timing applications and user equipment r. michael garvey ...€¦ · cesium beam 4310 – test...
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Timing Applications and User EquipmentR. Michael Garvey
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop5-6 December 2005
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 2
Outline
Atomic Clock TechnologiesAtomic Clock VendorsRubidium Gas Cell Cesium BeamHydrogen MaserEmerging Commercial Clock Technologies
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 3
Atomic Clock Allan Deviation
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 4
Precision Clock Manufacturers
Accubeat -IsraelFrequency Electronics Inc. -USAKvarz -Russia Observatory of Neuchatel -SwitzerlandPerkinElmer -USAStanford Research Systems -USASymmetricom -USATemex Time -SwitzerlandVremya-CH -Russia
Rubidium Gas Cell
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 6
Rubidium Gas Cell Innovations
Phase lock to 1 pps inputTemperature compensationDigital control and telemetryPumping light intensity stabilizationLower costSmaller sizeHigher operating ambient temperatureRobust monitoring and fault detection
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 7
Accubeat Rubidium
AR-40A AR-60A AR-100B
AR-61A AR-62A AR-80A
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 8
PerkinElmer Rubidium
RFS 10RAFS
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 9
Symmetricom Rubidium
LPROX72
8040C
RubiSource T&M
8130
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 10
Temex Rubidium
LCR-900
HPFRS
LPFRS
RMO
MCFRS
LPRO
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 11
Toyocom Rubidium
Rb-1008B
Rb-2010FB
Rb-3100 Rb-5000
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 12
Stanford Research Systems Rubidium
FS725PRS10
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 13
Frequency Electronics Rubidium
FE 5658A
FE 5660A
FE 5652A
FE 5650A
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 14
Clocks for Extreme Environments
Temex RAFS PerkinElmer RAFS Symmetricom 8130
FEI 5600M
Symmetricom 8122
Symmetricom 4410
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 15
Rubidium Allan Deviation
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 16
Rubidium Allan Deviation Drift Removed
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 17
Disciplining Rubidium to GPS
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 18
Disciplining Rubidium to 1 pps
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 19
Temperature Compensation
Cesium Beam
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 21
Cesium Beam Innovations
Microprocessors and direct digital synthesizersImproved microwave spectrum for atomic interrogationServos to monitor and control magnetic field and microwave powerSophisticated interrogation to remove baseline effectsProducts customized for telecommunicationsOptical techniques in the future
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 22
Cesium Beam
4310 – Test & Measurement
Cs4000 - Timekeeping
5071A - Metrology
TimeCesium - Telecom
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 23
Zeeman Levels in Magnetic Field
F=3
-4-3-2-1012
"Zee
man
" Tra
nsiti
on
Clo
ck T
rans
ition
Energy
Magnetic Bias Field
9192
6317
70 H
z
mF
43
3210
-1-2-3
F=4
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 24
Cesium Spectrum
-200 -100 0 100 200
Sign
al [A
RB
]
Detuning [kHz]
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 25
Clock Transition
-10 0 10
Sign
al [A
rb]
Detuning [kHz]
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 26
4-Point Interrogation
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
CB
T Si
gnal
RF Tuning [kHz]
Interrogation Points
Passive and Active Hydrogen Maser
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 28
Vremya-CH
VCH-1006 Passive Maser
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 29
Kvarz
CH1-76A Passive Maser
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 30
Kvarz
CH1-75 Active Maser
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 31
Observatory Neuchatel EFOS Maser
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 32
Symmetricom
Sigma Tau MHM 2010
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 33
Vremya-CH
VCH-1003
VCH-1005
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 34
Active Maser Allan Deviation
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 35
Maser Lifetime
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
S i gma Ta u M a se r LI f e t i me ( a s of De c e mbe r 2 0 0 5 )
Age
, in
year
s
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 36
Maser Frequency Drift
D. Matsakis, P. Koppang and R. M. Garvey, 2004, “The Long-Term Stability of the U.S. Naval Observatory’s Masers”, Proceedings of the 36th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Systems and Applications Meeting, December 7-9, 2004
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 37
BIPM ClocksAverage Weights of the BIPM Clocks
Data as of 09/26/05 - by clock type
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0.900
1.000
Primary Clocks 5071A Hi Perf Hydrogen 5071A Std HP5061A/B Other Cesium
Ave
rage
Wei
ght
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 38
BIPM Clock Weight by Type
BIPM International Atomic TimeComponent Clocks by Clock Weight
Other Cesium0.02%
Primary Clocks2.80%
Hydrogen11.69%
HP5061A/B0.01%
5071A85.49%Data as of 09/26/05
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 39
5071A BIPM Frequency Distribution
<-5 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 >5
S1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Frequency Offset (x 1e13)
Number of Clocks
High Performance 5071A
Data as of 10/31/05177 ClocksMean = 0.563E-13Std Dev = 1.339E-13
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 40
Chip Scale Atomic Clock
Ultra small, ultra low power, modest performancePower: <30 mWStability: <1e-11 Allan deviation at 1 hour averaging timeSize: < 1 cm3
CSAC Physics Package CSAC Prototype
Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 41
Optically Pumped Cesium
F=3
PhotoDetector
Fluorescence Detection Laser Source
9192 MHz
Optically Pumped CBT
Optical PumpingLaser Source
F=3+
F=4
F=3+
F=4
