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Date: March 14, 2019Speaker: Marcel RuesinkPlace: FG Sprinkler Conference in OSLO

Title: New and alternative solutions to control the increased fire risks of IBCs

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Objective: New and alternative solutions to control the increased fire risks of IBCs

1) Introduction

▪ Agenda to meet goals for this presentation

▪ Who presents

2) Operations and risk

▪ What is risk?

▪ Introduction to IBC

▪ Fire risk exposure

3) Selection criteria

▪ Liquids and flash point

▪ Restriction directed by NFPA 30, section 9

▪ NFPA 30, Allowable IBC

4) Technical information, design and critical product features

▪ NFPA 30, Production area, IBC Storage containment

▪ NFPA 30, Storage area

▪ FM 7-29, Fire protection for alcohol rack storage, ground level only

▪ NFPA 30, Pros and Cons foam water sprinkler

▪ Alternatives that are in consideration

5) Ending with conclusion

▪ Thanks on behave of Viking EMEA

Agenda

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This publication contains potential fire protection solutions for certain areas in industrial, commercial or residential facilities and buildings which may be exposed to a fire risk. The selection and design of fire protection systems and products to mitigate these fire risks are to be executed on a case-by-case basis considering local legislation, regulation and standards and project-specific parameters and lie in the responsibility of the contracted system engineering and installation companies. So far as Viking S.A. and its Group-affiliates, shown at the homepage (www.viking-emea.com) provide technical information or (seen to be) act(ing) as a consultant and this information or consulting does not belong to the scope of Viking’s contractually agreed services, this is done free of charge and without any liability.

Disclaimer

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Presenter(s) introduction

Marcel RuesinkLeader products and solutionsSince 2000 in the fire businessNEN rep for:

• TC191 W5 & W5 EG2• TC191 W10

Alexander AriaTechnical Sales – NordicExpertise: • Water Products • Prefab• Foam Systems

Niina BeltowskiSales Representative Nordic• Water• Foam• Gas• Detection

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Operations and risk

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What is RISK

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Introduction to IBC

NFPA Foundation, IBC general fact sheetHit for movie: https://youtu.be/eF48jq2-b5o

Intermediate bulk containers, called IBC

• Closed vessels for storage & transport of liquid

• Capacity from 450 up to 3000 L

• Constructed of metal, plastic or a composite

• Composite are plastic containers in a metal cage

Composite IBCs containing combustible or flammable liquids can cause dangerous pool fires:

• Release of combustible and flammable liquids.

• Composite IBCs itself contributes to the fire hazard.

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Fire risk exposure

NFPA Foundation, IBC general fact sheetHit for movie: https://youtu.be/eHBxJ1WbxM8

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Selection criteria

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Liquids and flash point

The flash point is the lowest temperature

at which there will be enough flammable

vapor to induce ignition when an ignition

source is applied.

Fuel Flash Point (0C)

Pool Diameter

(m)

Heat Rate (MW)

Flame Height(m)

Heptane -4 2.4 26,8 11.4

Decane 46 2.4 20,6 10.0

Dodecane 74 2.4 18,4 9.5

Ethyl Ether -45 2.4 22,6 10.5

Acetone -20 2.4 17,8 9.3

IPA 12 2.4 17,2 8.3

Classification NFPA 30

Flash points (0C)

Boiling point (0C)

IA < 22.8 <37.8

IB <22.8 > 37.8

IC ≥ 22.8 & <37.8

NA

II ≥ 37.8 & <60

NA

IIIA ≥ 60 & < 93

NA

IIIB ≥ 93 NA

Hit for movie https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pk7FQjS12nQ&t=32s

NFPA 30 18.3 General

Requirements. Processing and

handling of Class II and Class III

liquids heated at or above their

flash point shall follow the

requirements for Class I liquids

FM 7-29, table 21

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This table is for the presentation, consult appropriated standard for engineering practices

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Restriction directed by NFPA 30, section 9

Container Type Flammable Liquids Combustible

Class IA Class IB Class IC Class II Class III

Approved Metal ≤ 3000 L

Composed and Rigid IBCNot Permitted

≤ 3000 L

Composed IBC ≤ 1300 L

Acceptable Containers per NFPA 30, table 9.4.3

Type Liquid Class(es)

Quantity

Flammable IA 115 L

Combined 460 L

Combustible II 460 L

IIIA 330 L

IIIB 50600 L

Table 9.6.1 Maximum Allowable Quantities per control area

Table 9.7.2 Control Area Separation

Section 9.8 Occupancy classification when exceeding MAQ’s• High hazard Level 2• High hazard level 3

Section 9.9 Construction requirements• Fire doors• Wall fire rating

Section 9.13 Containment, drainage and spill controlSection 9.14 VentilationSection 9.16 Explosion control

This table is for the presentation, consult appropriated standard for engineering practices

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Technical information, design and

critical product features

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Production area

http://wisconsinfluclinic.info/industrial-mixing-containers.html

This picture is for illustration purpose only

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Production area, IBC Storage containment

FM Class 8086:

Storage units are intended to capture the majority of a

liquid release within a footprint designed to limit the size of

a potential pool fire. Containing the majority of released

ignitable liquid prevents the formation of a spreading fire.

Limiting the size of the pool surface within the unit.

Storage containers for IBC, following criteria:

• One IBC

• Able to contain 110% of IBC content

• 1000 liter flammable or combustible liquids

• 400 liter extinguishment water applied by sprinkler

• Including Flame arrestor

• Pallet roller rails for front loading.

• Including forklift frame

• Splash protection

• FM approved per Class#6086

Source: Paint shopped image from Minimax IBC1400Hit for movie:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9QFDzahPF0&t=24s

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Storage

http://thistlesystems.co.uk/ibc-storage-systems-explained/

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NFPA 30, Fire protection for inside liquid storage

TableClass restrictions

Automatic Sprinkler

Foam water sprinkler

Single-double row rack

Single, Double & Multiple row rack

Palletized or stacked

Shelf Storage

Min aisle width

Non-Miscibleliquid

Listedplastic or composed

container

IncludesNon relievingcontainer

NFPA 30 16.5.2.1 √ √ √ √

NFPA 30 16.5.2.2 √ √ √ √

NFPA 30 16.5.2.3 √ √ √ √

NFPA 30 16.5.2.4 √ √ √ √

NFPA 30 16.5.2.5

IIIB √ √ √ √

NFPA 30 16.5.2.6 √ √ √

NFPA 30 16.5.2.7 √ √ 2.4 m √

NFPA 30 16.5.2.8 √ √ √ √

NFPA 30 16.5.2.9

Class II & III √ √ √ √

NFPA 30 16.5.2.10

Class II & III √ √ √ √

NFPA 30 16.5.2.11

UPR (<50%) Class IC, II &III √ √ NA <23 l

NFPA 30 16.5.2.12 √ √ √

NFPA 30 16.5.2, Specific Design Criteria

This table does not enable any engineering practices

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NFPA 30, Fire protection for inside liquid storage, rack storage

NFPA 30, table 9.4.3 : Acceptable containers. Non metallic container for flammable liquids (Class I) not permitted unless a fire protection system is provided that is developed in accordance with 16.3.6 and is approved for the specific container and protection against static electricity is provided.

NPFA 30, 16.3.6: For relieving-style containers of greater than 25 liter and up to 450 liter capacity, the following shallapply: …………………….

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Fire protection for inside liquid storage,NFPA 30, One of three decision trees

16.3.5 Protection systems that are designed and developed based on full-scale fire tests performed at an approved test facility or on other engineered protection schemes shall be considered an acceptable alternative to the protection criteria set forth in this chapter. Such alternative protection systems shall be approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

16.2.2* Protected. For the purposes of this chapter, this term

shall apply to the storage of containers that meet the

appropriate

provisions of Chapter 16 or alternate provisions that have

been approved by the authority having jurisdiction (see 16.3.5

and Section 16.9).

16.2.3* Unprotected. For the purposes of this chapter, this

term shall apply to the storage of containers that do not meetthe criteria to be considered protected, as defined in 16.2.2.

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FM 7-29, Fire protection for alcohol rack storage, ground level only

• Flash point at or above 200°F (93°C) or alcohol in composite IBCs.

• Protect all tiers of the rack with the same level of fire protection.

• Limit IBC storage to the first tier of the rack.

• Upper tiers for storage other liquid-packaging combinations <230 L

• K160 in-racks accordance figures 15a, 15b, or 15c

• Use a max vertical barrier spacing of 6 ft (1.8 m), plywood or metal .

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NFPA 30, Pros and Cons foam water sprinkler

Fluorine FreeEnviro 3x3 Ultra

Pictures are for illustration only

16.5.1.2 Discharge densities to listing criteria

of the foam discharge devices selected:

• Foam concentrate

• Liquids to be protected

• Criteria appropriate table in chapter 16.

Where the densities tables differ from

listing criteria, the greater shall be used.

16.5.1.6.1

• 15 minutes of foam concentrate

16.5.1.6.2*

• Foam-water ≥4 sprinklers flowing.

Table 16.5.2.3 & 16.5.2.4

• Preprimed foam-water system

• Design area reduced to 140m2 vs 186

• Design area reduction to 186 m2 vs 280

• In-rack sprinkler hydraulic reduced to 3

times 3 simultaneously,

• Designed according to NFPA 16

• Maintained according to NFPA 25

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Alternatives that people consider, High Expansion FOAM

Some say:

‘The foam construction takes place outside the pool fire and it is expected that the pool fire will be

enclosed by the high expansion foam’.

Others may argue that:

‘The thermic of the 'fire plume' probably leads to the foam being removed above and not ending

up on the fire’.

But High expansion systems are out there.

Contact supplier and check on approvals, listing and/or acceptance of AHJ

Viking model GH

Fluorine Free Alcohol Resistant Viking brand: Enviro eMax

For illustration

only

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Alternatives that people consider , IBC Storage Unit

BENEFITS• Eliminates the need to build permanent cutoff rooms• Enables high flash point liquids to be stored safely in composite IBCs

Contact supplier and check on approvals, listing and/or acceptance of AHJ

https://safespillsystems.com/ibc-storage-unit/

For illustration OnlyFor illustration Only

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Ending with conclusion

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Conclusion.

• IBC is a high risk due the impact of a potential pool fire(s)

• Limited protection scheme compared to market expectations

• IBC 1400 store unit is FM approved

• NPFA 30 and FM 7-29 provide solutions but understand the limitations due to the fire risk

• NFPA 16 allows alternative foam solution, like high expansion for high(er) ceiling and storage

• Suggest to only utilize approved and listed product solutions for applicable risk