1

Tropical Legumes III

Program Improvement Plans

GROUNDNUT - MALI

Nairobi, Kenya, 1-2 September 2016

By

Dramane SAKO

Head of Groundnut Programme

IER, CRRA of Kayes

Investment

• Irrigation facilities set in place for offseason activities (2 ha)

• Crossing block established

• Phenotyping platform for aflatoxin established

• Cool chamber made functional

2

Short term improvement

TL III breeding objective is the development of 5 medium duration varieties with resistance to ELS; Participation of plant pathologist have been requested; Two technicians all ready trained on groundnut hybridization have been recruited; Nursery irrigation facility will be set in place in addition of seed production irrigation facility.

3

Short term improvement

Artificial hybridization to create genetic diversity has been done

• 3 donors of ELS resistance and medium duration have been collected from ICRISAT, Bamako (ICGV 01276, ICGV 99029 and ICG 7878);

• A lot of crosses between those varieties and 3 high yielding preferred by farmers(Fleur 11, ICIAR 19BT and JL 24) have been done to generate F1;

• Poor facilities may limit the success of the crosses

• Hybrid confirmation test to discard self pollinated plants is ongoing.

4

Short term improvement

Exploit that diversity by:

• Using suitable method of improvement (backcrossing) for introgression of ELS resistance into high yielding farmer preferred varieties background

5

Line Improvement

through Backcross

Method

Four backcrosses to

recipient with selection

for desired trait

Finish with selfing

to isolate

homozygous line

Short term improvement

The F1 will be backcrossed to recurrent parent to generate BC1 population and resistant plants will be selected based on artificial infestation to ELS.

Selected plants are backcrossed to give a large BC2 generation.

Intensive selection will be made for the trait of the donor and general features of recurrent parent.

The selected plants will be backcrossed to give a large population of BC3 generation and selection will be made for the recurrent parent and so on for BC4.

7

Short term improvement

After BC4 backcrossed plants will be selfed during 4 generations to produce homozygous plants;

Offseason irrigation facilities will be used for both backcrossing and for rapid selfing generations advancements.

8

Short term improvement

Selection of superior lines will be based on defined criteria : • Resistance to ELS • Medium duration • High yielding The success of selection will depend on:

• Having large number of population per generation;

• Trait heritability should be high;

• High selection intensity;

• Realized Genetic Gain (Difference between mean of progeny of selected lines and base population).

9

Short term improvement

Testing and release

Appropriate experimental design will be used and suitable replications will be done for trial at the station and high number of location will be considered for on-farm tests;

At the station, preliminary and advanced trials will be conducted;

On farm, FPVS and demonstrations will be conducted.

10

Short term improvement

Testing and release

Advanced trial ongoing with 30 performing lines, medium duration and resistant to ELS

High selection intensity to maximize on plot genetic gain before starting multi-locations on farm tests;

At least 5 lines will go through VAT and DHS or DUS tests for release and inscription into the national catalogue;

Store data in a centralized system;

Adoption of BMS for pedigree management , data collection and analysis.

11

Medium term improvement

Use phenotyping platform to generate data for yield, medium duration and resistance to ELS ;

Generate marker data by sending leaves samples to ICRISAT India or to Sweden

Use both phenotypic and genotypic data to detect QTL for yield and yield related traits, ELS, crop duration and seed quality;

Use QTL data for markers assisted backcrossing;

Use MBDT software in BMS to identify best lines.

12

Constraints

• Greenhouse;

• Formal quality assurance procedures training;

• Biotic and abiotic stress screening facilities;

• Long term seed storage facilities;

• Low level of mechanization.

13

14

THANK YOU