Timber Appearance Fit-Out Ideas & Approaches

Alastair Woodard

This presentation

• Wood Solutions program

• Applications – Internal & External

• Design Considerations – look

– features & texture

– colour

– species

– hardness

– durability

• 2013 Residential Winners

WoodSolutions™: Who we are

• inspiration

• information & resources

• CPD.

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initiative, resourced by Forest

and Wood Products Australia

(FWPA) –

For architects, engineers,

designers and other building

professionals

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Technical Design Guides – Internal Use

Technical Design Guides – External Use

Appearance Product Applications

Internal • Flooring (strip, overlay, parquetry)

• Lining / Panelling

• Windows

• Doors

• Stairs

• Balustrades

• Handrails

• Furniture

• Laminated posts

• Laminated bench tops

• Joinery

• Architraves

• Skirtings

• Mouldings

External • Decking

• External cladding

• Windows

• Doors

• Stairs

• Balustrades

• Handrails

• Furniture

• Laminated posts

• Screens

Flooring

Standard Wide Thin

Flooring

Heavily

Featured

Lightly

Featured

Mix Colour

Featured

Flooring

Mix Colour

Featured

Engineered flooring products

Internal Lining

Staircases, handrails & balustrades

Windows

Victorian Ash

Doors

Cabinetry

Cedar

Spotted Gum

Silvertop

Ironbark

External Cladding

Decking & Screens

Appearance Product Design Considerations

Internal • Look

• Colour

• Grain, texture, feature

• Species

• Hardness

• Environment

• Moisture content

• Finishing

• Maintenance

External • Look

• Colour

• Grain, texture, feature

• Species

• Hardness

• Environment

• Moisture content

• Finishing

• Maintenance

• Durability – natural & treated

• Bushfire requirements

Look

Back

sawn

Quarter

sawn

Select Feature

Feature & texture

Knots Squiggly Worm Pin Hole

Fiddle-back Burl Blackheart

(Sassafras)

Appearance grades: Sawn timber

• Australian hardwood - AS 2796

• select, medium feature, high feature

• Softwood - AS/NZS 4785

• clear, appearance, select, standard or utility

• Cypress Pine - AS 1810

• grade 1, grade 2

• Other appearance grades (e.g. “colonial”) OK

but meaningless unless accompanied by a description.

• Various American and Euro grades but generally premium and feature

Colours

Yellow Pinks

Browns Reds

Blonds

Black

Colour & Species

• Australian hardwoods

Yellows Pinks Browns Reds Blonds

Species - Victorian Ash

• Consists of two species Eucalyptus delegatensis (Alpine

Ash) and Eucalyptus regnans (Mountain Ash).

• Medium density hardwood, ranging in colour from pale

pink to straw.

• PEFC Certified Australian Hardwood.

Managed Native Forests - Victoria

Approx 12% available & suitable for harvest

Approx 88% not available or suitable for harvest

1% harvested annually & regrown

(0.15% of the total forest estate)

Australian Hardwood Species

• Victoria/Tasmania – Victorian Ash, Silvertop,

Messmate, Grey Gum, Manna Gum, Tassie Oak,

• NSW/Qld – Spotted Gum, Blackbutt, Ironbark,

Stringybarks, Red Gum, Turpentine

• WA – Jarrah, Karri

Imported Species - Hardwoods

• US

• Europe

• Pacific Black Walnut American

Cherry

Hard Maple

Cambia Ash White Oak White Ash Merbau

Thermally Modified Wood

Decay Resistant:

Thermally-modified wood no longer contains sufficient nutrients to support

insect infestation or fungal attack.

Increased Dimensional Stability:

Less susceptible to cupping and warping with changes in relative humidity.

Enhanced Appearance:

Process gives wood a rich chocolate colour that when

finished, highlights the natural beauty of the wood grain.

Timber Veneers - Applications

• Interior, low-wear and dry applications only (E.g. furniture, wall and ceiling linings)

• OK for kitchen/bathroom-vanity doors if properly ventilated and sealed (e.g. two-pack polyurethane)

• OK for low-wear dry horizontal applications such as board-room tables and desks

• Not suited for exterior use even if under an awning • Instead, use appropriate species of solid timber or

exterior (treated) plywood. • www.timberveneer.asn.au

Veneer cuts

• Crown cut

• Quarter cut

• Rotary cut

• Reconstructed veneers

Matching

Species hardness

• Janka rating – measures resistance to denting and wear

• The higher the number the harder the timber

Species hardness

Species Hardness

Very hard Hard Moderately Hard Soft

Janka rating >10 Janka rating 7-10 Janka rating 5.5-7 Janka rating <5.5

Blackbutt Australian Beech Alpine Ash Araucaria (hoop pine)

Brazilian Cherry Brushbox American White Oak Kauri

Forest Red Gum Jarrah Blackwood Radiata Pine

Grey Box Karri Cypress Rimu

Grey Ironbark Kempas European Ash Teak

Gympie Messmate Kwila/Merbau European Oak Western Yellow Pine

Jatoba Marri Hevea White Baltic

New England Blackbutt Northern Box Manna/Ribbon Gum

Red Ironbark River Red Gum Maple (Rock/Sugar)

Spotted Gum Rose/Flooded Gum Messmate

Turpentine Southern Blue Gum Mountain Ash

Wandoo Stringybark Myrtle

White Mahogany Sydney Blue Gum Shining Gum

Tallowwood Tasmanian Oak

Wormy Chestnut Victorian Ash

Yellow Stringybark

Moisture content

Appearance products

• Varies for each product but generally:

- Interior: not more than 14% and not less than 9%

- Exterior: not more than 18% and not less than 10%

Durability - External Use

Class 1 = 40 years above ground

Class 2 = 15 - 40 years above ground

Spotted Gum Ironbark Blackbutt Silvertop Pacific Teak Cedar Heat treated hardwood (New)

External Use - Durability

Heartwood Sapwood

External Use - Durability

Natural durability (Relates to heartwood only)

Natural durability

Class

Probable heartwood life expectancy (years) AS 5604

Inside above

ground

(Fully protected from

weather and

termites)

Outside above

ground In-ground contact

Class 1 Highly durable 50+ 40+ 25+

Class 2 Durable 50+ 15 to 40 15 to 25

Class 3 Moderately durable 50+ 7 to 15 5 to 15

Class 4 Non-durable 50+ 0 to 7 0 to 5

AS 5604 Timber – Natural Durability Ratings

Durability: In-ground

In-ground

Natural durability

class Species

Class 1 Ironbarks, Tallowwood, Turpentine, Belian

Class 2 Spotted Gum, Blackbutts, Cypress, River

Red Gum, Jarrah

Class 3

Brush Box, Sydney Blue Gum,

Rose/Flooded Gum, Western Red Cedar,

Keruing, Messmate, Karri, Stringybarks,

Silvertop Ash

Class 4

Radiata Pine, Hoop Pine, Slash Pine

Douglas Fir (Oregon), Tasmanian Oak,

Mountain & Alpine Ash / Vic ash, Meranti,

Baltic Pine, Unidentified timbers, Sapwood

of any species In-g

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Durability: Outside above-ground

Outside above-ground

Natural durability class Species

Class 1

Ironbarks, Tallowwood, Turpentine, Belian, Cypress,

River Red Gum, Spotted Gum, Blackbutt,

Kwila (Merbau)

Class 2

Rose Gum, Jarrah, Silvertop Ash, Western Red

Cedar, Sydney Blue Gum, Stringybarks, New

England Blackbutt,

Class 3

Brush Box, Rose/Flooded Gum, Keruing,

Messmate, Karri, Silver-topped Stringybark,

Mountain & Alpine Ash / Vic ash, Tasmanian Oak,

Kempas, American White Oak

Class 4

Radiata Pine, Hoop Pine, Slash Pine

Douglas Fir (Oregon), Meranti, Baltic Pine,

Unidentified timbers, Sapwood of any species

Preservative Treatment - Sapwood

• Extends the life of timbers against borers, termites and decay

• Sapwood has less natural resistance to insect attack and fungal decay than the heartwood of the same species

• Only the sapwood can effectively be treated

• Treating timber improves reliability and provides a calculable service life

Preservative treatment

Hazard Levels

• Select the level of treatment (H level) required to cope with the environment in which the timber will be used

• H level corresponds to the biological hazard and exposure to the environment

Treated pine

framing

Preservative treatment - Levels

AS 1604 Hazard Levels

HAZARD

LEVEL EXPOSURE

BIOLOGICAL

HAZARD TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

H1 Inside, above ground,

protected from wetting

Borers only Framing, furniture, flooring

H2 Inside, above ground,

protected from wetting

Borers and termites Framing, roof trusses, beams, interior battens, flooring

H3 Outside, above ground,

subject to moderate

wetting

Moderate fungal decay

and termites

Weatherboard, fascia, pergolas (above ground), window

joinery, decking boards, decking bearers & joists

H4 Outside, in-ground

subject to severe

wetting

Severe fungal decay,

borers and termites

Fence posts, greenhouses, pergolas (in ground) and

landscaping timbers e.g. garden walls, beds and edging

H5 Outside, in-ground and

contact with or in fresh

water, subject to

extreme wetting

Very severe decay,

borers and termites

Structural retaining walls, piling, house stumps, building

poles

H6 Marine waters,

immersed in sea water

Marine borers and decay Boat hulls, marine piles, jetty cross-bracing, landing

steps

Preservative treatment - Types

Types of preservatives

• Water-borne (CCA, ACQ, copper azole)

• Landscape, fencing, decking, framing, outdoor timber

• In-ground and above ground applications

• LOSP (light organic solvent preservatives)

• Joinery, handrails, framing

• Above ground applications only

• Envelope treatments (blue-pine framing)

• H2F framing south of tropic only

Preservative treatment - Types

Types of preservatives

• Oil-borne (creosote)

• Power poles, marine, vineyard sticks

• In-ground or in water use

• Supplementary brush/spray/dip (e.g. copper naphthenate)

• Glue-line

• LVL, plywood, particleboard flooring

• Hazard level H2S (south of Tropic of Capricorn only)

Appearance Product Design Considerations

Internal • Look

• Colour

• Grain, texture, feature

• Species

• Hardness

• Environment

• Moisture content

• Finishing

• Maintenance

External • Look

• Colour

• Grain, texture, feature

• Species

• Hardness

• Environment

• Moisture content

• Finishing

• Maintenance

• Durability – natural & treated

• Bushfire requirements

Australian Timber Design Awards Winners

2013

Winner 2013 Residential Class 1 New Buildings Australian Timber Design Awards

Project :: Shearer’s Quarters Architect :: John Wardle Architects Engineer :: Gandy & Roberts Location :: North Bruny Island, Tasmania

Internal lining: Pinus Macrocarpa

Floors: Recycled Yellow Stringybark

Project :: Shearer’s Quarters Architect :: John Wardle Architects

Winner 2013 Residential Class 1 New Buildings

The bedrooms are lined in recycled apple box crates

Project :: Lilyfield Warehouse Architect :: Virginia Kerridge Architect

Winner 2013 Residential Class 1 Best Renovation

Australian Timber Design Awards

Decks: Recycled Ironbark

Project :: Lilyfield Warehouse Architect :: Virginia Kerridge Architect

Floors: Recycled ironbark

Hoop Pine lining

Original Oregon trusses and lining

Project :: Balmain House Architect :: Fox Johnston Location :: Balmain NSW

Winner 2013 Interior Fit-out Residential

Australian Timber Design Awards

Lining: American White Oak

Project :: Balmain House Architect :: Fox Johnston Location :: Balmain NSW

Winner 2013 Interior Fit-out Residential

Australian Timber Design Awards

Project :: Jamberoo Farm House Architect :: Casey Brown Architecture Location :: Sydney NSW

Winner 2013 Recycled Timber

Australian Timber Design Awards

Winner 2013 Recycled Timber

Australian Timber Design Awards

Flooring & Lining: Roasted Blackbutt

Project :: Jamberoo Farm House

Recycled Ironbark posts & beams

Project :: Nunawading Residence Architect :: Maxa Design Location :: Nunawading Vic

Winner 2013 Small Budget Project

Australian Timber Design Awards

Project :: Nunawading Residence Architect :: Maxa Design Location :: Nunawading Vic

Winner 2013 Small Budget Project

Australian Timber Design Awards

Flooring : Tassie Oak

Deck: Merbau

Columns : Recycled hardwood floor joists

Overall Winner 2013

Project :: Forte at Victoria Harbour Architect :: Lend Lease Location :: Docklands, Melbourne

Winner 2013 Australian Timber Design Awards

Cross Laminated Timber - CLT

• Jumbo plywood structural panels (prefabricated floors, walls)

36

Project :: Forte at Victoria Harbour Architect :: Lend Lease Location :: Docklands, Melbourne

Winner 2013 Australian Timber Design Awards

WoodSolutions Technical Design Guides

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For architects, engineers, designers and other building professionals

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designers and other

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Wood Solutions – Technical Tutorials

12 Wood Solutions Technical Tutorials

Wood Products & Specification

Designing for Durability

Inspirational Projects

Wood Finishes and Coatings

Using Wood in Bushfire Prone Areas

Fire Safety and Performance of Wood in Multi-Residential and Commercial Buildings

Lightweight Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort

Maximising Green Star Points with Wood Products

Wood as a Resource

Wood and Sustainable Building

• How High Can Timber Go? – NEW

• Timber Structural Design for Commercial Construction (incl CLT)

Thank you Questions?

Group Discussion Future opportunities & issues in

residential timber construction