title : “why, what and how spatial planning in the coastal zone -
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Title : “Why, what and how Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone - Some experiences in Holland” by Robbert Misdorp Advisor to Neth. Min. V&W, Advisor to the Romanian PlanCoast & Neth. Gov. Peer Reviewer for UN-IPCC. EU-PlanCoast Conference Constanta, May/June 2007. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Title :
“Why, what and how Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone -
Some experiences in Holland”
by
Robbert MisdorpAdvisor to Neth. Min. V&W, Advisor to the Romanian PlanCoast &Neth. Gov. Peer Reviewer for UN-
IPCC.EU-PlanCoast Conference Constanta, May/June 2007
Contents:
1. Why & What Spatial Planning : Globally and in Holland
2. Coastal urbanisation in Holland and Belgium: a world of difference
3. Rotterdam Harbour and sustainable development: 1993 – 2010
4. Netherlands North Sea Integrated Spatial Planning and Implementation – 2015
5. European coastal sustainability indicators applied in The Netherlands, 2006
6. Netherlands Progress Report on ICZM Implementation for the EU, 2005
7. General Conclusions
1. What & Why Spatial Planning
Coastal Zone: Many definitions – common elements:
• Coastal zone is a broad, wide area with a marine and terrestrial part,
• The terrestrial part of the coastal zone: the natural and socio-economic processes of sea and land meet.
Why Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone:
The World Coastal Zone - CZ –
so rich in natural resources but so heavily pressured:
•The CZ: more than 50 % of world population is living, working, recreating in the CZ;
•The population in the CZ is growing faster: 2.2% versus 1.8% global growth;
•The economic pressure in the CZ is even more strongly increasing ;
•Many different functional uses: nature, safety against flooding, transport, navigation, harbour, airport, urban settlements, agri-& horticulture, tourism, recreation, oil/gas exploration/exploitation, freshwater purification;
•From the sea side: anticipated impacts of human induced Climate Change being ASLR, storminess, salt water intrusion in coastal aquifers,
will further exacerbates the pressure.
Why Spatial Planning
in
The Netherlands’ Coastal Zone
Spatial Planning in the Netherlands’ Coastal Zone:
Drivers :The CZ of Holland: half of the national territory & low lying & productive: • 60% of population, • High pop. density > 500 inh/km2, • 65% of the National GNI is earned• Capital Investment : 5000 Billion Euro, • Agri- & Horticulture: Holland the third largest world exporting country, • The harbour of Rotterdam (largest of Europe) and the national airport Schiphol (third largest
of Europe, at 4.5 m below MSL) together about 20% of the GNI.
Pressures: Growing economic pressure results in conflicts of the different uses and cry for space: • Increasing coastal urbanisation;• Vulnerable to flooding by the sea and rivers, coastal erosion, salt water intrusion in fresh water
aquifers, downstream pollution; • Impacts of Climate Change: anticipated Accelerated Sea Level Rise, increase of storminess, changes
in river discharges: in summer less, in winter more flow, effecting safety, water quality, river transport.
Integrated Coastal Management and Spatial Planning are being applied.
Why Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone
The Coastal Zone is increasingly squeezed
between terrestrial and marine high dynamic forces: An integrated spatial planning & implementation:
helps to adapt to global changes and
• decreases coastal vulnerabilities, and • increases the sustainable development processes.
3. Greater Rotterdam Harbor Area – basic figures:
Area: 10 x 40 km2 < 1% of National Territory
Pop.: 1,2 million, Pop.Dens.:3000/ km2 > 7 * Nat.Pop.Density Direct employment: 60,000; Indirect employment: 300,000
2006 -Transshipment Load: 370 million ton
Contribution to GNI: 6,5 %
Largest Harbor of Europe
Many threats and challenges ahead in:Aiming at sustainable development of this complex area
Greater Rotterdam Harbor Area
Greater Rotterdam Harbor Area is a complex area both in
• Socio-economic sense, as well as in • Natural coastal processes’ sense .
To make such a complex area sustainable productive: that is a real challenge for Integrated Management & Development Measures
ROM-Rijnmond Program, 1993 – 2010 =
Institutional setting:• Initial Leader : Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment• Board of Directors - High Level Representatives of : 2 Ministries, 1 Province,
16 Towns, Rotterdam Harbor Authority, 600 Harbor Companies and NGO’s,
• Executive , Daily Council : 10 Persons• Covenant of Cooperation signed in 1993 lasting to 2010• Strong vertical and horizontal cooperation & integration,• High level of dissemination and transparency,
Website: www.rom-rijnmond.nl
‘The integrated spatial planning and implementation program for
sustainable development of the Rotterdam Harbor Area, 1993-2010’
ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 – 2010 =
Socio-economic issues:• Long –term program : 1993 - 2010• Common Investment by all partners:
7.5 Billion Euro
• Harbor related Employment: 90,000
Environmental issues: Nature
conservation/increaseHabitat restorationPollution reductionGreen-Recreation
area increase
Integrated Spatial Planning & Development Program
ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 – 2010:
Some Results:
EstablishingEstablishing a tropical Shrimp Farm: Using residual heat from the cooling water - Harbour Electric Power Station
ReturningReturning of a Grey Seal Community: man- induced habitat & improved water quality
Planning and Creating new space: Planning and Creating new space:
StrengtheningStrengthening: CoastalNature Function + Recreation +
Research
Residual industrial heat for 50,000 house holds(2006) -> 500,000 (2015)
Using Residual Industrial HeatUsing Residual Industrial Heat
Creating: 1000 ha New Harbor AreaCo-creating: 750 ha Nature + RecreationCompensating: 20,000 ha Marine Reserve
ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 - 2010
Some Results:
Strong decrease of:
1.Air pollution reaching EU standards for S and fine dust,
and2.Micro-contamimants in river and coastal waters,
sediments and organisms: through institutionalised, coordinated, consistent, long term purification actions at local, national and at international level with input of NGO’s.
ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 - 2010
Some Economic results: • Increasing Added Value• Contribution to GNI: 6.5 %• Harbor related Employment : 90,000
through coordination, innovation and creating win-win situations : more efficient use of raw material/resources,less waste, less pollution.
Rotterdam: Trans shipment Goods 1975 - 2005
200
250
300
350
400
Years
Go
od
s in
mil
lio
n
met
ric
ton
s
Goods
y=1.3x+258
y=6.8x+286
The EXTRA accumulative Transshipment Loads during 1996-2005 = 250 million tons goods representing
6.5 Billion Euro in 10 years = good return of the investment of 7 billion Euro!
Start of Integrated Program 1993- 2010
250
Economic results:
1. Initial National Leader: Ministry of Env.&Spatial Planning2. Clear goal: Sustainable Development of the resources,3. Long term coordination; follow-up program: 2010 - 2020,4. Creating innovative win-win solutions and more space,5. Cooperation between stakeholders & NGO’s is profitable,6. EU acknowledgement: Rotterdam leader of the EU - PEGASUS
(Planning, Environment, Governance & Sustainability) project for sustainable EU Harbours.
Conclusions Rotterdam Harbor - Integrated Spatial Planning & Implementation:
Overall conclusion:on the performance of
the Greater Rotterdam Harbor, ROM-Rijnmond program 1993-
2010:
Integrated Spatial Planning & Implementation is
Economical and Ecological very much rewarded !
4. The Integrated Management Plan for the Neth. North Sea 2015
Status:
• Governmental Document 2005,
• Adopted by entire Cabinet in 2006,
• Approved by Parliament in 2006,
• Being implemented & enforced.
Integrated Management Plan – Neth. North Sea – (IMPN) - 2015:Main Objective:To enhance econ. importance of the North Sea, maintain & develop internat. ecological features by harmonising sustainable economic activities…
Implementation: some examples•‘Opportunity maps’ for eg wind farms, mineral extraction, military restrictions, conservation, navigation, identifies future areas of conflict;
• Pilot Wind farm in operation 2007: 120 MW, next phase: 360 MW, desired output of wind-energy 2020: 6000 MW;
• Creating win-win opportunities: aquaculture/artificial reefs near wind farms;
• Enforcement in action: the sea-going inspection fleets and aerial survey of the different Ministries under one single command: CoastGuard.
Creating Opportunity maps: Windfarm parks & Shippingfollowed by implementation: Creating windfarms
• 30 Wind mills, 120 MW installed in 2006;
• 60 Wind mills, 240 MW being installed ;
• 1500 MW in 2010;• 6000 MW in 2020.
More information: Website link:www.noordzeeloket.nl/overig/bibliotheek.asp – publicaties -IBN 2015 (Engels)
Contact:
Mr. Leo de Vrees,Water Manager North Sea,Ministry of Water (V&W),00-31-70-3366609/[email protected]
Example of land use, spatial Planning in Holland
Four spatial scenarios based on:
different outcomes of competing demands for space and resource utilisation
Holland in 2030 (Neth. Ministry of Spatial Planning)
7. General Conclusions Integrated Spatial Planning & Implementation
Some experiences in Holland:
• Integrated Spatial Planning : an Effective tool to reduce vulnerability - flooding and environment quality, to increase resilience and sust. development;
• Planning is the first step: initial leader with vision, increased cooperation is highly profitable, communication with all stakeholders + NGO’s;• Implementation is the next step:
creating win-win solutions, zoning, monitoring, legislation, enforcement, evaluation.