To what extent have the ideas of To what extent have the ideas of Ancient Rome influenced modern Ancient Rome influenced modern

society?society? Step 1: Find the Roman picture that Step 1: Find the Roman picture that

best corresponds to each modern best corresponds to each modern image. MAKE SURE TO LOOK AT THE image. MAKE SURE TO LOOK AT THE DETAILS AND THINK BEFORE YOU DETAILS AND THINK BEFORE YOU WRITE. WRITE.

Step 2: Use the Step 2: Use the headingsheadings! ! Find and Find and readread the section of the text related to the section of the text related to the imagethe image

Step 3: You must use Step 3: You must use info from the info from the texttext to to support your answersupport your answer

To what extent have the ideas of Ancient Rome To what extent have the ideas of Ancient Rome influenced modern society?influenced modern society?

Work hard, be nice and remember…Work hard, be nice and remember…he’s watching.he’s watching.

To what extent have the ideas of To what extent have the ideas of Ancient Rome influenced modern Ancient Rome influenced modern

society?society? Step 1: Find the Roman picture that Step 1: Find the Roman picture that

best corresponds to each modern best corresponds to each modern image. MAKE SURE TO LOOK AT THE image. MAKE SURE TO LOOK AT THE DETAILS AND THINK BEFORE YOU DETAILS AND THINK BEFORE YOU WRITE. WRITE.

Step 2: Use the Step 2: Use the headingsheadings! ! Find and Find and readread the section of the text related to the section of the text related to the imagethe image

Step 3: You must use Step 3: You must use info from the info from the texttext to to support your answersupport your answer

““Rome wasn’t built in a Rome wasn’t built in a day.”day.”

http://http://resourcesforhistory.com/resourcesforhistory.com/

map.htmmap.htm

And it didn’t fall in one And it didn’t fall in one either.either.

What caused the Fall of What caused the Fall of Rome?Rome?I D K….I D K….

Historians Don’t AgreeHistorians Don’t Agree There is no single answer to explain There is no single answer to explain

Rome’s collapseRome’s collapse There are many theories put forth by There are many theories put forth by

experts, some better respected than experts, some better respected than others others

The theories put forth by historians are The theories put forth by historians are their argumentstheir arguments

They support their theories by supplying They support their theories by supplying an enormous body of facts and evidence an enormous body of facts and evidence that support their argumentsthat support their arguments

What problems contributed What problems contributed to the collapse of the to the collapse of the

Roman Empire?Roman Empire?Let’s start by asking Tim & Let’s start by asking Tim &

Moby…Moby…

The Fall of RomeThe Fall of RomeInternal and External Internal and External

Problems Lead to Collapse; Problems Lead to Collapse; Rome Comes Apart From the Rome Comes Apart From the

Inside OutInside Out

Economic ProblemsEconomic ProblemsMoney, Money, Money, Money, Money, Money,

MoneyMoney

Economic ProblemsEconomic Problems High TaxesHigh Taxes

– Funded a gigantic army and Funded a gigantic army and governmentgovernment

Decline in TradeDecline in Trade High UnemploymentHigh Unemployment

– Not enough jobs in general, Not enough jobs in general, and less jobs w/ decent payand less jobs w/ decent pay

– Many jobs are also held by Many jobs are also held by slavesslaves

SlaverySlavery Treatment depended Treatment depended

on owneron owner– From domestic servant, From domestic servant,

farm worker, manual farm worker, manual labor, or thrown in labor, or thrown in gladiator gamesgladiator games

100 BC- historians 100 BC- historians estimate estimate 1/3 1/3 of of population was population was enslavedenslaved

Income Gap: Rich vs. PoorIncome Gap: Rich vs. Poor GapGap between rich and poor grew widerbetween rich and poor grew wider In simple terms “The rich grew richer,

the poor got poorer” Wealthy grew “Mega Rich” while an Wealthy grew “Mega Rich” while an

increasing number lived in increasing number lived in poverty poverty and barely survived

““Hey. We need more Hey. We need more money.” money.”

““Let’s just make some Let’s just make some more.” more.”

Inflation in RomeInflation in Rome More More currency currency ($$$) is made ($$$) is made The prices of all The prices of all goods goods go upgo up So the currency ($$$) So the currency ($$$) losesloses value- it value- it

becomes worth becomes worth lessless In Rome, emperors made more coins, In Rome, emperors made more coins,

but put less silver in those coinsbut put less silver in those coins

Copy this into your notesCopy this into your notes

InflationInflation

What is this word?

AgriculturalAgricultural FamineFamine- shortage of food- shortage of food

– When famine hits and When famine hits and diseasedisease spreads spreads Grain PriceGrain Price

– Went up and down (fluctuated) greatlyWent up and down (fluctuated) greatly Farms- Farms-

– Wealthy families acquired huge tracts of Wealthy families acquired huge tracts of land, used slaves and cheap labor to do land, used slaves and cheap labor to do their worktheir work

– Small farms could not Small farms could not competecompete, , closed closed downdown and moved to city to find work….. and moved to city to find work…..

DiseaseDisease We think millions of Romans died We think millions of Romans died

from a variety of diseases that from a variety of diseases that spread through the empire in wavesspread through the empire in waves

Killed maybe 20% of the populationKilled maybe 20% of the population

Political Problems:Political Problems: Issues in the Roman Government: Issues in the Roman Government: Corruption, Instability, Lousy (and Corruption, Instability, Lousy (and

sometimes loony) Leadershipsometimes loony) Leadership

Government SpendingGovernment Spending Huge Military CostsHuge Military Costs

– Expensive Expensive warswars; costs only ; costs only increasingincreasing

– Constantly protecting Constantly protecting bordersborders Foolish Spending Foolish Spending

– Spent money on Spent money on themselvesthemselves as Romans continued to sufferas Romans continued to suffer

– GladiatorGladiator games and parties games and parties ““Bread and circuses”Bread and circuses”

– Rulers spent a fortune on free Rulers spent a fortune on free food and entertainment to food and entertainment to poorpoor

If an Emperor rules for life…If an Emperor rules for life…how do you get a new one?how do you get a new one?

SuccessionSuccession Succession- rules for

who takes power next, who is next in line to rule

The Romans never had clear rules

Tried to figure it out as they went

As a result, Civil war was frequent as groups and people fought for power

InstabilityInstability 29 29 emperors in just overemperors in just over 100 100

yearsyears– Assassinations, plots, power Assassinations, plots, power

strugglesstruggles After an emperor died, rivals After an emperor died, rivals

would fight for power (would fight for power (civil warcivil war)) Great generals killed off by Great generals killed off by

insecure emperorsinsecure emperors SenateSenate and emperors did not and emperors did not

work well togetherwork well together

Why Another Toilet? Why?Why Another Toilet? Why?

CommodeCommode Definition according to Webster’s Definition according to Webster’s Com•modeCom•mode noun noun

1. a low chest of drawers1. a low chest of drawers2. a movable stand containing a 2. a movable stand containing a washbowlwashbowl3. a chair enclosing a chamber pot3. a chair enclosing a chamber pot44. . a toileta toilet

Commodus helped flush Rome down Commodus helped flush Rome down the toiletthe toilet

Emperor CommodusEmperor Commodus He is not the reason He is not the reason

for Rome’s collapse; for Rome’s collapse; but just one example but just one example of a really, really, of a really, really, horrible emperorhorrible emperor

I don’t know if any I don’t know if any one great ruler could one great ruler could have saved ithave saved it

And I think he looks And I think he looks like Mr. Budinaslike Mr. Budinas

CommodusCommodus Personality: vain, Personality: vain,

paranoid, paranoid, immature, cruel immature, cruel and and obsessed w/ obsessed w/ gladiator gamesgladiator games

Rule was called Rule was called “one long party“one long party””

StoleStole from treasury; from treasury; spent a fortune on spent a fortune on himself himself

CommodusCommodus Played tough guy in Played tough guy in

rigged gladiator rigged gladiator matches, but was a matches, but was a horrible army horrible army commandercommander

Executed great Executed great generals and leadersgenerals and leaders if he saw them as a if he saw them as a threatsthreats

Lost Roman Lost Roman territoryterritory Ignored Ignored senate senate Bribed Bribed army officialsarmy officials Eventually Eventually

assassinatedassassinated

DiocletianDiocletian Tried to save empire by Tried to save empire by

splitting it in halfsplitting it in half– Thought it would be Thought it would be easiereasier to ruleto rule

But this led to But this led to power strugglespower struggles– No one wanted to settle for halfNo one wanted to settle for half– Who wants to be Co-Emperor?Who wants to be Co-Emperor?– Diocletian’s Diocletian’s plan to plan to split split the the

empire to help it didn’t workempire to help it didn’t work Killed the most Killed the most Christians Christians

– Led to resentment and rebellionLed to resentment and rebellion

Diocletian’s Divisions Diocletian’s Divisions

Memory DevicesMemory Devices DiocletainDiocletain

– Di= twoDi= two; he split empire into two; he split empire into two– Di= as in dieDi= as in die; he killed more; he killed more ChristiansChristians than any other emperor of than any other emperor of

RomeRome

West Rome

East Rome

mmmm….Rome

Christianity in the Roman Christianity in the Roman EmpireEmpire

ChristianityChristianity Since 1 AD, Christianity was Since 1 AD, Christianity was

spreading through the spreading through the Roman EmpireRoman Empire

Christianity’s founder, Christianity’s founder, Jesus Jesus of Nazarethof Nazareth, was , was crucified crucified by by Roman officialsRoman officials

His followers believed His followers believed Jesus to be the Jesus to be the messiah,messiah, or savior, of or savior, of mankindmankind

Followers called: Followers called: ChristiansChristians

The Threat of ChristianityThe Threat of Christianity Roman officials felt Roman officials felt threatenedthreatened by by

ChristianityChristianity Refused to Refused to serve in armyserve in army Would not worship Roman Would not worship Roman emperoremperor as a God as a God ““Power in Numbers”Power in Numbers”

– Christianity sought to Christianity sought to include poorinclude poor; the ; the poor greatly poor greatly outnumberedoutnumbered the rich the rich

– Worried they would Worried they would rebelrebel and overthrow and overthrow empireempire

Loyal to Christian beliefs over empireLoyal to Christian beliefs over empire

Persecution of ChristiansPersecution of Christians PersecutionPersecution-- to treat repeatedly in a to treat repeatedly in a

cruel or unjust waycruel or unjust way Roman officials blamed Christians for Roman officials blamed Christians for

the problems plaguing the empire; the problems plaguing the empire; scapegoatsscapegoats

So they So they persecutedpersecuted Christians; outlawed Christians; outlawed services, imprisoned them, killed them, services, imprisoned them, killed them, threw them into Gladiator gamesthrew them into Gladiator games

Christianity in RomeChristianity in Rome Many Christians Many Christians

became became martyrsmartyrs A A martyrmartyr is is

someone who someone who dies for their dies for their beliefs or causebeliefs or cause

Tried to stamp Tried to stamp out Christianity; out Christianity; but it didn’t workbut it didn’t work

Constantine and ChristianityConstantine and Christianity

First First Christian Roman Christian Roman EmperorEmperor

Converted after experiencing Converted after experiencing a a miraclemiracle in battle in battle

Issued Issued Edict of MilanEdict of Milan: : declared religious freedom in declared religious freedom in Roman EmpireRoman Empire

Outlawed persecutionOutlawed persecution of of ChristiansChristians

Constantine and ChristianityConstantine and ChristianityBuiltBuilt Christian churchesChristian churches, ,

closed Roman templesclosed Roman templesCouncil of Nicea-Council of Nicea- started started

by Constantine, officials by Constantine, officials met to settle disputes met to settle disputes and outline basic beliefs and outline basic beliefs of the Churchof the Church

Constantine Was a Smart CookieConstantine Was a Smart Cookie

Moved the capital from Rome to a Moved the capital from Rome to a city in the east called, city in the east called, ByzantiumByzantium

Byzantium would eventually be Byzantium would eventually be called called ConstantinopleConstantinople; meaning ; meaning “City of Constantine”“City of Constantine”

City was is a key position for City was is a key position for tradetrade; it would stay wealthy and ; it would stay wealthy and strongstrong

Constantine Goes To WarConstantine Goes To War Went to war with Emperor of Went to war with Emperor of

Eastern Half, Eastern Half, LiciniusLicinius Why? Licinius was still allowing Why? Licinius was still allowing

persecution of persecution of ChristiansChristians Constantine winsConstantine wins Reunites Empire-Reunites Empire- rules both E. rules both E.

and W. halves, but then it’s and W. halves, but then it’s divided again after he diesdivided again after he dies

Military ProblemsMilitary ProblemsWestern Rome is ….going Western Rome is ….going

….going….gone.….going….gone.

Military ProblemsMilitary Problems Paid soldiers more, but coins were worth Paid soldiers more, but coins were worth

lessless So for the soldiers, their wages really So for the soldiers, their wages really

went went downdown Hired Hired mercenariesmercenaries- foreign soldiers who - foreign soldiers who

served for payserved for pay– Loyal to Loyal to commandercommander; not empire and ; not empire and

emperoremperor– Would switch sides for Would switch sides for $$$$$$– Sometimes fighting their own relativesSometimes fighting their own relatives– Not as disciplined, loyal, or well trainedNot as disciplined, loyal, or well trained

Overtime Rome’s army was made up of Overtime Rome’s army was made up of an increasing proportion of mercenariesan increasing proportion of mercenaries

Size: was Rome too big to protect?Size: was Rome too big to protect? ““Barbarian” aka Barbarian” aka

GermanicGermanic tribes tribes constantly constantly “pushing into “pushing into Roman lands”Roman lands”

Romans had huge Romans had huge borders to protectborders to protect

And an army that And an army that was growing less was growing less fit for the jobfit for the job

Military Problems: Think it OutMilitary Problems: Think it Out Here is the scenario:Here is the scenario:

– A Germanic/Barbaric tribe called the A Germanic/Barbaric tribe called the FRANKS is invading the northern borders FRANKS is invading the northern borders of the Roman empire. The Franks are of the Roman empire. The Franks are attacking and claiming lands in a Roman attacking and claiming lands in a Roman territory called Gaul (France).territory called Gaul (France).

– Another tribe called the VANDALS are Another tribe called the VANDALS are pushing into the Rome’s southern borders; pushing into the Rome’s southern borders; looting Roman territory in Spain in Africa. looting Roman territory in Spain in Africa. This group learned how to sail and seems This group learned how to sail and seems bent on capturing the city of Rome itself.bent on capturing the city of Rome itself.

Military Problems: Think it OutMilitary Problems: Think it Out

What obvious dilemma are Roman What obvious dilemma are Roman commanders facing?commanders facing?

What elements does any military What elements does any military force need to be successful? force need to be successful?

What modern technologies did the What modern technologies did the Romans lack that would hurt their Romans lack that would hurt their ability to respond to this situation?ability to respond to this situation?

““Barbarian” “Invasion”Barbarian” “Invasion”The real term is Germanic. The real term is Germanic.

The Romans called The Romans called everyone else everyone else “Barbarians.”“Barbarians.”

AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!!

AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!!

I’m not a barbarian. I am the govenator. Arnold starred in a

Really bad movie called Conan The Barbarian

The Huns Move in From AsiaThe Huns Move in From Asia HunsHuns were a fierce nomadic tribe that were a fierce nomadic tribe that

had pushed into had pushed into EuropeEurope from from AsiaAsia Pushed into Europe looking for better Pushed into Europe looking for better

farmlandfarmland Led by a ruthless man named Led by a ruthless man named Attila the Attila the

HunHun Everyone was terrified of them!Everyone was terrified of them!

Tag!Tag! I think of the invasion as a big game I think of the invasion as a big game

of Barbarian tag!of Barbarian tag! With battle axes!With battle axes!

Huns push other tribes into Rome!Huns push other tribes into Rome!

On the Run from the HunOn the Run from the Hun

Visigoths- did not want to fight; wanted to relocate to Rome

Vandals- group who learned to sail, vandalized property

Franks -moved into northern FranceAngles, Saxons, and the Jutes- Moved

onto the Island of Great Britain (Angleland or England)

(Other tribes flee from the Huns and push into Roman lands)

Romulus Augustulus-Romulus Augustulus- Last Roman Last Roman

emperor, was 14 emperor, was 14 years oldyears old

Ripped from power Ripped from power in in 476 AD476 AD

Replaced by Replaced by Germanic general: Germanic general: ODACERODACER

No one knows what No one knows what happened to him- happened to him- most think he was most think he was shipped to a farmshipped to a farm

When your When your emperor is emperor is used as a used as a stepping stool; stepping stool; it is a pretty it is a pretty good sign you good sign you are finishedare finished

Western RomanEmpire

Eastern RomanEmpire

East & West Go Separate Ways

$$$

Split is permanentEastern Rome becomes the Byzantine Empire

All SectionsAll Sections HW: Must finish study guide for HW: Must finish study guide for

tomorrowtomorrow You have the rest of class to work. You have the rest of class to work.

I’ll be checking that the I’ll be checking that the entire study entire study guide is completed, it is worth guide is completed, it is worth substantial points.substantial points.

If you finish, go back and reread the If you finish, go back and reread the section about section about Constantine & Constantine & ChristianityChristianity, and the Barbarian , and the Barbarian invasion invasion 273-276273-276

Map QuestionsMap Questions1.1. In general, what do the red arrows In general, what do the red arrows

represent? represent? 2.2. On which continents was On which continents was mostmost of the of the

Roman Empire found?Roman Empire found?3.3. On which continent can we find the On which continent can we find the

southern most part of the empire?southern most part of the empire?4.4. What two rivers formed part of the What two rivers formed part of the

northern border of the empire?northern border of the empire?5.5. What was the eastern capital?What was the eastern capital?6.6. Which tribe went directly into the Which tribe went directly into the

city of Rome?city of Rome?

What term does this image relate to What term does this image relate to and why?and why?