tips for the aviator

Tips for the Aviator

AFRICA

World Airnews, in conjunction with Theresa du Plessis, Execujet’s Aviation Services’ general manager, is providing useful tips and information relevant to safe and secure flight operations in the continent.

Remember, plan meticulously, getting the groundwork right is just as important to your survival as thorough airmanship.

Preparation is the key to a safe, hassle- free and successful journey. Be prepared for as many eventualities as possible.

Err on the side of caution, stock up on those sealed bottles of mineral water and if you are going to drink, stay off the rocks. Those refreshing little ice-blocks are also wonderful stores for all manner of exotic germs and disease.

Table of contents:

Tips for the Aviator........................................................................................................1AFRICA.........................................................................................................................1

ALGERIA..................................................................................................................2ANGOLA...................................................................................................................3BOTSWANA.............................................................................................................3BENIN........................................................................................................................4BURKINA FASO......................................................................................................4BURUNDI..................................................................................................................4CAMEROON.............................................................................................................5CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC..........................................................................6CHAD........................................................................................................................6DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO................................................................7DJIBOUTI..................................................................................................................7EGYPT.......................................................................................................................8EQUATORIAL GUINEA..........................................................................................8ERITREA...................................................................................................................9ETHIOPIA.................................................................................................................9GABON....................................................................................................................10THE GAMBIA.........................................................................................................10GHANA...................................................................................................................11GUINEA BISSAU...................................................................................................11GUINEA REPUBLIC..............................................................................................11IVORY COAST.......................................................................................................12KENYA....................................................................................................................12LESOTHO................................................................................................................13LIBERIA..................................................................................................................13LIBYA......................................................................................................................13MADAGASCAR.....................................................................................................14MALAWI.................................................................................................................14MALI........................................................................................................................15

MAURITANIA........................................................................................................15MAURITIUS............................................................................................................15MOROCCO..............................................................................................................16MOZAMBIQUE......................................................................................................16REUNION................................................................................................................17RWANDA................................................................................................................17SAO TOME.............................................................................................................17SENEGAL................................................................................................................18SEYCHELLES.........................................................................................................18SIERRA LEONE.....................................................................................................18SOMALIA................................................................................................................19SOUTH AFRICA.....................................................................................................19SUDAN....................................................................................................................20SWAZILAND..........................................................................................................21TANZANIA.............................................................................................................21TOGO.......................................................................................................................22TUNISIA..................................................................................................................23UGANDA................................................................................................................23ZAMBIA..................................................................................................................24ZIMBABWE............................................................................................................25

ALGERIADialling Code: +213. Local Time: UTC+1. Local Currency: Dinar (DZD).

Airports of entry: (DAUA) Adrar; (DAAG) Algiers; (DABB) Annaba; (DABC) Constantine; (DAUG) Ghardaia; (DAUH) Hassi Messaoud; (DAOO) Oran; (DAAT) Tamanrasset; (DABS) Tebessa; (DAON) Tlemcen, and (DAUZ) Zarzaitine.

Clearances: All flights require clearance and at least two working days are required in order to obtain the necessary permit. Bear in mind, though, that it can take up to two weeks to obtain permit.

Visa and passport requirements: Visas are required by South Africa, British and USA passport holders. Crew and ID cards must be visible at the airport but are not required outside the airport

Health requirements: A yellow fever inoculation certificate is required if the person is coming from an endemic area. Algeria is a very low risk area for malaria and no prophylaxis are needed. Immunisation is recommended for tetanus, and bilharzias present

Safety and security: Vast areas of the countryside are lawless. There appears a desire to end violence. US Citizens have been warned by the Department of State about travelling in the country. The most recent terrorist attacks have been in the rural areas in northern Algeria.

DANGER: Avoid travel by road at night, and in rural villages and in public transport. Do not stop at roadsides.

Comments: When travelling to Algeria read the latest Notams and travel advisories beforehand. Always include the permit number in your flight plan under RMK/permit number; confirm fuel availability prior to arrival, and change out of uniform as soon as practical

ANGOLADialling Code: +244. Local Time: UTC+l. Local Currency: New Kwanza (AON)

Airports of entry: (FNLU) Luanda and (FNBG) Benguela, although the latter is not recommended as it is in a high risk area. All flights require between 48 and 72 hours notification for the necessary clearance.

Visa and passport requirements: South Africa, British and USA passport holders require a visa. All crew require a visa and passport unless their stay is less than 24 hours, but visas can be purchased on arrival if stay is extended

Health requirements: A yellow fever certificate is required. There is a very high risk of malaria throughout the year as well as hepatitis A and B and tetanus. It is recommended that visitors are immunised against polio. Bilharzias is present and the risk of “sleeping sickness” is high

Safety and security: Travel within Angola remains unsafe due to high intensity military actions, bandit and insurgent attacks.

The police and military personnel are undisciplined and there are land mines in rural areas. However, personal and aircraft security is not required. The political status is stable.

Comments: Check Notams for trouble spots. HF contact with Luanda is reliable.

BOTSWANADialling Code: +267. Local Time: UTC+2. Local Currency: Pula (BWP).

Airports of entry: (FBSK) Gaborone, (FBFT) Francistown, (FBMN) Maun and (FBSP) Selebi-Phikwe. Private flights do not require a permit, a flight plan notification is sufficient. All other flights must have permits.

If the origin of the aircraft is Angolan, the authorities will not grant a permit before the Angolan authorities have supplied them with the Angolan permit for that specific aircraft, unless, of course, it is an Angolan-registered aircraft

Visa and passport requirements: Citizens of all foreign countries which have not reached Visa abolition agreements with Botswana require visas. No visas are required by USA citizens for stays up to three months.

Health requirements: A yellow fever certificate is required if the person is coming from an endemic area.

Malaria is present at all times, especially between November and May (north of Francistown only). Immunisation is recommended for tetanus and both bilharzias and sleeping sickness are present.

Safety and security: Civil unrest and disorder are rare. Violent crime remains infrequent in Gaborone. Petty crime and crimes of opportunity remain the most common. Visitors should not walk alone at night in unfamiliar areas

Political: Botswana is a landlocked southern Africa country and it has a stable democratic government

Comments: This is a country in Africa that may be visited safely and which generally welcomes visitors.

BENINDialling Code: +229. Local Time: UTC+1. Local Currency: Central African Franc (XOF).

Airports of entry: (DBBB) Cotonou and (DBBP) Parakou. All flights require clearance and the application should be made in French

Visa and passport requirements: USA passport holders do require a visa.

Health requirements: A yellow fever certificate is required. There is a high risk of malaria with hepatitis A & B and tetanus. Immunisation against polio is recommended.

Safety and security: Avoid crowds, political rallies and street demonstrations. Maintain security awareness at all times.

Political: Benin is a developing West African country

Comments: (DBBP) Parakou has no avgas. If landing at night in (DBBB) Cotonou it is advisable to notify the authorities well in advance as the runway used to be blocked at night. Fog can form quite suddenly.

BURKINA FASODialling Code: +226. Local Time: UTC +0. Local Currency: Central African Franc (XOF).

Airports of entry: (DFFD) Ouagadougou and (DFFO) Bobo Dioulasso.

Clearances: All overflight and landings require prior approval. Allow approximately 2 hours to obtain the necessary permit. Burkina Faso has access to AFTN. The official language is French.

Visa and passport requirements: South African passport holders require visas.

Health requirements: A yellow fever certificate must he presented on arrival. There is high risk of malaria throughout the year and immunisation is recommended for tetanus, hepatitis A and B and poliomyelitis.

Cholera, rabies and bilharzias are all present, so drink only bottled water from sealed bottles. If you have not broken the seal yourself, do not accept the bottle. Do not bathe or swim in standing water, rivers or streams.

Safety and security: Visitors are urged to exercise caution and maintain a high level of security awareness at all times. Ouagadougou is periodically the scene of demonstrations and civil unrest and visitors are advised to avoid crowds, political gatherings and street demonstrations.

Political status: Burkina Faso was previously known as Upper Volta. It is a developing West African country.

AVGAS available in Ouagadougou – please check before assuming that though.

BURUNDIDialling Code: +257. Local Time: UTC +2. Local Currency: Burundi Franc (BIF).

Airport of entry: (HBBA) Bujumbura

Clearance: All overflight and landings require prior approval. Approximately 48 hours is required to obtain these approvals.

No flights are allowed to or from Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The official language is French.

Visa and passport requirements: Visas are required by South African and USA citizens.

Health requirements: A yellow fever certificate must be produced if you are arriving from an endemic area. There is a high risk of malaria throughout the year and immunisation against tetanus is recommended. Hepatitis and meningitis are present.

Cholera, rabies and bilharzias are all present. Drink only bottled water from scaled bottles. If you did not break the seal yourself, do not accept the bottle. Do not swim or bathe in standing water, streams or rivers. Water is contaminated and should be boiled. Milk is un-pasteurised and should be boiled.

Safety and security: As a result of ongoing conflict, the US Embassy has restricted personnel from flying in and out of Bujumbura during the hours of darkness. In light of continuing ethnic and political tensions, Burundi is potentially unstable. Travellers should remain vigilant and respect all curfews.

Political status: Burundi is a small country located in central Africa. It has been in a state of fluctuating unrest and war instability since the assassination of Burundi‘s first democratically elected president in 1993.

Comments: Plan daytime operations at (HBBA) Bujumbura as soldiers have been known to fire at aircraft at night.

CAMEROONDialling Code: +237. Local Time: UTC +1. Local Currency: Central African Franc

(XAF).

Airports of entry: (FKKU) Bafoussam; (FKKD) Douala; (FKKM) Foumban: (FKKR) Garoa; (FKKF) Mamfe; (FKKL) Maroua; (FKKN) N’Gaoundere: (FKKC) Tiko and (FKYS) Yaounde.

Clearance: All flights require prior approval. At least 48 hours prior notification is required in order to secure a clearance. The official language is French.

Visa and passport requirements: USA passport holders require visas.

Health requirements: A yellow fever certificate is required. There is a high risk of malaria throughout the year, and immunisation against tetanus is strongly recommended. Cholera, rabies and bilharzias are all present. Drink only water from sealed bottles. If you have not broken the seal yourself, do not accept the bottle. Do not bathe or swim in standing water, streams or rivers.

Immunisation is recommended for hepatitis A and B and for poliomyelitis.

Safety and security: Avoid crowds, political rallies and demonstrations. Maintain security awareness at all times. Business travellers are advised to use the services of a local agent.

Political status: Cameroon is a developing country situated on the West African coast.

Comments: Fuel supply is problematic and unreliable at most airports with the exception of (FKKD) Douala and (FKYS) Yaounde.

Always carry a hard copy of your clearance with you. The authorities are always happy to welcome you on arrival.

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLICDialling Code: + 236. Time: UTC +1. The local currency is the Central African Franc (XAF).

Airports of entry: (FEFM) Bambari; (FEFG) Bangassou; (FEFF) Bangui; (FEFT) Berberati; (FEFO) Bouar; and (FEFR) Bria

Clearance: All flights require prior approval. The official language is French.

Visa and passport requirements: USA passport holders require visas.

Health requirements: A yellow fever certificate must be presented on entry. There is a high risk of malaria throughout the year and immunisation is recommended for tetanus, hepatitis A and B and for poliomyelitis.

Bilharzias and rabies are present. Do not swim or bathe in standing water, streams or rivers. Drink only water from sealed bottles.

Safety and security: Generally it is a peaceful country. Street crime in downtown Bangui, the capital, does occur, but it is uncommon.

Political status: The Central African Republic (CAR) is a developing African country. A coup attempt staged towards the end of May foiled. The situation is reported to be under control and the counts calm.

Comments: Anticipate fuel supply problems if you have not pie-arranged for fuel prior to your arrival.

CHADDialling Code: +235. Local Time: UTC + 1.Local Currency: Central African Franc (XAF) - Note: this is different to the French Franc. French and Arabic are the official languages.

Airports of entry: (FTTJ) N’Djamena; (FTTC) Abeche; (FTTB) Bangor; (FTTY) Faya Largeau; (FTTD) Moundou; (FTTP) Pola and (FTTA) Sarh.

Clearances: All flights require approval, except for those to or from countries with which Chad has a reciprocal agreement. A minimum of three working days notice is required to secure approvals.

Visa and passport requirements: South African and USA passport holders require visas.

Comments: Other than at N’Djamena, fuel is scarce. Therefore always check availability before departure. Large portions of territory along the border with Libya are restricted. Always ensure that you are in contact with N’Djamena on either VHF 119.7 or 118.1 and have A2000 on your transponder.

Health Requirements: Yellow fever — inoculation certificate is mandatory. There is a high risk of malaria throughout the year. Bilharzias, River Blindness and Sleeping Sickness are all prevalent. Cholera and meningitis are present at certain times of the

year. Water is mostly contaminated and should be boiled before use. Milk is un-pasteurised and should also be boiled

Safety: Visitors are advised to avoid crowds, political rallies and street demonstrations. Maintain security awareness at all times.

Political status: Chad is a developing country in north central Africa. It has one of the lowest per capita incomes in the world. Chad’s political stability and economic growth prospects are constantly challenged.

Following independence in 1960, the intervening years of war, drought and famine have severely damaged the country’s institutions and infrastructure.

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGODialling Code: +243. Local Time: UTC + 1. Local Currency: Zaire (ZRZ). French is the official language.

Airports of entry: (FZQA) Kinshasa and (FZAA) Lumbumbashi.

Clearances: All flights require prior approval. At least 48 hours notice is required for any clearances. All contact details in DRC must be submitted on the clearance application. No flights are permitted to or from Uganda, Burundi and Rwanda.

Visa and passport requirements: UK and RSA passport holders require visas. Crew do not require visas, but must ensure that “crew” and ID cards are worn so that they are visible at all times.

Health requirements: A health card is required as per IATA Travel Manual. AIDS and HIV are widespread. Yellow Fever — inoculation certificate is mandatory. There is a high risk of malaria all year. Immunisation is recommended for tetanus, Hepatitis A & B and typhoid. Exposure to cholera and polio is increased if travelling by road

Safety: Travel in the downtown areas of Kinshasa and Lumbumbashi is generally safe; outlying areas are less secure. There are many military roadblocks and security checkpoints, especially after dark. Personal and crew security is required. Fire fighting level: 8.

Political status: The political situation is currently stable, though it remains unpredictable.

Comments: Kinshasa boasts a large population of adolescent soldiers with whom it may be impossible to reason. Kinshasa ATC controls the Upper Airspace (FL245) for a large portion of central Africa. Indefinite restrictions may apply to tourist travel within or across the DRC. Hitchhiking is prohibited, as are over-land journeys by local public transport, foreign vehicle or motorcycles (even with foreign registration number plates).

DJIBOUTIDialling Code: +253. Local Time: UTC + 2 (+3 from May to September). Local Currency: Pound (EGP). Arabic and French are the official languages, although Afar and Somali are spoken by locals in some regions.

Airport of entry: (HDAM) Djibouti

Clearance: All flights require prior approval. Clearances issued in French


Health requirements: A Yellow Fever certificate is mandatory if arriving from an endemic area. There is a high risk of malaria throughout the year and immunisation is advised against cholera for which there is also a high risk. Water is contaminated outside the major towns and should always be boiled. Milk is un-pasteurised and should always be boiled.

Safety and security: Travellers should exercise caution travelling in remote areas including parts bordering Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia

Political status: Djibouti is a developing East African country on the Red Sea coast. Djibouti achieved independence from France in 1977 and is governed by an elected president and parliament.

EGYPTDialling Code: +20. Local Time: UTC +2 (+3 from May to September). Local Currency: Pound (EGP).

Airports of entry: (HEAX) Alexandria, (HESN) Aswan, (HEAT) Asyut, (HECA)

Cairo, (HEGN) Hurghada, (HELX) Luxor and (HESH) Sharmelsheikh.

Clearances: All flights require prior approval. Before any clearances are granted, the operator must nominate a local accredited agent who will be responsible for payment of charges to the authorities.


Health requirements: Malaria: There is a moderate risk of infection between June and October in the Nile Delta and south of the Aswan Dam in a limited area. Immunisation is recommended for tetanus.

Safety and security: Egypt has a low crime rate. Violent crime is rare; however purse snatching, pick-pocketing and petty theft is common. Unescorted women are vulnerable to sexual harassment and verbal abuse. Aircraft security is required but is supplied by arrangement with airport management.

Political status: Egypt is politically and economically stable.

EQUATORIAL GUINEADialling Code: +240. Local Time: UTC + I. Local Currency: Central African Franc (XAF) Note: this is different to the French Franc. French is the official language.

Airports of entry: (FGSL) Malabo. All flights require prior permission.

Visa and passport requirements: Visas are mandatory. Arriving visitors should carry on them at least two spare passport-size photo graphs.

Comments: All flights must occur between 06h00 and 15h00 UTC unless special permission has been granted by the Director of Transport.

Health requirements: Cholera, Bilharzias, River Blindness and Oriental Lung Fluke (Paragonimiasis) are present. Yellow Fever inoculation is required if coming from an

endemic area. There is a high risk of Malaria throughout the year. Water is contaminated and should be boiled. Milk is unpasteurised and should be boiled

Safety and security: Violent crime is rare. Overall, criminal activity is rare, but non-violent petty street crime is on the increase.

Political status: Stable

ERITREADialling Code: +291. Local Time: UTC +31.Local Currency: Mafka (ETB)

Airports of entry: (HHAS) Asmara, (HHSB) Assab and (HHMS) Massawa.

Clearances: All operations require prior per mission. No flights are permitted to or from Ethiopia.

Visa and passport requirements: UK and RSA passport holders require visas.

Health requirements: Yellow Fever inoculation certificate must be shown on arrival. Malaria - high risk above 2 000 m. No risk in Asmara. Immunisation is recommended for Tetanus, Hepatitis A & B (prevalent) and Polio.

Safety and security: Tension between Eritrea and Ethiopia resulted in a border dispute and war. The disputed region is currently under UN Peacekeeping control, but the situation along the border is still regarded as tense and volatile.

Street crime such as theft and robbery is rare in Asmara and the other cities and towns. Normal safety precautions are recommended. For example, avoid crowds when wearing jewellery or carrying cameras, etc.

Political status: Eritrea is a poor developing east African country. It achieved its independence from Ethiopia on May 24, 1993, following a 30-year struggle that culminated in an overwhelming referendum vote for sovereignty from Ethiopia. On June 18, 2000, Eritrea and Ethiopia signed a formal cease-fire agreement.

Comments: Travellers should carefully check the latest NOTAMS and Travel Advisories. Emergency flights can be dealt with via the Asmara Air Traffic Control Centre.

ETHIOPIADialling Code: +251. Local Time: UTC + 3. Local Currency: Birr (ETB). English is widely spoken. There are numerous indigenous languages and dialects.

Airports of entry: (HAAB) Addis Ababa and (HADR) Dire Dawa.

Clearance: All flights require clearance. No flights allowed to or from Eritrea or Sudan

Visa and passport requirements: South African and USA passport holders require visas. The Ethiopian Consulate in Pretoria accepts payment via Internet bank transfer.

Health requirements: Yellow Fever — certificate is mandatory if arriving from an endemic area. Malaria - high risk, but reduced in Addis Ababa which is at high altitude. Immunisation is recommended for Tetanus, Hepatitis A & B and Polio. Water can be contaminated, even in Addis Ababa. Avoid ice and drink only water from sealed bottles. Boil water before cooking.

Safety and security: Although a ceasefire is in place with Eritrea, travellers should defer travel to the northern Tigray and Afar regions, namely, within 50 km (30miles) of the Ethiopian/Eritrea border. The border area is littered with landmines and there is a high risk of renewed hostilities along the frontier between the two countries. There have been several clashes between various opposition elements and government forces near the border with Somalia.

Political status: The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is a developing African country still struggling to emerge after a stifling period of tyrannical communist rule. The border dispute with Eritrea erupted in May 1998 and escalated into a full-scale war that continued until a ceasefire agreement was reached on June 18, 2000.

Comments: Travellers should check NOTAMS and Travel Advisories. Addis Ababa is a hot and high airport. Pilots must exercise caution and check weights and loads against operating manuals and performance charts. Construction is ongoing at Addis Ababa. ILS is limited to one runway only and not always available. A new parallel runway is due to be commissioned later this year. There is a significant bird-strike risk at (HADR) Dire Dawa.

GABONDialling Code: +241.Local Time: UTC +1. Local Currency: Central African

Franc (XAF).

Airports of entry: (FOOL) Libreville and (FOOG) Port Gentil.

Clearances: Over flights do not require clearance. All other flights require clearance.

Visa and passport requirements: South African passport holders do not require visas if visiting for business purposes or if their stay will not exceed 30 days.

Health requirements: Yellow Fever certificate is mandatory. There is a high risk of Malaria throughout the year. Immunisation is recommended for Tetanus and Hepatitis A & B.

Safety and security: Petty thief is common in urban areas. Violent crime such as armed robbery, though not common, does occur.

Political status: Gabon is a developing West African nation. It is fairly stable.

Comments: Due to thick jungle and forest operators should expect inconsistent fuel supplies at all airports except Libreville and Port Gentil (which is at the centre of the local oil industry).

THE GAMBIADialling Code: +220. Local Time: UTC - 2 hours. Local Currency: Gambian Dalasi (GMD).

Airport of entry: (GBYD) Banjul. All flights require prior permission. Check Notams and travel advisories. Address your flight plan to include GBYDZTZX (Banjul ATC)

Visa and passport requirements: RSA passport holders need visas.

Health requirements: A Yellow Fever certificate is mandatory if coming from endemic area. There is a high risk of Malaria throughout the year. Cholera, Bilharzias

and Rabies are present. Water is contaminated and must be boiled before use and milk is unpasteurised and should also be boiled.

Safety and security: Petty street crime is a problem in Gambia. Be on your guard against pick-pockets in crowded market areas and on ferries. Do not leave pack ages or luggage unattended in taxis.

Political status: Gambia is a developing country in West Africa. It recently completed a transition from military to civilian rule. Currently the situation is calm, although there have been some disturbances.

GHANADialling Code: +233.Local Time: UTC. Local Currency: CEDI (GHC).

Airport of entry: (DGAA) Accra. All flights require prior permission.

Visa and passport requirements: RSA passport holders require visas.

Health requirements: A Yellow Fever certificate is mandatory. There is a high risk of Malaria throughout the year. Immunisation is strongly recommended for Tetanus and Hepatitis A & B.

Safety and security: Petty street crime is a problem in Ghana. Look out for pick pockets in the crowded market areas and on ferries. Do not leave packages or lug gage unattended in taxis. Airport security is employed.

Political situation: Politically stable, Ghana is a developing country.

Comments: Aircraft are routing through Accra ATC fairly easily these days and it is certainly a quick turnaround point in West Africa. Landing, navigation and handling charges are payable in cash only, unless credit has been arranged through Execujet Aviation Services. HF or VHF/mobile ground communications can be supplied on hire.

GUINEA BISSAUDialling Code: +245, Local Time: UTC. Local Currency: Franc (GNF). Check Notams and travel advisories.

Airport of entry: (GGOV) Bissau. All flights require prior permission.

Visa and passport requirements: RSA passport holders do not require visas for stays of up to one month.

Health requirements: A Yellow Fever certificate is mandatory if coming from endemic area. Malaria there is a high risk throughout the year. Cholera there is a serious risk. Hepatitis, Meningitis Bilharzias, Rabies, Filariasis and River Blindness are present. Water is contaminated and must be boiled

Safety and security: Tensions in Guinea Bissau continue due to outbreaks of armed conflict. The US Embassy suspended operations and all US officials left the country in June 1998.

Political situation: The situation in Guinea Bissau is unstable. It is prone to sporadic outbreaks of armed conflict. The country is currently experiencing major internal upheaval.

GUINEA REPUBLICDialling Code: +224. Local Time: UTC. Local Currency: Guinea Franc (GNF). Avgas is very scarce. Check Notams.

Airport of entry: (GUCY) Conakry. All flights require prior permission

Visa and passport requirements: RSA passport holders do require visas

Health requirements: A Yellow Fever certificate is mandatory. There is a high risk of malaria throughout the year.

Safety and security: Guinea has experienced occasional civil unrest in Conakry and other large towns in all regions of the country. US and RSA citizens have not been targeted in any civil unrest.

Political situation: Guinea is a developing West African country.

IVORY COASTDialling Code: + 225. Local Time: UTC. Local Currency: Central African Franc (XOF)

Airports of entry: (DIAP) Abidjan and (DIYO) Yamoussoukro. All flights need prior permission.

Visa and passport requirements: RSA passport holders require a visa. However, visas are not required by crew, a pilot’s licence is sufficient.

Health requirements: A Yellow Fever certificate is essential — this is very strictly enforced. There is a high risk of Malaria throughout the year and Cholera is present.

Safety and security: Travellers are urged to exercise caution and maintain security awareness at all times. The Ivory Coast is undergoing a period of extended political, social and economic uncertainty. Violent demonstrations have occurred in the past and can flare up again without warning. Aircraft and personal security is required day and night at present

Political status: This is a developing country on the west coast of Africa. It has a volatile political climate after the military coup d’etat in 1999 and military mutiny in 2000. It is currently classified as “unstable and unpredictable.”

KENYADialling Code: + 254. Local Time: UTC + 3. Local Currency: Kenyan Shilling.

Airports of entry: (HKMO) Mombasa, (HKJK) Nairobi Jomo Kenyatta and (HKNW) Nairobi Wilson. Private or ferry operators do not require prior permission, a flight plan is sufficient (non-revenue flights). All revenue flights do require prior permission. Some additional information is required when an application is made such as contact details in Kenya and, in the case of a business flight, the business contact details.

Visa and passport requirements: No visas are required by SA passport holders for a visit not exceeding 30 days. Crew ID cards are required

Health requirements: A Yellow Fever certificate is required if coming from endemic area or travelling through non-urban areas. Malaria risk can vary. All areas below 2500 m should be checked, but there is none in Nairobi. Immunisation recommended

for Tetanus and Hepatitis A & B. A Cholera vaccination is advised but is not compulsory

Safety and security: Sporadic political or ethnic tensions boil over in outbreaks of civil disorder or political violence. Basic security precautions should be observed to maximise safety.

Political situation: It is basically a stable, developing east African country.

LESOTHODialling Code: + 266. Local Time: UTC + 2. Local Currency: Loti (Lsl).

Airport of entry: (FXMM) Maseru. Private flights need to file a flight plan prior to flight. Scheduled and non-scheduled flights require permission

Visa and passport requirements: RSA passport holders do not require a visa for stays up to one month.

Health requirements: Immunisation recommended for Tetanus

Safety and security: Despite suffering significant civil disorder and riot conditions in September 1998, social peace and stability have returned to Lesotho which is a developing southern Africa country.

Political situation: Stable.

LIBERIADialling Code: + 2361. Local Time UTC. Local Currency: Liberian dollar (LRD).

Airport of entry: (GLRB) Monrovia. Prior permission is required for all flights.

Visa and passport requirements: RSA passport holders require visas.

Health requirements: A Yellow Fever certificate must accompany the visa application. There is a high risk of Malaria throughout the year and the risk status of Cholera is “serious”. Meningitis, Rabies and Bilharzias are present and water is contaminated and should be boiled. Milk is unpasteurised and should be boiled.

Safety and security: Monrovia’s crime rate is high; theft and assault are major problems and occur more frequently after dark

Political situation: Liberia is a developing West African country. A democratically elected government was installed in August 1997, but has made little progress to date.

LIBYADialling Code: +218. Local Time: UTC +2. Local Currency: Libyan Dinar.

Airports of entry: (HLLB) Benghazi and (HLLT) Tripoli International. All flights require prior permission.

Visa and passport requirements: It is a forbidden destination for all US citizens. Access for South Africans and some European citizens has eased. Check with the nearest Libyan consulate and your own embassy.

Health requirements: Yellow Fever inoculation is required if coming from an endemic area. There is a low risk of malaria only in the south west of the country from February to August. Hepatitis A is present as is Cholera, Bilharzias and Rabies.

Water is contaminated in rural areas and should be boiled for consumption. Milk is un-pasteurised and should be boiled.

Safety and security: United Nations sanctions have been lifted, but USA sanctions remain in place. Crime is a growing problem in Libya. The most common crimes are auto theft and theft of items left in cars.

Political situation: Officially known as the Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Libya has a developing economy. Libya is also a champion of the United States of Africa concept to replace the out dated Organisation of African Unity (OAU).

MADAGASCARDialling Code: +261. Local Time: UTC+3. Capital: Antananarivo.

Airports of entry: (FMNL) Antananarivo, (FMNA) Antsiranana, (FMNM) Mahajanga, (FMMV) Morondava, (FMNN) Nosy Be, (FMMS) Sainte-Marie, (FMMT) Toamasina, (FMSD) Tolagnaro and (FMST) Toliara. Prior permission is required for all flights. Madagascar is a French- speaking nation and documentation is likely to be in French.

Visa and passport requirements: Visas and passports are required. Visas should be obtained in advance. However, airport visas are available in Antananarivo (International airport).

Health requirements: Malaria is wide spread in low lying areas. Yellow Fever immunisation is required if coming from an infected area within six months.

Safety and security: Travellers are advised to avoid crowds and street demonstrations. Maintain security awareness at all times.

Political situation: Madagascar is a developing island nation off the east coast of Africa. The political climate is stable

Cabotage: Cabotage operations require prior permission from the local Ministry of Transport.

MALAWIDialling Code: 09265. Local Time: UTC +2.Local Currency: Kwacha.

Airports of entry: (FWCL) Blantyre, (FWKA) Karonga, (FWLI) Lilongwe and (FWSM) Salima. Prior permission is required for all flights. Additional information required on application. Contact details in Malawi and, in the case of a business flight, business contact details also need to be submitted.

Visa and passport requirements: USA passport holders do not require a visa for stays up to three months.

Health requirements: Yellow Fever certificate is required. There is a high risk of Malaria throughout the year, although this diminishes slightly in the higher sections of the mountain region. Immunisation is recommended for Tetanus and Hepatitis A & B. Cholera is present in certain areas. If uncertain, use only bottled water.

Safety and security: Spontaneous civil disturbances, primarily related to labour and student strikes occur, but are uncommon. Travellers are advised to avoid crowds, political rallies and street demonstrations. Maintain security awareness at all times.


MALIDialling Code: 09223+. Local Time: UTC. Local Currency: Mauritanian Ouguiya (MRO). Capital: Nouakchott

Airports of entry: (GABS) Bamako, (GAGO) Gao, (GAKY) Kayes, (GAMB) Mopti, (GANR) Nioro and (GASK) Sikasso. Prior permission is required for all flights. Mali is a French-speaking nation.

Visa and passport requirements: USA passport holders require a visa.

Health requirements: A Yellow Fever certificate is required. There is a high risk of malaria throughout the year. Immunisation recommended for Tetanus.

Safety and security: Although the level of violent crimes remains low, petty crimes such as pick pocketing and theft are common. Security at aircraft is required, but the airport management does supply this.


GABS does not have AVGAS (hasn't for years) - Most piston aircraft push onward to Ouagadougou for Avgas. If insisting on landing at GABS, contact SAS +2232229826. They might be able to give a little help (and give you a price).

MAURITANIADialling Code: +222. Local Time: UTC. Local Currency: Mauntanian Ouguiya (MRO).

Airports of entry: (GQPP) Nouadhibou and (GQNN) Nouakchott, all flights require prior permission.

Visa and passport requirements: Visas are required by SA passport holders. South Africans may apply for visas through the French Consulate.

Health requirements: A Yellow Fever certificate is required if you are arriving from an endemic area or staying in the country for less than two weeks. Malaria is present all year in the south only. Hepatitis A & B, Meningitis and Tetanus are present. Water is contaminated and should be boiled. Milk is un-pasteurised and should also be boiled

Safety and security: Political gatherings and street demonstrations have been known to occur. Travellers are advised to avoid large crowds and maintain security awareness at all times.

Political situation: Mauritania is a developing north-western African country where Islam is the prevailing religion. It is recommended that sleeved garments are worn. Avoid wearing short trousers or pants as these may be regarded as offensive.

General: Mauritania is a French speaking nation.

MAURITIUSDialling code: +230. Local Time: UTC+4. Local Currency: Mauritius rupee (Rs).

Airport of entry: (FIMP) Plaisance.

Ground communication: VHF.

Clearances: All flights to Mauritius require prior permission. Additional information required on application, such as reason for visit, contact details in Mauritius, name of person and passport details

Visa and passport requirements: Crew member licences are accepted instead of a passport or visa. Visitors from South Africa, the USA, Europe, Australia, Japan and Canada do not require visas.

Health requirements: Vaccination for Cholera and Yellow Fever are necessary if arriving from an endemic area.

Safety and security: Petty crime is a problem. It is unadvisable to walk alone at night outside the immediate grounds of the hotels. Pick-pocketing is common in the central market district in Port Louis

Political situation: Mauritius has a stable democratic political system and a growing economy. The major religions practiced in Mauritius are Hindi, Christianity, Islam and Buddhism.

General: The official language is English, but French is the dominant lingua franca.

MOROCCODialling Code: +212. Local Time: UTC. Local Currency: Moroccan Dirham (MAD).

Airports of entry: (GMAD) Agadir, (GMTA) Al Hoceima, (GMMC) Casablanca (Anfa), (GMMN) Casablanca (Mohamed V), (GMFK) Errachidia, (GMFF) Fes, (GMMX) Marrakech, (GMMW) Nador, (GMMZ) Ouarzazate, (GMFO) Oujda, (GMME) Rabat, (GMAT) Tan Tan, (OMIT) Tanger and (GMTN) Tetouan.

Clearances: All flights require prior permission.

Visa and passport requirements: Visas are required by SA passport holders. British passport holders do not need visas nor do EU passport holders.

Health requirements: Yellow Fever and Cholera- certificates are compulsory if coming from an infected area. Immunisation is recommended for Tetanus and for Hepatitis A & B.

Safety and security: Morocco has a high crime rate in urban areas. Tourists have been targeted in the past. Most of the petty crimes occur in the markets, parks and beaches. Travellers should remain cognisant of their surroundings.


MOZAMBIQUEDialling Code: +258. Local Time: UTC + 2. Local Currency: Metical (MZM).

Airports of entry: (FQBR) Beira, (FQMA) Maputo, (FQNP) Nampulo and Pemba (FQPB).

Clearances: All flights require prior permission

Visa and passport requirements: USA passport holders require a Visa – no visa is required for South Africans.

Health requirements: Immunisation for Cholera is required if travelling outside regular tourist areas and if travelling by road. The risk is extremely high for Malaria and food and water borne diseases. Passengers are required to seek advice before departure from the health clinics. Immunisation recommended for Hepatitis and Tetanus.

Safety and security: Crime is a serious concern for travellers. Travellers are advised to remain aware of their surroundings at all times.


Cabotage: This is not allowed, although you may request an extension from the Department of Civil Aviation.

REUNIONDialling Code: +262. Local Time: UTC + 4 hours.

Airport of entry: (FMEE) St. Denis, the capital.

Clearances: No prior permission required, although a filed flight plan is mandatory. Reunion is a French speaking nation.

Visa and passport requirements: Visas are available at the air port for visits up to 10 days.

Health requirements: Yellow Fever certificates are required. There is a high risk of Malaria throughout the year and Cholera, Bilharzias and Rabies are all present. Immunisation is recommended for Tetanus, Hepatitis A & B and Polio.

Safety and security: Maintain safety awareness and apply basic common sense.

Political situation: Reunion is managed as a French colony

RWANDADialling Code: +250. Local Time: UTC +2. Local Currency: Franc (RWF).

Airport of entry: (HRYR) Kigali, the capital.

Clearances: All flights require prior per mission. Rwanda is a French speaking nation.

Visa and passport requirements: Visas are required by all visitors for stays of up to three months, except those who are Tanzanian, Ugandan or USA citizens or transit passengers continuing their journey on the same, or first connecting, aircraft, provided they hold onward or return documentation and do not leave the airport.

Health requirements: Yellow Fever certificates are required. There is a serious risk of Cholera and a high risk of Malaria. Immunisation is recommended for Hepatitis A & B and Tetanus. Only drink bottled or boiled water and hygienically prepared food

Safety and security: Most of Rwanda has been calm since the war and genocide ended in July 1994.

Political situation: The situation in Rwanda is stable.

SAO TOMEDialling Code: +239. Local Time: UTC. Local Currency: Dobra (STD).

Airports of entry: (FPST) Sao Tome, the capital.

Clearances: All flights require prior per mission except for private flights registered in an ICAO member state.

Visa and passport requirements: USA passport holders require a visa.

Health requirements: Yellow Fever certificates are required. Bilharzias, Typhoid and Rabies are present. Immunisation is recommended for Malaria Tetanus, Hepatitis A & B, Polio and Tetanus.

Safety and security: Incidents of crime do occur. It is advised that travellers maintain security awareness at all times.

Political situation: Sao Tome Island is politically stable.

SENEGALDialling Code: +221. Local Time: UTC. Local Currency: Franc CFA West (XOF).

Airports of entry: (GOOY) Dakar, the capital, (GOOK) Kaolack, (GOSS) Saint Louis, and (GGG) Ziguinchor.

Clearances: All flights require prior per mission. The official language is French.

Visa and passport requirements: Visas are required by all except for UK, Canadian, USA, EU and Japanese nationals for stays of up to 90 days. Passports must be valid for at least six months after date of entry and are required by all.

Health requirements: Yellow Fever Meningitis inoculation certificates are mandatory. This is a strictly enforced condition. Bilharzias, Rabies, Malaria and Cholera are present. Drink only bottled water. Eat only hygienically prepared food. Immunisation is recommended for Hepatitis A & B, Polio, Tetanus and Typhoid.

Safety and security: Travellers are advised to avoid political gatherings and street demonstrations. It is advised to maintain security awareness at all times. Airport security is provided for the aircraft.

Political situation: Senegal is politically stable.

SEYCHELLESDialling Code: +248. Local Time: UTC +4. Local Currency: Seychelles Rupee

Airports of entry: (FSIA) Mahé Island.


Visa and passport requirements: Visas are required by all except passengers holding onward or return tickets.

Health requirements: A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required by all travellers arriving from infected areas or who have passed through partly or wholly endemic areas within the preceding 6 days. Water is normally chlorinated, and although relatively safe, may cause mild abdominal upsets. Bottled water is available and should be used for the first few weeks of the stay. Milk is pasteurised and dairy products are safe for consumption. Local meat, poultry, seafood, fruit and vegetables are generally considered safe to eat. Rabies may be present in certain areas. There is a large general hospital in Victoria and there are clinics elsewhere on Mahé, Praslin and

La Digue. Visitors may obtain emergency treatment for a basic consultancy fee. Additional medical insurance is advised.

Safety and security: No security is required for aircraft, crew or passengers

Political situation: Stable

SIERRA LEONEDialling Code: +232. Local Time: UTC. Local Currency: Leone (SLL)

Airports of entry: (GFLL) Freetown.

Clearances: All flights require prior permission. Nationals of Liberia need prior authorisation from the Government of Sierra Leone.

Visa and passport requirements: Passports, valid for a minimum of six months, are required by all. Visas are required by all except transit passengers continuing their journey by the same or first connecting aircraft provided they are holding onward or return documentation and do not leave the airport.

Health requirements: A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required by travellers arriving from infected areas. Travellers arriving from non-endemic zones should note that vaccination is strongly recommended for travel outside the urban areas, even if an outbreak of the disease has not been reported and they would normally not require a vaccination certificate to enter the country. A malaria risk exists, all year throughout the country. All water should be regarded as being potentially contaminated. Water used for drinking, brushing teeth or making ice should have first been boiled or otherwise sterilised. Milk is un-pasteurised and should be boiled. Medical facilities are extremely limited and continuing to decline. Missions and foreign aid organisations provide some medical facilities. Health insurance is essential. It is advisable to take personal medical supplies.

Safety and security: Travel Warning: Unless on essential business we advise against all travel to Sierra Leone. Contact the nearest Sierra Leone consulate or your own embassy to assess travel in the area.

Political Situation: Despite some positive signs, parts of the country are beyond government control and the potential remains for a return to the chaos.

SOMALIADialling Code: +252. Local Time: UTC+3. Local Currency: Somali Shilling (SOS)

Airports of entry: (HCMI) Berbera, (HCMH) Hargeysa, (HCMK) Kismaayo, (HCMM) Mogadishu.


Visa and passport requirements: The Somali Embassy in London is closed at present owing to civil war in Somalia. Valid passports and visas are required by all except transit passengers continuing their journey by the same or first connecting aircraft, provided they hold onward or return documentation and do not leave the airport.

Health requirements: A yellow fever certificate is required if coming from an endemic area. Malaria is a high risk and immunisation against tetanus is recommended. Immunisation against Hepatitis A & B as well as polio is also

recommended. Bilharzias and rabies are also present. Water is contaminated and should be boiled, particularly in rural areas. Health insurance is essential. Medical treatment at government-run hospitals and dispensaries is free for Somalians and may sometimes be free for visitors.

Safety and Security: Travel Warning: We strongly advise against travel to Somalia. Interclan and international fighting can flare up with little warning and travellers should practice security awareness at all times. Political Situation: Unstable

SOUTH AFRICADialling Code: +27. Local Time: UTC+2. Local Currency: Rand (ZAR).

Airports of entry: (FALA) Lanseria, (FACT) Cape Town, (FADN) Durban, (FAJS) Johannesburg, (FAPE) Port Elizabeth, (FAWB) Pretoria.


Visa and passport requirements: Visas are required by all, with exception for some business and tourism purposes. Please check with you nearest South African embassy for more details

Health Requirements: A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers over one year of age arriving from infected areas. The yellow fever vaccination certificate only becomes valid 10 days after immunisation. A malaria risk exists throughout the year in the low altitude areas of the Northern Province, Mpumalanga (including the Kruger National Park) and north-eastern kwaZulu Natal as far south as the Tugela River. The risk is highest in the period from October to May. Tap water is considered safe to drink in urban areas but may be contaminated else where and sterilisation is advisable. Milk is pasteurised and dairy products are safe for consumption. Medical facilities are excellent. Health insurance is recommended.

Safety and Security: South Africa is a democracy and is stable at this time. Travellers should maintain security awareness at all times.

Political Situation: Stable

SUDAN Airports of Entry: (HSDN) Dongo, (HSSS) Khartoum

Clearances: All flights require prior permission. No "N" registered aircraft allowed in airspace unless the operator is not USA based operator Visa Requirements: Restricted entry: The Sudanese authorities refuse entry and transit to nationals of Israel and holders of passports that contain visas for Israel (either valid or expired). PASSPORTS: Passport valid for at least 6 months and required by all. VISAS: Required by all

Health Requirements: Yellow Fever - If coming from endemic area. Malaria - High risk all year. Tetanus. Hepatitis A and B. Polio. Typhoid - Immunisation recommended. Sleeping Sickness - High Safety & Security: Travellers are warned about travelling to Sudan because of violence within the country. Travellers are urged to consider their personal safety when determining whether to remain in the country. Travellers who remain should keep a low profile and remain alert to changing developments. Aircraft security is provided Detail: Ground Communication - VHF

SWAZILAND Airports of Entry: (FDMS) Matshapa Clearances: All flights require prior permission Visa Requirements: PASSPORTS: Passport valid for at least 6 months upon entry required by all. VISAS: Required by all except the following for stays of up to 60 days. Nationals of Britain, Australia, Canada, USA, EU and Japan. Nationals of Commonwealth countries (except nationals of Antigua & Barbuda, Bangladesh, Cameroon, Fiji, India, Maldives, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Pakistan and Sri Lanka who do require a visa). Nationals of Iceland, Israel, Liechtenstein, Norway, Poland, San Marino and Taiwan Health Requirements: Malaria. Tetanus - Immunisation recommended Safety & Security: Petty street crime, primarily theft of money and personal property occurs with some frequency. Travellers are advised to avoid political rallies and street demonstrations. Maintain security awareness at all times

TANZANIA Airports of Entry: (HTDA) Dar Es Slaam, (HTDO) Dodoma, (HTKA) Kigoma, (HTKJ) Kilimanjaro, (HTMB) Mtwara, (HTMW) Mwanza, (HTPE) Pemba, (HTTB) Tabora, (HTTG) Tanga, (HTZA) Zanzibar Clearances: All flights require prior permission. No overflight permit will be issued before the navigation charges have been settled. No flights allowed to or from Burundi

Visa Requirements:

Note: (a) Visa requirements are liable to change at short notice. For up-to-date information contact the nearest Embassy or Consulate The granting of a visa does not guarantee permission to enter Tanzania. The Immigration Officer reserves the right to grant or deny admission. Visa holders are subject to normal immigration control at the port of entry and should carry with them, for possible presentation to Immigration Officers, the documents submitted with their applications PASSPORTS: Passport valid for at least 6 months and required by all VISAS: Required by all except the following for stays of up to 3 months (who are issued with a visitor's pass on arrival):nationals of 1. Antigua & Barbuda, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Botswana, Brunei, Cameroon, Cyprus, Dominica, Gambia, Grenada, Guyanan, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Maldives, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, Nauru, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Sao Tome e Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Swaziland, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Zambia and Zimbabwe.Note: 2. All other nationals must obtain visas in advance except nationals coming from a country where there is no Tanzania embassy, high commission, or consulate to issue a visa. In this case, these nationals may obtain a visa on arrival at one of the following four main entry points, provided all immigration and health requirements are met: Dar es Salaam International Airport, Zanzibar International Airport, Kilimanjaro International Airport, Namanga Entry Point (Tanzania-Kenya border crossing).

Health Requirements: Yellow Fever Certificate. Malaria - High risk. Epidemic Meningitis - In the dry season. Hepatitis A and B. Typhoid Tetanus - Immunisation recommended. Cholera and Polio - Immunisation recommended if travelling by road

Safety & Security: Political tension in Zanzibar and Pemba is high. The area near Tanzania's borders with Rwanda and Burundi has been the site of military clashes. Street crime in Dar es Salaam is common

TOGO Airports of Entry: DXDP / Dapango DXXX / Lome DXMG / Niamtougou DXMG / Sansanne-Mango DXSK / Sokode

Clearances: All flights require prior permission French speaking Visa Requirements: PASSPORTS: Valid passport required by all Note: For nationals of countries without diplomatic representation in Togo, passports must be valid for 6 months beyond the date of departure VISAS: Required by all except the following for stays of up to 90 days:

Nationals of other ECOWAS countries (Economic Community of West African States): Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea (Republic), Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria and Senegal

Health Requirements: Yellow Fever Certificate Malaria - High risk Tetanus Typhoid Hepatits A and B Polio - Immunisation recommended Rabies and Billharzia present Safety & Security: Pick pocketing and theft are common Travellers are advised to avoid political rallies and street demonstrations Maintain security awareness at all times

TUNISIA Airports of Entry: DTTJ / Djerba DTMB / Monastir DTTX / Sfax DTKA / Tabarka DTTZ / Tozeur DTTA / Tunis

Clearances: All flights require prior permission Visa Requirements: PASSPORTS: Valid passport required by all VISAS: Required by all except the following: Nationals from Britain, Canada, USA, UE and Janpan for stays of up to 3 months Nationals of Algeria, Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Bahrain, Barbados, Bermuda, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brunei, Bulgaria (up to 2 months), Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Dominica, Fiji, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Gambia, Guinea Republic, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Kiribati, Korea (Rep. of), Kuwait, Libya, Liechtenstein, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Monaco, Montserrat, Morocco, Niger, Norway, Oman, Qatar, Romania, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Slovenia, Slovak Republic, Solomon Islands, Switzerland, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Vatican City, Virgin Islands and Yugoslavia Nationals of the Russian Federation and CIS for package holidays only Transit passengers from countries whose nationals do not require a visa to enter Tunisia, continuing their journey within 48 hours (24 hours for nationals of China (PR), Lebanon and Syria), provided holding valid onward or return documentation and not leaving the airport Note: 1. Nationals of Australia and South Africa, who do need a visa, can obtain it on arrival. Check with the Embassy for details of length of stay Health Requirements: Yellow Fever Certificate - If coming from an endemic area

Tetanus - Immunisation recommended

Safety & Security: The governmennt of Tunisia takes many security measures for the benefit of the many tourists who visit Tunisia Maintain security awareness at all times

UGANDA Airports of Entry: (HUEN) Entebbe Clearances: All flights require prior permission. If a visit is intended, all contact details in Uganda must be supplied Visa Requirements: Restricted entry: Entry may be refused to passengers not holding sufficient funds, return or onward tickets and other necessary travel documents PASSPORTS: Passport valid for at least 6 months required by all VISAS: Required by all except the following: Nationals of Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Burundi, Comoros, Cyprus, Eritrea, Fiji, Gambia, Grenada, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malta, Mauritius, Rwanda, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Vanuatu, Zambia and Zimbabwe Transit passengers continuing to a third country by the same or first connecting flight, provided holding confirmed tickets and travel documents and not leaving the airport

Health Requirements: Yellow Fever Certificate Cholera (staml only) and Polio - Immunisation recommended if travelling by road Malaria - High risk all year Tetanus - Immunisation recommended Hepatitis A and B Typhoid

Safety & Security: Travellers, who track Gorillas in Bwundi Impenetrable Forest, are at risk of rebel attacks Travellers are advised not to overnight in the park Safety is enhanced by increased distance from the border to the Democratic Republic of Congo

ZAMBIA Airports of Entry: (FLCP) Chipata, (FLKS) Kasama, (FLLI) Livingstone, (FLLS) Lusaka, (FLND) Ndola Clearances: All flights require permission from the DCA as well as the Air Force. A very specific format of application is required. Need to furnish following details

Flight level Cruising speed Entry and exit permits Crew and Passenger passport details

Visa Requirements: PASSPORTS: Passport valid for 6 months from the date of entry required by all VISAS: Required by all except the following for stays of up to 30 days British tourists travelling in organised tour groups pre-arranged through tour operators in conjunction with registered local Zambian tour operators Nationals of Ireland (all other EU nationals do require a visa) Nationals of Romania and Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) Nationals of Commonwealth countries (except nationals of Bangladesh, Gambia, Ghana, India, Mozambique, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka and New Zealand who do require a visa) Transit passengers continuing their journey by the same or first connecting aircraft within 24 hours provided holding valid onward or return documentation and not leaving the airport Health Requirements: Yellow Fever Certificate - For Northern and Western Zambia Malaria - High risk all year round Tetanus - Immunisation recommended Hepatitis A and B Safety & Security: State security is always provided at all airports of entry

ZIMBABWE Airports of Entry: FVVB / Beit Bridge FVBU / Buluwayo FVKB / Kariba FVMU / Mutare FVFA / Victoria Falls Clearances: Private flights with less than seven passengers do not require prior permission as a flight plan is sufficient. All other flights with less than seven passengers must apply for permission from the DCA. More than seven passengers must apply for permission from the Minister of Transport Visa Requirements:

PASSPORTS: Passport valid for at least 6 months from date of entry and are required by all VISAS: Required by all except the following: Nationals of Canada, Ireland, Sweden and the UK Nationals of Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Botswana, Brunei, Fiji, Grenada, Guyana, Hong Kong, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, Nauru, Norway, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Zambia Passengers continuing their journey to a third country within 6 hours by the same or connecting flight, provided holding tickets with reserved seats and documents for onward travel and not leaving the transit area

Note: Nationals of the following countries may obtain visas on arrival in Zimbabwe, provided holding tickets and documents for return or onward travel and sufficient funds for their stay: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, Cook Islands, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Iceland, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea (Rep. of), Kuwait, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Seychelles, Spain, Switzerland, USA and Vatican City Health Requirements: Malaria - During summer months (November to May) and areas below 1 200m, not in Harare Tetanus - Immunisation recommended Safety & Security: War veterans have not targeted US citizens, but they are warned to stay away from occupied farms Assess the fuel situation before embarking on a long journey Travellers are advised to keep their fuel tanks topped off as much as possible

tips for the aviator

Documents