Q. Liu, T.G. Caldwell, A. Colliander, M. Cosh, C. Holifield, T.J. Jackson, and M. Moghaddam, Data assimilation to extract soil moisture information from SMAP observations, Journal of Geophysical Research, In press.

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Kolassa, J., R.H. Reichle , Q. Liu , S.H. Alemohammad, P. Gentine , K.Aida, J. Asanuma, S. Bircher , T. Caldwell , A. Colliander , M. Cosh , C. Holield Collins , T.J. Jackson, K. H. Jensen , J. Martnez-Fernandez , H. McNairn , A. Pacheco , M. Thibeault , J.P. Walker (2017), Estimating surface soil moisture from SMAP observations using a Neural Network technique, Remote Sens. Environ., in press.

Book Chapters, Proceedings, and Indexed Technical Reports

Caldwell, T.G., T. Bongiovanni, B. Wolaver, and R. Smyth, Monitoring Hydrologic Effects of Saltcedar Control Efforts in the Upper Brazos River Basin, Texas, Final Technical Report submitted to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Contract No. 483138, 83 pp.

Nielsen-Gammon, J.W., G. Fipps, T. Caldwell, D.B. McRoberts, and D. Conlee (2017), Feasibility Study for Development of Statewide Evapotranspiration Network, Final Technical Report to the Texas Water Development Board, Contract Number 1613581995 90 pp.

Caldwell, T.G. (2017), Soft Money Research: Understanding the Basics and Keys to Success, Crops, Soils, Agronomy News, 62, 33-34, 10.2134/csa2017.62.0407.

Caldwell, T.G., J.H. Huntington, A. Joros, T. Howard, and B.R. Scanlon (2017), Improving Irrigation Water Use Estimates with Remote Sensing Technologies: A feasibility study for Texas, Final Technical Report to Texas Water Development Board, 78 Pp. Link

Jackson, T., P. O’Neill, E. Njoku, S, Chan, R. Bindlish, A. Colliander, F. Chen, M. Burgin, S. Dunbar, J. Piepmeier, M. Cosh, T. Caldwell, J. Walker, X. Wu, A. Berg, T. Rowlandson, A. Pacheco, H. McNairn, M. Thibeault, J. Martínez-Fernández, Á. González-Zamora, M. Seyfried, D. Bosch, P. Starks, D. Goodrich, J. Prueger, Z. Su, R. van der Velde, J. Asanuma, M. Palecki, E. Small, M. Zreda, J. Calvet, W. Crow, Y. Kerr, S. Yueh, and D. Entekhabi (2016), Calibration and Validation for the L2/3_SM_P Version 3 Data Products, SMAP Project, JPL D-93720, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA. 48 Pp.

McDonald, E., T. Caldwell, T. Mihevc, S. Baker, S. Bacon, S. Jenkins, D. Sabol, and R. Schumer (2013), Global Military Operating Environments (GMOE): Linking Natural Environments, International Security, and Military Operations, Technical Report to the U.S. Army Research Office, 54 Pp.

McGraw, D., T.G. Caldwell, and H. Green, Development of pedotransfer functions for the Infiltration characteristics of the Truckee Meadows, DRI Technical Report to Truckee Meadows Flood Control District, 24 Pp.

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, and E.V. McDonald (2011), Arid Soil Evolution and Pedologic Development: Process Considerations and Applications to Engineered Barrier Design, In T.J. Nicholson and H.D. Arlt (eds), Proceedings of the Workshop on Engineered Barrier Performance Related to Low-level Radioactive Waste, Decommissioning, and Uranium Tailings Facilities, NUREG/CP-0195, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Rockville, MD, Pp 7-24:27.

Heyvaert, A., D.M. Nover, T.G. Caldwell, W. B. Trowbridge, S.G. Schladow, J.E. Reuter (2011), Assessment of particle size analysis in the Lake Tahoe Basin, Technical Report to USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 156 Pp.

Chen, L., J.J. Miller, T.G. Caldwell, G. Dalldorf, K. Chief, M.H. Young, and X. Long (2010), Terrain, Soils and Runoff Potential in the Rainbow Wash Watershed, Maricopa County, Arizona, DRI Technical Report 41250, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Maricopa Flood Control District, 81 Pp.

Stevenson, B.A., E.V. McDonald, and T.G. Caldwell (2009), Root patterns for Larrea tridentata in relation to soil morphology in Mojave Desert soils of different ages, In R.H. Webb, L.F. Fenstermaker, J.S. Heaton, D.L. Hughson, E.V. McDonald, and D.M. Miller (eds), The Mojave Desert: Ecosystem Processes and Sustainability, University of Nevada Press, Pp. 312-338.

McDonald, E.V., and T.G. Caldwell (2008), Geochemical characteristics of Iraqi dust and soil samples and related impacts to weapon malfunction, In C.P. Nathanail, R.J. Abrahart, and R.P. Bradshaw (eds) Military Geography and Geology: History and technology, Land Quality Press, Nottingham, UK, Pp. 258-265.

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Miller, J.M., T.G. Caldwell, M.H. Young, and G. Dalldorf (2008), Verifying curve numbers in arid environments by combining detailed geomorphic mapping and pedotransfer functions, In Proceedings from the ASCE “the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008, Ahupua'a: Sustainability from the Mountains to the Sea,” doi:10.1061/40976(316)342.

Young, M.H., T.G. Caldwell, J.J. Miller, G.K. Dalldorf (2007), Hydraulic characteristics of soil contributing to the Windmill Wash Detention Basin near Bunkerville, Nevada, DRI Technical Report 41240, prepared for Clark County Regional Flood Control District, 60 Pp.

Young, M. H., Caldwell, T.G., Meadows, D. G., Shafer, D. S., Zitzer, S. F., Miller, J. J., McDonald, E. V., Goreham, J. O., Etyemezian, V., and Nikolich, G., 2007, Technical report: evaluation of topical application of Encapco emulsion on desert soils: Desert Research Institute, DRI Publication No. 41233.

Shafer, D. S., Young, M. H., Pohlmann, K. F., Zitzer, S. F., McDonald, E. V., Pohll, G., Caldwell, T.G., and Zachritz, W. H., 2006, Coupled environmental processes in the Mojave Desert and implications for ET covers as stable landforms, in Miller, G. A., Zapata, C. E., Houston, S. L., and Fredlund, D.G., eds., Unsaturated soils: ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication 147, p.718-729.

Last, G.V. and T.G. Caldwell (2001), Core sampling in support of the vadose zone transport field study, PNNL-13454, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

Last, G.V., T.G. Caldwell, and A.T. Owen (2001), Sampling of Boreholes WL-3A through -12 in Support of the Vadose Zone Transport Field Study, PNNL-13631, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

Ward, A.L., T.G. Caldwell, and G.W. Gee (2000), Vadose Zone Transport Field Study: Soil Water Content Distributions by Neutron Moderation, PNNL-13795, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

Invited Presentations

Caldwell, T.G., Texas Soil Observation Network, NDMC Technical Workshop on Drought and Seasonal Forecasting Tools, Austin, TX, 6 December 2017, Link

Caldwell, T.G., Validation and Application of the Soil Moisture Active Passive Satellite Mission in Texas, BEG Friday Seminar Series, Austin, TX, 3 November 2017, Link

Caldwell, T.G., Drought, flood and everywhere in between: A hydrologic view of Texas from satellites and sensors, Collectors’ Society Seminar Series, San Angelo Museum of Fine Art, San Angelo, TX, 2 March 2017. Link

Caldwell, T.G., Validation and application of the Soil Moisture Active Passive Satellite Mission, UNR Graduate Program of Hydrologic Sciences Colloquia, Reno, NV, 9 September 2016. Link

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, B.R. Scanlon, Z-L, Yang, N. Das, A. Colliander, S. Misra, S. Yueh, M. Cosh, R. Bindlish, and T. Jackson, Soil moisture, recharge and runoff in central Texas, NASA SMAP Applications Workshop and Tutorial, Texas Water Development Board, Austin, TX, 4 -5 April 2016. Link

Caldwell, T.G., The validation of soil moisture from sensors, satellites and simulations, Climate Forum, UT-Austin, 23 November 2015. Link

Caldwell, T.G., The Texas Soil Observation Network, Texas Groundwater Summit, San Marcos, TX, 25 – 27 August 2015. Link

Caldwell, T.G., Texas Droughts and Floods, Grace Museum of Modern Art, Abilene, TX, 19 March 2015, Evening Presentation Series.

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, B.R. Scanlon, Linking soil water to water resources in the Texas Hill Country, ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA, 2 – 5 November 2014. Link

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, and B.P. Wilcox, Transitionary biomes and the vertical flux of water in semiarid rangelands, Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, 27 – 30 October 2013. Abstract

Caldwell, T.G., B.R. Scanlon, D. Long, and M.H. Young, Ground-based measurements of soil water storage in Texas,

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Water Forum II: Texas Drought and Beyond, Austin, TX, 22 – 23 October 2012. Agenda

Caldwell, T.G., Soil Moisture and the Drought in Texas, Jackson School Hydrology Brown Bag, Austin, TX, 27 September 2013.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald and M.H Young, Arid soil evolution and pedologic development: Process considerations and applications to engineered barrier design, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Workshop on Engineered Barrier Performance Related to Low-Level Radioactive Waste, Decommissioning and Uranium Mill Tailings Facilities, Rockville, MD, 3 – 5 August 2010. Agenda

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, J.M. Miller, L. Chen, G. Dalldorf, S.N. Bacon and E.V. McDonald, Hydrologic prediction of runoff potential using terrain forecasting, American Society of Flood Plain Managers: Tools for Arid Regions Flood Damage Reduction and Restoration, Reno, NV, 18 – 23 May 2008.

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, J. Zhu and E.V. McDonald, Hydropedology of canopy-interspace ecosystems in the Mojave Desert: Biotic and abiotic processes, Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Milwaukee, WI, 4 – 8 August 2008. Link

Caldwell, T.G. M.H. Young, J.M. Miller, and G.K. Dalldorf, Characterizing hydraulic properties in an arid watershed to aid in flood control and uncertainty analysis, Joint Meeting of the Geological Society of America and ASA-CSA-SSSA, Houston, TX, 6 – 10 October 2008.

Caldwell, T.G, E.V. McDonald, and G. McCurdy, Hillslope soils, microclimate and hydrology: Influence of slope and aspect, Oak Ecosystem Restoration Workshop, Catalina Island, CA, 2–4 February 2007.

Caldwell, T.G. and M.H. Young, Heterogeneities of soil hydraulic properties from canopy to interspace, NSF EPCOR Symposium on Scaling Environmental Processes in Heterogeneous Arid Soils, Las Vegas, NV, 30 August 2007.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, and T. Bullard, Linking soils, landscape and geomorphology: Catalina Island, CA, Oak Researchers Workshop, Long Beach CA, 22 March 2005.

Conference Presentations (first author only)

Caldwell, T.G., T. Bongiovanni, M.H. Young, and M.O. Gary, Quantifying diffuse recharge to the Edwards Aquifer using micro-meteorology and remote sensing, Geological Society of America, Seattle, WA, 22-25 October 2017. Abstract.

Caldwell, T.G., R. Casteel, M.H. Young, T. Bongiovanni, B.R. Scanlon, M.H. Cosh, T.J. Jackson, A. Colliander and S. Yueh, The TxSON data set: Soil Moisture at Nested Scales, 8th SMAP Cal/Val Workshop, Amherst, MA, 20-22 June, 2017.

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, T. Jackson, M. Cost, A. Colliander, N. Das, and S. Yueh, A Posterior Designed Soil Moisture Network for the Validation of SMAP Products, The Texas Soil Observation Network – one year in, ASA-CSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, 8 November 2016. Presentation

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, B.R. Scanlon, Z-L, Yang, C. Halley, A. Colliander, N. Das, S. Misra, S. Yueh, M. Cosh, R. Bindlish, and T. Jackson, The Texas Soil Observation Network – one year in, MOISST: The Growing Science of Soil Moisture Sensing, Stillwater, OK, 17-18 May 2016. Link

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, B.R. Scanlon, Z.-L. Yang, Validation of soil moisture data from sensors, satellites and simulations using the Texas Soil Observation Network, International Soil Modeling Consortium. Austin International Conference on Soil Modeling, Austin, Texas, 29 March – 1 April 2016. Link

Caldwell, T.G., A. Colliander, S. Misra, C. Abolt, S.H. Yueh and M.H. Young, Soil moisture network assessment using the Passive and Active L- and S-Band System in Texas, ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, 15 – 18 November 2015. Link

Caldwell, T.G., C. Abolt, M.H. Young, and T. Larson, Soil stratigraphy and water content estimation within the active layer of a tundra soil using ground penetrating radar, North Slope, Alaska, Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Environmental and Engineering Problems, Austin, TX, 22 – 26 March 2015.

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Caldwell, T.G., B.R. Scanlon, M.H. Young, Z.-L. Yang, Linking soil water storage to long-term outlooks of water supply anomalies in Texas, Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, 19 – 22 October 2014. Abstract

Caldwell, T.G., B.R. Scanlon, M.H. Young, Soil moisture, drought and water resources in Texas, MOISST Workshop: Advancing Soil Moisture Science and Application, Stillwater, OK, 4 – 5 June 2014. Link

Caldwell, T.G., B.R. Scanlon, M.H. Young, Linking soil moisture to water resources in the Texas Hill Country, Third In-situ and Remote Soil Moisture Sensing Technology Conference, Houston, TX, 12 – 14 March 2014,

Caldwell, T.G., B.R. Scanlon, D. Long., M.H. Young, Soil moisture from ground-based networks and the North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 Model: Are the right values somewhere in between? American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 9 – 13 December 2013.

Caldwell, T.G., B.R. Scanlon, M.H. Young, D. Long, Soil moisture and drought in Texas, Water Forum III: Droughts and Other Extreme Weather Events, Austin, TX, 14 – 15 October 2013. Agenda

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, and E.V. McDonald, Soil development, time, and ecosystem function in water-limited systems, AGU Chapman Conference, Tucson, AZ, 21 – 24 October 2013.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, and M.H. Young, Soil development and the ecohydrology of arid lands, Geological Society of America South-Central Section Annual Meeting, Austin, TX, 4 – 5 April 2013. Abstract

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, B.R. Scanlon, and D. Long, NLDAS and soil moisture networks: Do they compare? W-2188 Multi-State Soil Physics Group Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, 2 – 4 January 2013.

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, B.R. Scanlon, and D. Long, NLDAS-2 and COSMOS: How do they compare? NSF Third COSMOS Workshop, Tucson, AZ, 10 – 12 December 2012.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, S. Bacon, M. Young, and H. Lin, Hydropedology and ecosystem response on an arid soil chronosequence, 2nd International Conference on Hydropedology, Leipzig, Germany, 22 – 27 July 2012. Abstract

Caldwell, T.G., T. Wöhling, G.N. Flerchinger, M.H. Young, E.V. McDonald and S.P. Hardegree. Inverse modeling water contents of semiarid soils using multi-objective parameter optimization to obtain the compromise solution, ASA-CSA-SSSA Annual Conference, San Antonio, TX, 16 – 19 October 2011. Abstract *S-1 Student Poster Competition, runner up

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, S.N. Bacon, R. Schumer and T.F. Bullard, Cleared circles: anthropogenic or biogenic? Use of non-invasive geophysical techniques to determine origin, Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Environmental and Engineering Problems, Charleston, SC, 10 – 14 April 2011.

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, J. Zhu, and E.V. McDonald, Soil heterogeneity in arid shrublands: biotic and abiotic controls on soil moisture variability, W-2188 Soil Physics Group Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, 3 – 5 January 2011.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, S.N. Bacon, M.H. Young and R. Schumer, Paleoclimate simulations and nitrate accumulation in a hyper-arid desert soil, ASA-CSA-SSSA Annual Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, 2 – 6 November 2009. Abstract

Caldwell, T.G., M. Sweeney, S.N. Bacon and E.V. McDonald, Hydraulic gradient and dust emissivity along a playa to distal fan transect, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 14 – 18 December 2009.

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, J. Zhu and E.V. McDonald, Heterogeneity of soils and hydraulic properties from canopy to interspace in the Mojave Desert, NWRA 2008 Recharge Symposium, Las Vegas, NV, 9 – 11 April 2008.

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, J. Zhu and E.V. McDonald, Gradation of soil hydraulic properties from canopy to interspace on a Mojave Desert soil chronosequence, European Geosciences Union, Vienna, Austria, 14 – 18 April 2008.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, M.H. Young, S.N. Bacon and G. Marion, Numerical simulations of salt accumulation in a hyper-arid soil chronosequence in the Sonoran Desert, Joint Meeting of the Geological Society of America and ASA-CSA-SSSA, Houston, TX, 6 – 10 October 2008.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, D.P. Boyle and M.H. Young, Parameter Optimization of Hydrus-1D: single and multi-

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objective functions, W-1188 Soil Physics Multi-State Research Group 2007 Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, 2 – 4 January 2007.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, D.P. Boyle and M.H. Young, Numerical models for the active restoration of arid lands: Parameterization, optimization and sensitivity analysis, ARO Terrestrial Sciences Soil Moisture Meeting, Colorado Springs, CO, 5 – 6 March 2007.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, M.H. Young, E.P. Hamerlynck and S.N. Bacon, Soil development and hydrology of an arid soil chronosequence in the Sonoran Desert, Unsaturated Zone Interest Group Meeting, Los Alamos, NM, 27 – 30 August 2007.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, S.N. Bacon, and G. Stullenbarger, Performance of vehicle dust courses for military testing: Realistic test setting or gone with the wind? International Society of Terrain-Vehicle Systems Conference, Fairbanks, AK, 23 – 26 June 2007.

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, J. Zhu, and E.V. McDonald, Impact of small-scale heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties on the large-scale water balance, ASA-SSSA-CSA Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 5 – 9 November 2007.

Caldwell, T.G., M.H. Young, J. Zhu, L. Fenstermaker and E.V. McDonald, Scaling heterogeneous soil hydraulic properties using canopy/interspace distributions in a Mojave Desert Ecosystem, American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 10 – 14 December 2007.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, M.H. Young and B.A. Stevenson, Coupling hydropedology and root distributions in arid soils: numerical simulations, W-1188 Soil Physics Multi-State Research Group Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, 3 – 4 January 2006.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, and R.P. Sparks, The integration of soils and hydrology for restoration planning on military lands, ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Indianapolis IN, 12 – 16 November 2006.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, M.H. Young, E.P. Hamerlynck and S.N. Bacon, Ecohydrology of an arid soil chronosequence in the Sonoran Desert, Yuma Proving Ground, USA, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 11 – 15 December 2006.

Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, M.H. Young, and B.A. Stevenson, Modeling the interdependence of hydropedology and root distributions of Larrea tridentata in the Mojave Desert, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 5 – 9 December 2005.

Outreach and Multi-Media Coverage

KLRN Virtual Classroom | Soil, Panelist, August 19, 2015 - https://ovee.itvs.org/screenings/48tac

Medill National Security Zone, June 6, 2015, “NASA’s soil-moisture satellite data helps fight California droughts”, Link

Wired Magazine, May 29, 2015, “Texas Floods are so big they ended the State’s Drought” Link

Texas Water Resources Institute txH2O feature story, Summer 2015 issue, “Satellites, Sensors and Soils: research digs deeper into soil moisture mysteries” Link

Abilene Reporter News, March 20, 2015, “Glimmer of hope given at talk about drought” link

NASA-JPL Feature Story, May 6, 2015, “How Dry is Texas? SMAP, TxSON aim to find out”, Link

Nature News, January 27, 2015, “Soil-moisture probe readies for launch” http://www.nature.com/news/soil-moisture-probe-readies-for-launch-1.16764

Texas Tribune, February 10, 2015, “Q&A: Todd Caldwell”, http://www.texastribune.org/2015/02/10/q-todd-caldwell/

KVUE News, February 8, 2015, Austin, TX, “UT, LCRA team with NASA on $900M forecasting satellite”, Link

News 4 San Antonio, February 4, 2015, “NASA Satellite to give better insight of moisture”, Link

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Physics.org, Spotlight Science News, February 3, 2015, “Drought and flood prediction gets boost from new Texas network and NASA satellite” http://phys.org/news/2015-02-drought-boost-texas-network-nasa.html

El Paso Times, January 31, 2015, “Satellite might help explain Texas water deficit”, Link

NPR News Feature Story, November 24, 2014, “How Underground Sensors in Texas Will Help NASA Predict Drought and Floods” http://kut.org/post/how-underground-sensors-texas-will-help-nasa-predict-drought-and-floods

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Continuing Education Units (1 unit), presentation and discussion “Drought, Soil Moisture and Water Resources in Texas”, April 15, 2014.

Texas Water Development Board, Brown Bag Presentation, December 7, 2012, Soil Water Storage in Texas: What we are measuring and how it compares to model predictions.

Nuclear Regulatory Commission, invited workshop attendee, Workshop on Engineered Barrier Performance Related to Low-Level Radioactive Waste, Decommissioning and Uranium Mill Tailings Facilities, Rockville, MD, August 3-5, 2010.

Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, invited participant at “Field Day”, tour leader of soil micromet stations, September 20, 2008.

American Society of Flood Plain Managers, A Living River Approach to Floodplain Management: 31st Annual Conference of the Association of State Floodplain Managers, Reno, NV, 18-23 May 2008, workshop development for “Tools for Arid Regions Flood Damage Reduction and Restoration” and presentation of “Hydrologic Prediction of Runoff Potential Using Terrain Forecasting, Bunkerville, NV.”

Department of Defense, Army Advanced Concept Workshop – Disturbed Soil Characterization and Exploitation, 15-17 January 2008, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, Workshop participant and final report contributor.

Department of Defense, Integration of New Methods in Soils and Geomorphology Applied to Cultural Resources Management on Military Lands, 20-22 October 2008, San Diego, CA, Workshop participant and final report contributor.

Department of Defense, Army Research Office, Terrestrial Sciences Soil Moisture/Arid Lands Research Review Meeting, Colorado Springs, CO, 5-6 March 2007, invited participant, presented “Numerical Models for the Active Restoration of Arid Lands: Parameterization, Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis”.

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Grants and Contracts

2017-2018 $41K Continued Monitoring of Hydrologic Effects of Saltcedar Control Efforts in the Upper Brazos River Basin, Texas, Texas Parks and Wildlife Depart., PI, contract.

2016-2017 $18K Water level and water quality monitoring of three west Texas springs in critical habitats, The Nature Conservancy, PI, contract.

2016-2017 $281K Monitoring and Modeling the Hydrologic Effects of Saltcedar Control Efforts in the Upper Brazos River Basin, Texas, Texas Parks and Wildlife Dept., PI with B. Wolaver.

2016-2017 $150K Feasibility of a state-wide PET network for Texas, Texas Water Development Board, Co-I with J. Nielson-Gammon (TAMU).

2016 $30K Evaluation of Water Demand Projection Methodologies, Texas Water Development Board, Co-I with B. Scanlon.

2016-2019 $524K Quantifying Diffuse Recharge at Camp Bullis, TX: integrating soil water, evapotranspiration, and remote sensing, Edwards Aquifer Authority, PI, contract.

2015-2017 $95K Monitoring the effects of groundwater level on spring and stream discharge, stream temperature, and habitat for Dionda diaboli in the Devils River, Texas Parks and Wildlife Division, Co-I with B. Wolaver.

2016 $97K Improving Recharge Estimates for the Edwards Plateau, NASA Strategic University Partnership Proposal (SURP), Co-I with N. Das and A. Colliander (JPL).

2014-2017 $222K The Hill Country Soil Moisture Network in Support of the NASA SMAP Cal/Val Mission, Jackson School of Geosciences Endowment, PI.

2013 – 2016 $194K Improving Irrigation Water Use Estimates with Remote Sensing Technologies: A Feasibility Study for Texas, Ag Conservation Grant, Texas Water Development Board, PI with J. Huntington (DRI).

2014 $17K Soil Organic Carbon in Ice Wedge Terrains of the Arctic Coastal Plains, Jackson School of Geosciences Seed Proposal, Co-I with M. Young (UT).

2014 – 2015 $98K The Fate of Carbon in Permafrost Soils: Linking Active Layer Depth to Subsurface Carbon Transport, NASA Strategic University Partnership Proposal (SURP), Co-I with M. Young (UT).

2014 $29K Soil hydraulic characterization across Camp Bullis, Edwards Aquifer Authority, Contract, PI, contract.

2011 – 2012 $98K Soil Hydraulic Properties and Mapping in Support of the Truckee River Flood Project, Subcontract to Manhard Engineering, Co-PI with D. McGraw (DRI), contract.

2009 – 2012 $400K Environmental Range Effects Characterization, Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat (JIEDD) Test Board, Co-PI with E. McDonald (DRI) and Draper Labs (MIT), contract.

2008 – 2010 $198K Standardization of particle sizing protocols within the Lake Tahoe Basin, US Forest Service SNPLMA, Co-PI with A. Hayvaert (DRI).

2008 – 2009 $81K Desert soils hydraulic characterization study, Maricopa County Flood Control District/USACE. Co-PI with M. Young (DRI), contract.

2008 – 2011 $2,300K GMOE I: Global Military Operating Environments: Linking Natural Environments, International Security, and Military Operations. Army Research Office, Co-I with E. McDonald (DRI), contract.

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2006 – 2007 $89K Clark County soil hydraulic characterization, Clark County Regional flood control district/USACE. Co-PI with M. Young (DRI), contract.

2006 – 2008 $64K Scaling Hydraulic Properties, Proof of Concept, National Science Foundation, EPSCOR/NSHE RT3 T28, PI.

2006 – 2009 $197K Desert Soil Characterization for Detection of Buried Landmines, Unexploded Ordinance, and Tunnels, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Co-PI with D. Sabol and E. McDonald (DRI).

2005 – 2008 $120K Real-time climate monitoring networks across Catalina Island, Santa Catalina Island Conservancy, Seaver Grant and Long Beach Unified School District, PI.