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A Quarterly of the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)September 2014FRIM in FOCUS2

EditorialBoard FRIM in Focus (FIF) is distributed free of charge upon request. We welcome feedback on any of the FIF articles.

Address comments and enquiries to:

Cover photo: Removing a composite brick from the moulding machine

The Editor & Writer of FRIM In Focus Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)52109 Kepong, Selangor DE, Malaysia

Telephone : +603-6279 7501 | Facsimile : +603-6273 1076E-mail : [email protected] | Website : www.frim.gov.myDesign & Printing : Cetak Jitu Sdn Bhd

AdvisorsDato’ Dr Abdul Latif MohmodDr Mohamed Nor Mohd Yusoff

Technical EditorMohamad Zaki Mohd Isa

Editor & WriterIda Suraini Abd Shukor

CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER AS STRUCTURAL PANELKayu Silang Berlapis sebagai Panel Struktur

Cross laminated timber is an engineered wood product that assembles at least three odd layers of bonded lumber board, perpendicular to the grain of each other. Categorised as structural wood panel, cross laminated timber was developed in Switzerland during the early 1990’s and was later introduced into Europe, the United States of America and Australia. The material produced is flexible for long span assemblies such as floor, walls or roof, and may be fitted with other materials such as wood-frame, steel or concrete. The strength of cross laminated timber is higher as it is distributed across both panel directions, rather than a single direction as in solid sawn lumber. It is utilised in small to large scale structures, where ease and speed of construction helps to reduce the construction cost.

Focus article

Dr Hamdan [email protected] Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup, Nordahlia Abdullah Siam, Iskandar Muhd Masrukin, Mohd Izani Ishak, Dr Mohd Tamizi Mustafa & Othman Mohd Desa

Three-layered cross laminated timber panels—each panel measuring 75 mm thick

A large-sized panel from cross laminated timber

September 2014FRIM in FOCUS A Quarterly of the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) 3

ABOUT THE MAIN AUTHORDr Hamdan Husain is the Head of the New Material Development Unit, Forest Products Division. His area of specialisation includes timber and non-wood forest products, timber in construction and in-service performance, as well as product design and development. Dr Hamdan and his team is currently involved in several research and development activities including a project on cross laminated timber, which is funded by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI).

The production of cross laminated timber involves five steps from cross cutting of logs, selection and grading of timber pieces, finger jointing, and edge and face gluing. In face gluing, the number of panel layers will depend on the end requirement, while the thickness ranges from 60 to 400 mm or more. Finger jointing and bonding of the timber, enable the length of the panel to reach up to 15 m. Longer panels are also possible depending on the capability of the plant and mode of transportation.

The cross laminated timber system reduces construction time and labour requirements as the materials are prefabricated, and assembly is only conducted on-site. Environmentally, the timber also acts as carbon storage whereby carbon is fixed in the wood during production. The stored carbon reduces carbon footprint and minimises the environmental impact of building construction. Nevertheless, the use of cross laminated timber adds on to the dead weight and thickness of the cross section, while contributing to the uninteresting and rigid shapes of the end product. It is also crucial to analyse the service conditions of the panels during construction and operation to prevent moisture-related problems.

Increasing attention among building industry and related agencies in Malaysia is presently directed towards cross laminated timber thus creating the need to further study the material. In July 2013 for instance, funding for an E-science project on

the ‘Development of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) using Pioneer Timber Species into Structural Panel for Industry Building Structure Applications’ was approved by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI). Within 24 months, the project will focus on suitable pioneer timber species as materials for cross laminated timber. The project is under the supervision of the New Material Development Unit, FRIM, and conducted at the Woodworking Workshop, the Wood Lamination Laboratory and the premise of an industrial collaborator.

Focus article

Edge-gluing of cross laminated timber component

Side pressing of single layer panel

Final pressing into cross laminated timber


UNLEASHING THE POTENTIAL OF COMPOSITE BRICK FROM WOOD PARTICLES

Focus article

Utilisation of lignocellulosic residues as alternative sources for the wood-based industries is one of the programmes listed in the FRIM R&D Roadmap 2010−2015 in the area of forest products. The aim of this programme is to achieve optimum utilisation of lignocellulosic residues through efficient conversion, value-added products, and new products from advanced materials such as composites. The development of downstream value-added products such as composite wood is also targeted to broaden the range of wood-based products for high value-added niche markets and technology packages for the local industry.

The construction industry in Malaysia is guided by the National Construction Industry Master Plan strategy for 2006−2015 in the effort to drive the construction sector towards a productive, effective, and less dependence on technology-oriented

workforce. The utilisation of wood for brick-making has huge potential in the manufacturing and construction sectors.

Conventional sand-cement bricks used for various construction purposes are porous, have the ability to absorb and discharge excessive water when exposed to areas of high humidity and extreme wet weather, in addition to being in contact with ground or runoff water. Adding wood particles into the wet mix of sand and cement for composite brick-making worsens the situation as the wood component absorbs water and the brick fractures easily.

A study by the wood composite research team under the new product development cluster, attempted to overcome the water absorption and capillary effect of composite bricks by adding

Mohd Yusouf Abdul Latif [email protected]& Dr Suffian Misran

Merealisasi Keupayaan Bata Komposit daripada Partikel Kayu

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Focus article

polymer. Using systematic mixing, a composite material was successfully formed from wood, polymer, sand and cement. Bricks made from the composite are up to 30% lighter than the conventional sand-cement brick. Preliminary studies involving composition trials and tests were also conducted in mid 2012. Compression strength and saturation density results indicated a comparable performance to the conventional bricks for wall applications.

Earlier in 2012, the concept paper on the composite brick project was awarded the Gold Medal in conjunction with FRIM Innovation Day. The following year, the team presented the project and won third place at 1NRE Innovation Day 2013. The research team also registered an Invention Disclosure (ID) on the preliminary study results at the FRIM Innovation and Commercialisation Division.

ABOUT THE AUTHORSMohd Yusouf Abdul Latif from the Wood Composite Workshop and Dr Suffian Misran from the Wood Composite Testing Lab are research officers at the Biocomposites and Wood Protection Programme, Forest Products Division, FRIM. Since 2010, their research and development focus lies in the area of new wood composite product.

1. Removing a composite brick from the moulding machine

2. Composite bricks ready for the curing process

3. During the early R&D stage, the composite material produced failed to form intact cubes

4. Inspecting a coated composite brick

5. The physical appearance of cured composite cubes is similar to the conventional cement-sand bricks

6. Composite cube samples immersed in water for the curing process

7. The wood composite team with trophy and mock-up cheque received for third place during 1NRE Innovation Day 2013 at Wisma Sumber Asli, Putrajaya. Also present was Dato’ Dr Abdul Latif Mohmod, FRIM Director General (fourth from left)

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Wood, like many other materials, will rot or decay rapidly if not handled properly. Nevertheless, with proper and detailed design, good construction technique, and sufficient building maintenance, the lifespan of wooden structures can be extended substantially. Wood is often treated with chemicals to extend its service lifespan by increasing its resistance to wood decaying fungi and insect pests. The type and concentration of preservatives used to treat wood differ according to its usage specifications.

Dr Mohamad Nasir Mat Arip [email protected]

Focus article

WOOD PRESERVATIVE ANALYSIS: ENSURING QUALITY PRODUCTSAnalisis Awetan Kayu: Memastikan Produk yang Berkualiti

Inspecting wood sample received from a customer

Wood Preservative Analytical Laboratory, FRIM was established in 1985 under the Wood Chemical Programme. The laboratory is responsible for carrying out research in fields related to wood preservation and provides technical services in chemical analysis for preservatives and preserved wood. Training in quality control of preservatives, preserved wood and wood preservation processes are also provided in addition to advisory and consultancy services relating to wood treatment quality.

Emphasis on the importance of quality in carrying out activities has enabled the laboratory to be accredited with the ISO/

IEC G25 on December 1998 and ISO/IEC 17025 on December 2000. The laboratory was also awarded the IKM Excellent Chemical Laboratories Quality Award for 18 consecutive years since 1996 by the Malaysian Institute of Chemistry.

The laboratory offers comprehensive testing services for preservatives in wood to determine the level of chemical treatment applied against the relevant standards. The laboratory has processed many samples to date, for testing of copper arsenate or CCA, and boron preservatives used in roof trusses and wood furniture respectively.

2 September 2014—Kejohanan Futsal Yang Dipertua Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang yang diadakan dari 30−31 Ogos menyaksikan pasukan FRIM menduduki tempat ketiga daripada 26 pasukan agensi kerajaan dari seluruh Malaysia. Pada peringkat awal, FRIM menewaskan pasukan Polis Diraja Malaysia (4−0), Majlis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya (2−1), Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang (2−0) dan Majlis Perbandaran Seberang Perai (5−4) sebelum melayakkan diri ke peringkat separuh akhir. Bagaimanapun, FRIM tewas kepada Universiti Sains Malaysia (1−4) bagi memperoleh tempat ketiga keseluruhan dengan membawa pulang hadiah wang tunai RM1000, piala dan medal.

PASUKAN FUTSAL FRIM RAIH TEMPAT KETIGAFRIM Futsal Team Bags Third Place

Sumber dan gambar: Dr Mohamad Nasir Mat Arip

Pasukan futsal FRIM memenangi tempat ketiga dalam Kejohanan Futsal

Yang Dipertua Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang


Focus article

News article

ABOUT THE AUTHORDr Mohamad Nasir Mat Arip is a senior research officer and chemist attached to the Wood Preservative Analytical Laboratory, FRIM. He has more than ten years of working experience in the field of wood preservation and analysis of wood preservative. In 2013, he acquired a PhD in Chemistry from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Mohd Nasir is also in charge of maintaining the ISO 9001: 2008 and ISO/IEC 17025: 2005 quality systems. He is currently developing chemical sensor and biosensor.

Inserting a sample into the atomic absorption spectrophotometer

High performance liquid chromatography—instrumentto test for preservatives in wood

The analytical instrumentation available at the laboratory include gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, potentiostat, analytical balance and densimeter.

Besides providing testing services, the laboratory also offers treatment services at a laboratory scale using pressure treatment plants and utilising processes such as the Bethell, oscillating pressure, and light organic solvent preservative. Tools for wood incising procedures are also available.

Sampling analysis at the laboratory requires seven, ten and 20 working days for testing of CCA, boron, and other preservatives respectively.


Focus article

KEMASIAPAN DAN NILAI PRODUK KAYUFinishing and the Value of Wood Products

Ujian torehan bersilang paling mudah dilakukan, yakni secara menggores permukaan kemasiapan kayu dengan pisau bagi menghasilkan 25 kotak bersaiz 2 x 2 mm dan bersudut 90°. Seterusnya, pelekat akan ditampal di atas permukaan goresan lalu ditanggalkan. Kemasiapan yang berkualiti tidak akan tertanggal lalu melekat pada pelekat tersebut.

Ujian Daya LekatanUjian daya lekatan dijalankan menggunakan dua kaedah iaitu ujian torehan bersilang dan ujian tarikan.

Ujian tarikan keluar pula melibatkan penggunaan alat yang dinamakan ‘elcometer pull-off’. Alat ini dipasang kepada doli yang berfungsi menghubungkannya kepada permukaan kemasiapan. Doli dilekatkan kepada kemasiapan menggunakan gam dan dibiarkan selama 24 jam. Alat ‘elcometer pull-off’ digunakan untuk menarik keluar doli sambil merekodkan kekuatan daya tarikan dalam nilai N/mm² atau MPa. Bacaan yang diperoleh daripada alat ‘elcometer pull-off’ dan pemerhatian secara fizikal ke atas kemasiapan yang tertanggal dan melekat pada doli akan menentukan kualiti kemasiapan bahan yang diuji.

Ujian Calaran Kesan calar pada permukaan kayu yang telah dikemasiap akan menjejaskan kualiti produk yang dihasilkan. Ketahanan bahan kemasiapan terhadap calaran boleh diukur menggunakan mesin calaran. Mesin ini menggunakan jarum yang dipasang kepada beban yang boleh ditambah sehingga 2 kg bagi menghasilkan kesan calaran.

Ujian PelelasanPelelasan permukaan terjadi apabila berlakunya pertemuan dan geseran antara dua permukaan yang menyebabkan permukaan tersebut mengelupas atau tertanggal. Daya tahan pelelasan bagi bahan kemasiapan kayu diukur mengunakan mesin pelelas.

Siti Rafidah Mahmud [email protected] Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup, Mat Yaacob Che Wan & Mohd Faizul Mohd Shukari

Pisau ditoreh ke atas permukaan

kemasiapan kayu

‘Elcometer pull-off’ dipasang pada doli di atas kemasiapan

yang diuji

Kemasiapan yang tertanggal dan melekat

pada doli

Kesan calaran selepas ujian dijalankan

Kesan pelelasan pada pusingan ke-2000 ke atas

tiga sampel berbeza

Kemasiapan kayu merupakan salah satu elemen penting dalam pembuatan perabot dan barangan berasaskan kayu yang melindunginya daripada kelembapan, air, larutan organik, bahan kimia serta bahan perosak kayu yang lain. Kemasiapan juga bertujuan menambah nilai estetika barangan kayu seperti perabot, papan lantai dan dinding. Bagi perabot dalaman, jenis bahan kemasiapan yang sering digunakan oleh pihak industri ialah nitroselulase (NC), asid katalase (AC) dan poliuretan (PU). Proses menghasilkan kemasiapan yang baik merangkumi pemelasan menggunakan kertas pasir dan diikuti penyapuan atau penyemburan bahan salutan ke atas permukaan kayu atau perabot.

Nilai perabot atau bahan berasaskan kayu bergantung kepada kualiti kemasiapan. Terdapat beberapa jenis ujian yang perlu dilaksanakan bagi menentukan kualiti kemasiapan, antaranya ialah ujian daya lekatan, ujian calaran, ujian pelelasan, ujian impak, ujian daya tahan panas, ujian daya tahan bahan kimia dan ujian daya tahan perubahan suhu.


Focus article

TENTANG PENULIS UTAMASiti Rafidah Mahmud merupakan seorang Penolong Pegawai Penyelidik di Makmal Kemasiapan Kayu, Bahagian Keluaran Hutan, FRIM. Beliau membantu Ketua Makmal Kemasiapan Kayu iaitu Dr Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup dalam kerja-kerja berkaitan perkhidmatan ujian, pensijilan ISO 9001:2000 dan penyelidikan.

Ujian Impak BolaKesan impak atau hentaman pada permukaan kemasiapan kayu boleh diukur menggunakan ujian impak bola. Sebiji bola besi dengan diameter 19.0 mm dan berat 28 g dijatuhkan dari ketinggian 2 m di atas permukaan kemasiapan. Kualiti kemasiapan atau salutan yang baik dikenal pasti apabila hentaman bola tidak menghasilkan kesan rekahan di kawasan impak. Kesan rekahan atau serpihan pada kawasan impak pula menunjukkan kualiti kemasiapan kayu yang rendah.

Ujian Daya Tahan PanasUjian daya tahan panas bertujuan untuk melihat perubahan kualiti kemasiapan apabila didedahkan kepada haba bagi tempoh tertentu. Blok besi bersuhu 100° C akan diletakkan di atas permukaan salutan selama 20 minit dan perubahan kepada kemasiapan diperhatikan. Kehadiran kesan-kesan seperti seperti kepudaran, perubahan warna, pembengkakan permukaan, keretakan, kelecuran dan perubahan bentuk akan digunakan bagi mengukur kualiti kemasiapan yang diuji. Kemasiapan kayu yang tidak menunjukkan sebarang perubahan diklasifikasikan sebagai berkualiti dan mencapai piawaian yang ditetapkan.

Ujian Daya Tahan Bahan KimiaUjian daya tahan bahan kimia menggunakan beberapa jenis bahan bagi menentukan ketahanan kemasiapan kayu. Antaranya ialah air suling panas dan sejuk, etanol, asid asetik, buah-buahan sitrus, minyak dan lemak (minyak masak), perasa (kicap) dan minuman (teh). Bahan-bahan tersebut diletakkan di atas kemasiapan dan dibiarkan selama 16 jam. Kesan-kesan seperti warna luntur, pudar, melepuh, lembut, bengkak dan hilang daya lekatan diperhatikan pada kawasan ujian yang telah dibersihkan.

Ujian Daya Tahan Perubahan SuhuPerubahan suhu yang melampau akan memberikan kesan terhadap produk dan kemasiapan kayu terutamanya bagi produk yang dieksport. Bagi melihat perubahan ini, sampel ujian akan dikenakan suhu sejuk (-21±1 °C) dan panas (48.9±3 °C) secara berselang seli di dalam peti sejuk dan ketuhar. Kualiti kemasiapan yang rendah akan menyebabkan kesan rekahan pada permukaan salutan.

Secara umumnya, kualiti kemasiapan kayu dipengaruhi oleh cara penyediaan kayu atau produk, dan bahan kemasiapan yang digunakan. Kedua-dua faktor ini memainkan peranan penting bagi menghasilkan kemasiapan kayu yang berkualiti dan diterima oleh pasaran antarabangsa. Justeru, Makmal Kemasiapan Kayu FRIM telah memperoleh akreditasi ISO 9001 dan ISO 10725 bagi memastikan hasil ujian di makmal ini adalah setanding dengan makmal di luar negara.

Mesin pelelas mempunyai sejenis roda yang dilekatkan dengan kertas pasir dan berpusing sebanyak 2000 kali di atas permukaan kemasiapan. Bahan kemasiapan selanjutnya ditimbang, dan bahan yang mempunyai kadar kehilangan berat yang rendah menunjukkan kemasiapan yang berkualiti.

Kesan impak pada salutan

berkualiti rendah

Blok besi bersuhu 100 °C digunakan dalam ujian

daya tahan panas

Lapan bahan yang berkaitan dibiarkan

selama 16 jam

Tiada kesan bahan kimia diperhatikan selepas

dibersihkan

Sampel diletakkan ke dalam ketuhar untuk ujian daya

tahan perubahan suhu


Focus article

KAJIAN ANATOMI KAYU: MENENTUKAN KESESUAIAN KEGUNAAN KAYU

Anatomi kayu merupakan salah satu kajian utama dalam bidang sains tumbuhan yang telah dijalankan sejak lama dahulu. Sebelum kehadiran teknologi yang memungkinkan kajian hingga ke tahap molekul, kajian anatomi telah digunakan secara meluas untuk menentukan sistematik dan evolusi tumbuhan serta pengkelasan taksonomi tumbuhan. Kajian anatomi kayu di FRIM dimulakan sekitar 1932 oleh HE Desch, seorang pakar teknologi kayu dan masih diteruskan hingga sekarang. Aktiviti yang dijalankan oleh Desch ketika itu ialah menambah koleksi kayu, mengkaji struktur kayu dan membina koleksi rujukan slaid mikroskopik bagi semua jenis kayu di Malaya.

Sehingga kini, koleksi kayu Kepong di FRIM telah mencapai jumlah 10,036 spesimen dan merangkumi 108 famili, 426 genera serta 1587 spesies. Koleksi ini yang juga dikenali sebagai xilarium Kepong telah diiktiraf pada tahun 2012 oleh Malaysia Guiness Book of Records sebagai mempunyai koleksi kayu yang terbesar dan tertua di Malaysia.

Bagi industri dan bidang sains perkayuan, kajian anatomi kayu dijalankan untuk menentukan kesesuaian kayu bagi kegunaan-kegunaan tertentu. Selain itu, kajian ini juga berfungsi sebagai indikator kualiti kayu kerana sifat anatomi mempunyai hubungan langsung dengan kekuatan dan ketumpatan kayu. Kajian anatomi juga membantu pengecaman, bagi membolehkan kayu dijual mengikut gred yang ditetapkan.

Penelitian anatomi kayu terbahagi kepada dua, iaitu secara makroskopik, yakni menggunakan kanta tangan, dan mikroskopik, yakni berbantukan mikroskop. Bagi kajian mikroskopik, spesimen slaid perlu disediakan daripada sampel kayu. Blok kayu direndam dalam air untuk melembutkan gentiannya manakala kayu yang telah lembut dihiris menggunakan alat mikrotom, yang berupaya menghasilkan kepingan nipis setebal antara 15 ke 20 µm. Kepingan ini seterusnya diwarnakan menggunakan safranin dan dilekatkan ke atas slaid kaca menggunakan pelekat balsam kanada dan sisip kaca.

Pemilihan kayu daripada spesies yang sesuai menjadi keutamaan dalam bidang pembinaan untuk kegunaan seperti kerangka bumbung, rasuk, tiang dan lantai. Antara kayu yang sesuai untuk tujuan pembinaan ialah balau, cengal dan kempas. Kesilapan pengecaman spesies atau penggunaan kayu bergred rendah, terutamanya bagi kegunaan dalam bidang pembinaan, akan mengundang bahaya.

Study of Wood Anatomy for Wood Usage

Nordahlia Abdullah [email protected] Seng Choon, Rohana Idris & Mohd Zahari Mohd Nor

Pengecaman kayu menggunakan kanta tangan

Kajian mikroskopik anatomi kayu


Focus article

TENTANG PENULIS UTAMANordahlia Abdullah Siam ialah seorang pegawai penyelidik di Makmal Anatomi Kayu, Program Kualiti Hasil Kayu dan Bukan Kayu, Bahagian Keluaran Hutan, FRIM. Beliau menjalankan penyelidikan dalam bidang anatomi kayu dan turut memberikan perkhidmatan pengecaman kayu kepada pihak industri.

Makmal Anatomi Kayu FRIM menjalankan kajian struktur kayu tempatan dan mengumpul data yang digunakan untuk pengecaman kayu. Khidmat pengecaman kayu oleh makmal ini digunakan oleh pihak swasta dan kerajaan. Makmal ini juga terlibat dalam kajian kualiti kayu bagi pokok dari ladang hutan, di samping membantu pihak berkuasa dalam kes kecurian balak. Pegawai makmal juga terlibat sebagai saksi pakar bagi memberi pandangan di mahkamah, terutamanya bagi kes salah guna bahan kayu untuk tujuan pembinaan. Selain itu, makmal ini juga menjalankan latihan pengecaman kayu tahunan untuk pegawai FRIM.

Penerbitan yang dihasilkan oleh penjawat awam makmal anatomi kayu:

1. Gan, KS, Lim, SC & Rahim, S. Forest Products R&D at FRIM—Yesterday and Today. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. Kepong (2013)

2. Wong, TM, Revised by Lim, SC & RCK Chung. A Dictionary of Malaysian Timbers,

Malayan Forest Records No 30, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong (2002)

3. Menon, PKB. The Anatomy and Identification of Malaysian Hardwoods. Malayan Forest Records No 27, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong (1973)

4. Menon, PKB, Revised by Ani S & Lim SC. Structure and Identification of Malayan Woods. Malayan Forest Records No 25, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (1993)

5. Wong, TM. Wood Structure of the Lesser Known Timbers of Peninsular Malaysia.

Malayan Forest Records No 28, Forest Research Institute, Kepong (1976)

6. Desch, HE. Dipterocarp Timbers of the Malay Peninsula. Malayan Forest Records No 14, Forest Research Institute, Kepong (1941)

7. Desch, HE & Symington CF. Commercial Timbers of the Malay Peninsula. The Genus Shorea. Malayan Forest Records No 12, Forest Research Institute, Kepong (1936)

8. Desch, HE. Manual of Malayan timbers.Vol 1. Malayan Forest Records No 15, Malayan Publishing House Ltd, Singapore (1941)

9. Desch, HE. Manual of Malayan Timbers Vol 2. Malayan Forest Records No 15, Malayan

Publishing House Ltd, Singapore (1954)

Penjawat awam FRIM

sedang mengikuti

kursus anatomi

kayu

Lawatan daripada

kumpulan yang menjalankan penyelidikan

anai-anai

Empat generasi pegawai di Makmal Anatomi Kayu FRIM (tempoh

perkhidmatan dinyatakan dalam kurungan) dari kiri: Dr Wong Tuck

Meng (1970–1984), Lim Seng Choon (1995–2007, sekarang berkhidmat

secara kontrak, sebagai felo), Nordahlia Abdullah Siam (2009

sehingga sekarang). Gambar kanan: Dr Ani Sulaiman (1985–2012)


Focus article

Skim pensijilan produk dimulakan oleh FRIM pada Jun 2013, bertujuan untuk membantu pihak industri pembuatan produk hiliran yang berasaskan kayu dan lignoselulosa. Pensijilan memastikan tahap kualiti produk mencapai keperluan standard yang ditetapkan, memenuhi kehendak pelanggan dan selaras dengan keperluan pasaran tempatan serta luar negara. Sebagai permulaan, FRIM sebagai badan pensijilan produk, memberikan khidmatnya kepada syarikat yang menghasilkan perabot bagi kegunaan sekolah-sekolah menengah dan rendah.

Lima syarikat dipilih bagi projek perintis Perkhidmatan Pensijilan Produk FRIM (PCS FRIM). Daripada jumlah ini, empat syarikat, iaitu Yusia Jaya, Mabita, Smart Victory dan Adunan Komersil berjaya melepasi kriteria serta keperluan yang ditetapkan. Tiga syarikat diperakui bagi produk kerusi dan meja murid sekolah rendah dan menengah, manakala Adunan Komersil memperoleh pensijilan bagi meja

FRIM DAN PENSIJILAN PRODUK FRIM and Product Certification

murid sekolah rendah dan menengah, dan kerusi murid sekolah rendah.

Pada 4 Jun 2014, Perkhidmatan Pensijilan Produk FRIM telah menganjurkan majlis penyampaian sijil kepada empat syarikat yang berjaya melepasi skim pensijilan produk. Ketua Pengarah FRIM, Dato’ Dr Abdul Latif Mohmod menyampaikan sijil kepada wakil syarikat dalam majlis yang turut dihadiri oleh Pengarah Kewangan FRIM merangkap Pengarah Urusan PCS, Mohd Zamshari Abd Rahman; Pengerusi Persatuan Pengusaha Perabot Bumiputera, Dato’ Wan Abu Bakar Wan Mohamed; wakil Kementerian Kewangan, Wan Ahmad Zukri Wan Zakaria; serta dua wakil daripada Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia iaitu Norhaliza Abdul Rahim dan Mahathir Zulkifli.

Selain daripada penyampaian sijil, majlis turut menyaksikan pemeteraian perjanjian antara Lembaga Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan Perhutanan Malaysia dengan syarikat-syarikat yang berjaya memperoleh pensijilan produk FRIM.

Nor Haliyan Tan [email protected]

1. Abdul Latif (kanan) menyampaikan cenderahati kepada Norhaliza (kiri) yang mewakili Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia

2. Wakil-wakil syarikat daripada Yusia Jaya, Mabita, Smart Victory dan Adunan Komersil yang menerima sijil

3. Nasser Mohd Yusof (dua dari kiri) daripada Smart Victory menerima sijil daripada Abdul Latif sambil diperhatikan oleh Wan Abu Bakar (tengah). Turut serta ialah Hafizah Mohammad (paling kiri), daripada Smart Victory dan Mohd Zamshari (paling kanan)

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Gambar: Yusni Idris


Book review

Author KT Yong, BC Tan, BC Ho, QY Ho & H Mohamed Series Research Pamphlet No 133Pages 152 ppISBN 978-967-5221-99-6 Publisher Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong Price RM60 / USD36

A REVISED MOSS CHECKLIST OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE

This work is a product of almost 25 years of bryological exploration and research in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore since the previous checklist (Mohamed and Tan 1988) came out in 1988. The area comprising Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore is home to 512 species of mosses, roughly comparable to 435 taxa reported from the Australian Wet Tropics (AVH 2014), with which it shares many taxa. This checklist contains the latest scientific information and was produced in order to provide government planners with the tools to properly manage this group of plants in a sustainable way and to guide conservation programmes in Malaysia and Singapore. It also serves as an important bibliographic reference for botanists in Malaysia and, because many moss species are widespread, in neighbouring countries.

The book contains synonymy for all species and infraspecific taxa, as well as state distributions and references to published reports. It also has notes on identifications that have changed and have led to taxa being excluded. In the front of the book is a map, which gives

Niels KlazengaRoyal Botanic Gardens Melbourne

This review was published in Australasian Systematic Botany Society Newsletter No. 158 (March 2014): 30 and Journal of Tropical Forest Science 26(3): 442–442 (2014)

ReferencesAVH. 2014. Australia’s Virtual Herbarium. Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria, http://avh.chah.org.au, (Accessed 11 Mar 2014)

Mohamed, MAH & Tan, BC. 1988. A Checklist of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. The Bryologist 91: 24–44

More on FRIM publications visit www.frim.gov.my and click on the tab ‘Publications’For purchase/enquiries contact [email protected]

the numbers of species and infraspecific taxa recorded from each state, and in the back are 11 pages with excellent photos of a selection of the moss taxa that are treated in the book and the habitats in which they occur, giving the reader a quick idea of the diversity—and beauty—of the group.

Some people might miss the protologue information, but I think it is a good decision to leave it out, especially given the intended larger audience. I would have liked to see a separate list of genera with classification. Also, while the family placement of the pleurocarpous mosses appears to adopt modern classification, I noticed that among the acrocarpous mosses, sometimes more traditional family circumscriptions were followed, for example the traditional Bryaceae and Dicranaceae. None of this, however, does anything to diminish the value of the work. It would be good for the information in the book to be available online as well, so I hope to see at some point an accompanying web application that can be kept up-to-date.

It is great to see that there are now quite a few local bryologists active in the Malesian region and I am hoping to see updated checklists for other parts of Malesia appear in the near future, maybe even one for the whole region.


Book review

TREE FLORA OF SABAH AND SARAWAK. VOLUME 8

Surprisingly (to many people) floras are also at the cutting edge of science, and the are a vital tool for conservation. They are at the cutting edge because we still do not know all the plants occurring in the high plant diversity areas of this World, the tropics; we do not know about all the interrelationships, and how to distinguish the many species from one another—and this is exactly what a good flora addresses. During the writing of the flora treatments new species are also discovered on a regular basis. Finally, the data produced for the floras give us information on the distribution and habitat of the various species, which is a vital tool for conservation: if you don’t know the distribution, you cannot assess either rarity of the species, and if you don’t know the habitat, you cannot assess the threats. Floras enable.

The Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak is a much-respected flora, established in the early 1990s and still going strong. This makes it a bit of a rarity for a tropical flora because many of these run out of steam after the initial funds have run out. This is due to the enthusiasm and dedication of the editors, and especially Dr Soepadmo, who has been involved

with the project from the very start. FRIM and the Forestry Departments of Sabah and Sarawak are to be congratulated with their continued support for this important project, which produces a regular output in the form of the volumes of the Flora.

An estimated 3,000 species of trees occur in Sabah and Sarawak (out of a total of maybe 10,000 vascular plants for the area), and this volume deals with 165 species in 32 genera, in the families Annonaceae, Buxaceae and Opiliaceae. As usual, the generic keys include lianas (that is, woody climbers and scandent shrubs) and such species are dealt with briefly. The introductions to the various families give notes on general distribution, ecology, uses and some general taxonomy.

The core of this volume, though, and the part that most users will concentrate on, is the taxonomic treatment: that is, the descriptions of the individual tree species, the keys that allow the user to distinguish these species from one another, and the notes with the descriptions; notes on distribution and ecology, as well as the synonymy and a bibliography of the most important publications that

Edited E Soepadmo Author LG Saw, RCK Chung & R Kiew Pages 248 ppISBN 978-967-0622-11-8Publisher Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), KepongPrice RM120 / USD72

Floras are often seen as old-fashioned, cumbersome, and a drain on resources. And they are all of these things: the basic format and purpose has not changed much over the last century; they are cumbersome by their nature, dealing with thousands of plant species; and because of their size they are usually multi-volume series, involving numerous authors, editors, illustrators, all basing themselves on hundreds of thousands of specimens, collected over many years and housed and curated in that other old-fashioned institute, the herbarium. All this, of course, is a long-term drain on institutional resources, and that is why flora projects are difficult to fund; which often results in flora projects running out of steam.


Book review

have dealt with these trees before. Notes on uses show that many of the species are used either as timber or in traditional medicine. At least one species per genus is illustrated with a full-page line drawing. At the end of the book there are another 10 plates of colour photographs, representing 28 species, including some spectacular photos of the cauliflorous Goniothalamus ridleyi.

Not all species have long lists of previous publications: 24 species of Annonaceae in this volume have only been described very recently. Such a high percentage of new species (almost 15 %) is caused by more than 50 % of the species in these families being endemic to Borneo! And such high levels of endemism show the use of this flora series for conservation, as well.

The Annonaceae have been written up by Ian Turner, with Mitrephora (10 species) co-authored by A Weerasoriya and R Saunders, and Popowia (4 species) written by S Ganesan. Molecular phylogenetic studies have contributed to an up-to-date taxonomy, with a redefinition of Polyalthia and four genera formerly included in that genus. Buxaceae was written by Avelinah Julius, and is represented by one species of Buxus, formerly only known from Palawan. Opiliaceae was written by Syahida Emiza, and has four widespread tree species in four genera.

Volume 1 of this great flora appeared in 1995, and the volumes have been appearing steadily and regularly ever since. The original plan was to publish a volume almost every year, covering the total of 3000 tree species in ten years; but as is usual with any flora, reality got in the way. As there does not seem to be an overview of published taxa anywhere, I have tabulated current volumes.

The true measure of a flora is how well it works: will users be able to identify the plants that are treated, and does the documentation provide the information the users look for? The Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak has an excellent record in this field. I believe volume 8 is up to the high standards of its predecessors: the bibliographies are exhaustive, the descriptions precise and detailed, the illustrations detailed and representative. The parts of the identification keys I have tested work well, due to clear contrasting couplets and unambiguous language. Though I would have liked to see a bit more on the altitude range of many species and possibly some notes on the rarity of species, overal this is all a user could wish for. The working life of a good flora is half a century or more, and I think this volume will stand the test of time.

HJ Beentje FLSHonorary Research AssociateHerbarium, Library, Art & ArchivesRoyal Botanic Gardens, KewRichmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK

Volume Published Number of families

Number of species New species Endemism (to Borneo)

Volume 1 1995 31 304 no data no data

Volume 2 1996 23 246 39 no data

Volume 3 2000 4 431 28 40% (10% hyper-endemic)

Volume 4 2002 4 321 45 no data

Volume 5 2004 4 373 7 57%

Volume 6 2007 4 180 22 40%

Volume 7 2011 3 313 58 53%

Volume 8 2014 3 165 24 55%

Total, so far: 76 families, 2333 species. All volumes are also available electronically, but are not interactive.

More on FRIM publications visit www.frim.gov.my and click on the tab ‘Publications’For purchase/enquiries contact [email protected]

and click on the tab ‘Publications’


20 Ogos 2014—Syarahan umum bertajuk “Palma Malaysia: Satria Alam Tumbuhan” yang disampaikan oleh saintis FRIM, Dr Saw Leng Guan, berjaya mendapat sambutan lebih daripada 150 peserta yang terdiri daripada para pelajar, penyelidik, ahli-ahli akademik, kakitangan perhutanan dan orang awam. Turut hadir ialah Dato’ Dr Abdul Latif Mohmod, Ketua Pengarah FRIM dan Tan Sri Dr Salleh Mohd Nor, mantan Ketua Pengarah FRIM.

Pembentangan ini adalah yang pertama dalam siri syarahan umum yang dianjurkan oleh FRIM bagi meningkatkan kesedaran

SYARAHAN UMUM TENTANG PALMA DI FRIMPublic Talk on Palm at FRIM

News article

orang ramai mengenai kepentingan penyelidikan dan pemuliharaan hutan melalui perkongsian pengetahuan, pengalaman dan penemuan saintifik.

Program anjuran bersama Akademi Sains Malaysia (ASM) di Auditorium FRIM, Kepong, adalah Kuliah Felo ASM pertama yang disampaikan oleh Saw, yang juga merupakan Felo ASM dan Pengarah Bahagian Biodiversiti Hutan FRIM.

Dalam syarahan selama satu jam tersebut, Saw, seorang pakar dalam penyelidikan palma, memperkenalkan pelbagai spesies palma di Malaysia, ciri-ciri unik, kepelbagaian spesies termasuk taburan geografi dan cabaran-cabaran pemuliharaan yang dihadapi.

Sumber: www.frim.gov.my (8 September 2014)

7 Julai 2014—FRIM yang merupakan salah satu destinasi eko-pelancongan terkenal di Malaysia dianugerahkan Sijil Kecemerlangan TripAdvisor 2014 hasil maklum balas yang cemerlang dan konsisten daripada pelancong yang menggunakan khidmat TripAdvisor.

Ketua Pengarah FRIM, Dato’ Dr Abdul Latif Mohmod mengucapkan terima kasih dan syabas kepada semua

TRIPADVISOR IKTIRAF FRIM SEBAGAI DESTINASI EKO-PELANCONGAN CEMERLANGTripAdvisor Recognises FRIM as Excellent Ecotourism Destination

kakitangan FRIM atas pencapaian ini. Beliau juga berharap warga FRIM akan terus prihatin dalam memastikan kawasan kampus sentiasa terjaga kebersihannya serta meneruskan sikap kerjasama dalam memartabatkan FRIM sebagai warisan semula jadi.

Tambah beliau, pelbagai penambahbaikan, aktiviti, kemudahan, perkhidmatan serta daya tarikan semula jadi di FRIM yang telah digazetkan sebagai Tapak Warisan Semula Jadi pada 2009 dan Warisan Kebangsaan pada 2012 membolehkannya menjadi tumpuan pelancong serta pencinta alam.

Abdul Latif menerima sijil kecemerlangan tersebut bagi pihak FRIM pada 27 Jun 2014 daripada Presiden (Perniagaan) TripAdvisor, Marc Charron.

FRIM juga disenaraikan sebagai salah satu daripada “Tujuh Keajaiban Eko-pelancongan di Malaysia” dalam sebuah artikel yang diterbitkan oleh The Star Online pada 5 Jun lalu. Turut terpilih dalam senarai tersebut ialah Taman Negara Gunung Mulu di Sarawak, Taman Negara Pulau Pinang di Teluk Bahang, Taman Negeri Royal Belum di Perak, Taman Negara dan Cameron Highlands di Pahang dan Pulau Perhentian di Terengganu.

Artikel tersebut boleh didapati di laman web The Star Online di http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/06/05/Environment-7-wonders-of-Malaysian-ecotourism/.

Sumber: www.frim.gov.my (8 September 2014)

Abdul Latif bersama sijil kecemerlangan FRIM yang diterima

daripada TripAdvisor

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