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NICMAR

COMAPRATIVE STYDY EVALUATION OF

PROBLEM IN INTERNATIONAL

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT CONDITIONS

By-

Ranjan Kumar-P81086

Utpal Ingle-P81115

Vikrant Desmukh-P81121

PGP PEM 8th Batch

(2012 - 2014

G!"#$# B%-

P&') D$*'+a, R'%

A Mini Thesis submitted in Academic Requirement for

the Post Graduate Programme in Project Engineering

and Management

(PGP PEM)



C!"PR"#IV$ %#&D& ' I(DI"( "(D I(#$R("#I(") C(#R"C#% (IC!"R

INTRODUCTION

C*nstru+ti*n In,ustr plas a ke r*le in the pr*+ess *. e+*n*mi+ trans.*rmati*n an,

gr*/th "s a matter *. .a+t +*nstru+ti*n a+tiit n*t *nl initiates 3ut gies m*mentum

t* *ther ke se+t*ral a+tiities su+h as agri+ulture p*/er transp*rtati*n in,ustr health

e,u+ati*n an, the like thus a+ting as a trigger me+hanism an, thr*ugh multiplier e..e+t it

+umulatiel lea,s t* a+hieement *. higher 4ualit *. li.e It per.*rms an imp*rtant

.un+ti*n as an integrating me+hanism .*r a large e+*n*mi+ a+tiit in /hi+h +urrentl

ne/ strategi+ initiaties hae 3een planne, .*r a spee, an, str*ng s*+ial an, in,ustrial

in.rastru+ture 3ase

In this /*rl, *. gl*3aliati*n an, in+rease in li3eraliati*n that has 3een a rapi,

rami.i+ati*n in the pr*je+t +*nstru+ti*n in,ustr Due t* theis gl*3aliati*n *rganiati*ns

are m*ing t*ear,s /aie arie, +hallenges ar*un, the gl*3e thi*s has in+rease,

,iersit an, managing *. ari*us ar*un, the pr*je+t an, ari*us sta+kh*l,ers +*nne+te,

the pr*je+t #hese stake h*l,ers pla an imp*rtant r*le ,uring the ten,ering 3i,,ing

+*ntra+ting ans ee+uti*n stagei n this pr*+ess the *rganiati*n +apa3ilities an, sie

plas an imp*rtant r*le .*r su++ess.ul +*mpleti*n *. the pr*je+ts

%in+e the *rganiati*n in t*,as /*rl,

ee+uti*n #his has assume, heightene, signi.i+an+e espe+iall in the present +*ntet *.

li3eraliati*n an, gl*3aliati*n 7ith m*,ern an, s*phisti+ate, te+hn*l*g +*uple, /ithtra,iti*nal ar+hite+tural stles In,ian +*mpanies engage, in *erseas +*nstru+ti*n

pr*je+ts hae a+4uire, a,e4uate epertise an, +apa3ilities in the engineering an,

+*nstru+ti*n *. ari*us pr*je+ts an, stru+tures like high rise 3uil,ings resi,ential

+*mplees high/as r*a,s 3ri,ges airp*rts har3*rs earthen an, r*+k .ill ,ams

tunnels multipurp*se irrigati*n pr*je+ts /ater suppl rail/as an, *ther tpes *.

in.rastru+ture .a+ilities

"++*r,ing t* Pr*je+t $p*rt Pr*m*ti*n C*un+il *. In,ia ep*rt *. engineering g**,s *n

,e.erre, pament terms an, ee+uti*n *. turnke pr*je+ts an, +iil +*nstru+ti*n +*ntra+ts

a3r*a, are +*lle+tiel re.erre, t* as Pr*je+t $p*rts #he nature *. Pr*je+t $p*rts 3eing un,ertaken in sense re.le+ts the te+hn*l*gi+al maturit an, in,ustrial +apa3ilities

*. a +*untr ep*rts *. pr*je+ts an, seri+es +an 3e 3r*a,l +ateg*rie, int* 9i: +iil

+*nstru+ti*n Pr*je+ts 9ii: turnke pr*je+ts 9iii: +*nsultan+ seri+es an, 9i:supplies

primaril 3 /a *. +apital g**,s an, in,ustrial manu.a+tures

2




In,ian Pr*je+t $p*rters hae ee+ute, a ariet *. pr*je+ts in ,ierse markets *erseas

%atis.a+t*r per.*rman+e in terms *. +*st e..e+tieness appli+ati*n *. te+hni+al epertise

an, timel ,elier *. 4ualit pr*,u+ts an, seri+es has earne, pr*je+t ep*rters .r*m

In,ia a .air ,egree *. g**,/ill an, stan,ing

Pr*je+t $p*rts .r*m In,ia +*mmen+e, /ith a m*,est 3eginning in the late 1;<0s %in+ethen pr*je+t ep*rts hae e*le, *er the ears /ith In,ian +*mpanies ,em*nstrating

+apa3ilities an, epertise spanning a /i,e range *. se+t*rs #he nature *. Pr*je+t $p*rts

3eing un,ertaken re.le+ts the te+hn*l*gi+al maturit an, in,ustrial +apa3ilities in the

+*untr

3




1) OB.ECTIVE OF STUDY

#he *erall *3je+tie *. the stu, is t* eamine the ,i..erent +lauses *. +*ntra+t an, its

e..e+t *n the internati*nal +*nstru+ti*n pr*je+ts an, suggest meth*, *. impr*ing the

+*ntra+ting +lauses

In parti+ular the stu, analses .*r +*ntra+ts in +*ntet *.=

I #ime *errun +lauses

II 'a+t*rs a..e+ting the es+alati*n +lause in a +*ntra+t

Ill Un pri,e+te, situati*ns +lauses

IV $..e+t *. e+hange rate

V )i4ui,it ,amages

VI C*mpensati*n ,ue t* unilateral terminati*n

OUTLINE OF PROPOSED /OR

/AT /E AVE DONE IN TIS CASE STUDY

METODOLOGY

#he stu, is primaril 3ase, *n se+*n,ar ,ata #he se+*n,ar ,ata has 3een +*lle+te,

.r*m ari*us s*ur+es like internet 3**ks *n Internati*nal +*ntra+ting an, 'IDIC

gui,elines

LITRATURE REVIE/

4




TE COMPANY

#he Punja3 Chemi-Plants )t, PCP is a Chan,igarh 3ase, C*mpan It /as

in+*rp*rate, in 1;6; as a pu3li+ limite, +*mpan in the j*int se+t*r /ith the Punja3%tate In,ustrial Deel*pment C*rp*rati*n - P%IDC #he pai, up +apital *. PCP is Rs

<5 milli*n In a,,iti*n Rs 2 milli*n /ere +*ntri3ute, 3 P%IDC in the .*rm *.20000

re,eema3le +umulatie pre.eren+e shares *.Rs 100 ea+h It is a tightl hel, .amil

+*ntr*lle, C*mpan

PCP /as set up primaril .*r un,ertaking +*ntra+ts .*r ere+ti*n *. p*/er plants an,

+hemi+al manu.a+turing units It 3e+ame a market lea,er in the area *. its spe+ialisati*n

an, ee+ute, <0 pr*je+ts until 1;8> #he annual turn*er als* r*se .r*m Rs 1; milli*n

initiall t* *er Rs 500 milli*n in 1;8> an, t* Rs -?;> milli*ns in 1;;> It entere, the

pr*je+t ep*rt 3usiness in mi, seenties as a su3-+*ntra+t*r t* an*ther In,ian C*mpan

- $ngineering Pr*je+ts In,ia )t, /h* /ere the prime +*ntra+t*rs *. a pr*je+t in Ku/ait

)ater +iil +*nstru+ti*n 3e+ame its main line 3usiness an, it has 3een *perating m*stl

in the @ul. markets It als* takes up +*ntra+ts in the .iel, *. me+hani+al +*nstru+ti*n

maintenan+e an, *perati*ns an, turnke j*3s #he C*mpan enj*s a g**, market

reputati*n .*r its te+hni+al +*mpeten+ in pr*je+t ee+uti*n

#he C*mpan /as .*un,e, 3 a te+hni+al entrepreneur !r A% !ejie /h* +*ntinues

t* 3e its Chairman an, !anaging Dire+t*r #he .*un,er is a Chartere,

$ngineer /h* earne, t/* !#e+h ,egrees *ne .r*m an In,ian an, an*ther .r*m an

"meri+an Uniersit Pri*r t* entering the +*ntra+ting 3usiness he /as an a+a,emi+ian

empl*e, at the Uniersit *.R**rkee an, later /ith the @uru (anak $ngineering

C*llege )u,hiana Ae /as a mem3er *. the B*ar, *. @*ern*rs *. the In,ian Institute

*. #e+hn*l*g Delhi an, is a .*un,er mem3er *. (IC!"R

TE CONSORTIUM

TR PRO.ECT

CAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

5




#he Punja3 Cherni Plants )t, 9PCP: in +*ns*rtium /ith the Ain,ustan %teel 7*rks

C*nstru+ti*n )t, 9A%C): /ere a/ar,e, a +*ntra+t .*r the +*nstru+ti*n *. 226; ,/elling

h*uses 2< an+illar 3uil,ingsC ne+essar in.ra-stru+ture at > sites ar*un, the +it *.

Basrah #he +lients /ere the %tate rganiati*n *. Ira4i P*rts 9%IP: Basrah !inistr *.

#ransp*rt C C*mmuni+ati*ns Repu3li+ *. Ira4 9later @$IP: #he +*ntra+t .*r the

Basrah A*using Pr*je+t 9BAP: /as a/ar,e, *n une ; 1;80 at the *riginal alue *.

>1585 milli*n Ira4i Dinars 9ID: e4uialents t* 15;68 milli*n In,ian Rupees at the

preailing e+hange rate at that time #he pr*je+t /as t* 3e starte, /ithin E0 ,as *. the

a/ar, *. the +*ntra+t an, +*mplete, /ithin E6 m*nths #herea.ter it /*ul, attra+t a

penalt *. D 10000 per ,a *. ,ela su3je+t t* 10 per+ent *. the +*ntra+t alue

#he pr*je+t ee+uti*n /*rk starte, *n ul 8 1;80 #he /ar 3et/een Ira4 an, Iran

3r*ke *ut *n %eptem3er 22 an, ,ragge, *n till 1;88 an, /as .*ll*/e, 3 Ira4 Ku/ait

/ar t/* ears later #he pr*je+t /as in the /ar *ne It /ent thr*ugh seeral

n-*.. spells 3reaking up *. the +*ns*rtium +*ntinuing .inan+ial +risis .*reign

e+hange sh*rtages .*ur la3*r strikes an, /as alm*st a3an,*ne, at *ne stage

It /as eentuall +*mplete, 3 PCP an, han,e, *er t* the +lient in !ar+h 1;;>

er the ears the s+*pe *. the pr*je+t g*t re,u+e, t* E sites 1881 h*uses 21

an+illar 3uil,ings an, *nl a part *. the *riginal in.rastru+tural seri+es #he pr*je+t

laste, *er 1E ears *. /hi+h the /*rking peri*, aaila3le t* the +*ntra+t*r /as 52

m*nths *nl #he /*rk remaine, suspen,e, ,uring the remaining peri*,

CONSTRUCTION PLANNING

#he +*nstru+ti*n plan /as 3ase, *n the .*ll*/ing +*nsi,erati*ns=

1 "ll +*nstru+ti*n /*rk /*ul, 3e ,*ne ,epartmentall an, n* su3-6




+*ntra+t*rs /ere t* 3e empl*e, e+ept .*r air +*n,iti*ning an,

internal ele+tri.i+ati*n /*rk

2 Pre-+ast panels mem3ers an, +*mp*nents /*ul, 3e use, in

+*nstru+ti*n *. stru+tures #he pre-+asting /*ul, 3e ,*ne using

Mis) ( te+hn*l*g at pre-+ast .a+t*r set up at Um-Fasar

E "n+illar 3uil,ings /*ul, 3e +*nstru+te, /ith +ast in %I#U

+*lumns an, 3eams an, pre-+ast r**.sla3s 7alls /*ul, 3e

ma,e *. h*ll*/ +*n+rete 3l*+k mas*nr plastere, *n the

insi,e

0 >0 #here /*ul, 3e phasing *. +*nstru+ti*n a+tiities an, se4uen+e

*. *perati*ns /*ul, 3e s* planne, as t* keep the peak

re4uirement *. la3*ur t* the *ptimal minimum

5 A*using +*nstru+ti*n /*ul, 3e starte, at t/* sites

+*n+urrentl namel Urn-Fasar an, !a4al Kh*r-"I-Gu3air9K"G: /*ul, 3e taken up as the /*rk *. .*un,ati*ns starte, at

Um-Fasar an, !a4al

60 7*rk *n the +*nstru+ti*n *. in.rastru+ture /as t* 3e

phase, in su+h a manner that there /as n* a+tual inter.eren+e *.

in.rastru+ture /*rk /ith 3uil,ing +*nstru+ti*n /*rk

< C*nstru+ti*n *. an+illar 3uil,ings /*ul, 3e taken up last at ea+h site

7




8




9




10




1)2 NEED FOR CONSTRUCTION PRO.ECT E3PORTS

@l*3aliati*n has 3e+*me the +at+h/*r, in the $merging +*n.igurati*ns *. nati*nal

e+*n*mies as it +reates in+rease inter,epen,en+e an, inter+*nne+te,ness *. nati*nal

e+*n*mies thus resulting in the er*si*n *. a nati*ns aut*n*m It 3rings a3*ut

multipli+it *. linkages an, inter+*nne+ti*ns 3et/een states s*+ieties an, +*rp*rate

entities It en+*mpasses the pr*+esses 3 /hi+h eentsH ,e+isi*ns an, a+tiities in *ne part *. the /*rl, +*me t* hae signi.i+ant +*nse4uen+es .*r +*mmunities +*rp*rates an,

in,ii,uals in 4uite ,istant parts *. the gl*3e

7hat /*ul, *ne p*stulate t* 3e the *ut+*me *. gl*3aliati*n

!*st imp*rtant am*ng them are=

9i: "++elerati*n *. te+hn*l*gi+al +hange

9ii: $p*rting pr*,u+ts an, seri+es

9iii: (e/ partners in ,istant markets

9i: )i+ensing laun+hing *r 3uing .*reign su3si,iaries

9: $sta3lishing j*int entures

!aj*r impli+ati*ns *. gl*3aliati*n *n nati*nal e+*n*mi+ p*li+ies are

11




9i: Rel*+ati*n *. /*rkers

9ii: Changes in immigrati*n p*li+ies

9iii: #e+hn*l*gi+al e+hange

9i: %tan,ar,iati*n *. la3*ur pra+ti+es

#he .inal +*nstru+ti*n pr*,u+ts are imm*3ile A*/eer the inputs use, 3 +*nstru+ti*n

in,ustr are highl m*3ile C*nstru+ti*n materials an, seri+es pr*i,e, 3 ar+hite+tural

+*nsulting +*ntra+ting an, +*nstru+ti*n management .irms are m*3ile a+r*ss regi*ns an,

nati*nal 3*un,aries 3ut su3je+t t* +ertain nati*nal p*li+ies like

• Pr*+urement la/s

• Immigrati*n rules

• "++re,itati*n *. pr*.essi*nals

• Di..eren+e in the la/s an, l*+al p*li+ies

Ineita3l there is +r*ss 3*r,er m*ement *. sp*ns*rs an, +*ntra+t*rs an, man p*/er

#he saturate, +*nstru+ti*n market in the in,ustrialie, /*rl, persua,e, maj*r +*ntra+t*rs

.r*m that regi*n t* pursue gl*3aliati*n in *r,er t* sustain *r epan, their *lume *.

*perati*n In .a+t man lea,ing +*nta+t*rs in the /est earn su3stantial reenue .r*m

*erseas *perati*ns n*ta3l .r*m the ,eel*ping /*rl,

"n analsis *. last t/* ,e+a,es *. In,ian +*mpanies han,ling the pr*je+t *erseas sh*/

su++ess.ul an, +*mpetitie +*mpleti*n *. pr*je+ts /ith +*n,u+ie an, h*stile +*n,iti*ns

In these pr*je+ts the analsis *. #en,er Bi,,ing an, the C*ntra+ts a.ter the a/ar, plas

an imp*rtant r*le in its su++ess.ul +*mpleti*n #hus the stu, .*+uses *n the ,i..erent

aspe+ts *. In,ian an, internati*nal +*ntra+ts /here an In,ian +*ntra+t*r g*es .*r

internati*nal +*ntra+t /ith *r /ith*ut +*ns*rtium .*r an pr*je+t

12




1) COMPLE3ITIES OF INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTING

(A5 D"5t"6ct F&', ',$ C'!6t&% C'6t&act"67

I L'cat"'6 aa% &', th$ h',$ c'!6t&%

a: (e/ +*untr ne/ +ulture ne/ $nir*nment

3: (e/ %stems Pr*+e,ures Regulati*ns )a/s

+: C*mmuni+ati*n pr*3lems -Delas C*sts

,: )*/ .re4uen+ *. pers*nal +*nta+ts 3 AF *..i+e /ith .iel, units Clients

e: In*lement *. thir, +*untr suppliers imp*rt *. materials $4uipment

.: !arine #ransp*rtati*n P*rt Cust*m Regulati*ns

g: )*+al #hir, +*untr en,ers %u3-+*ntra+t*rs

h: #hir, C*untr C*nsultants

i: Internati*nal Banking pr*3lems

j: Un,erstan,ing multiple +urren+ issues C*nersi*n Re-+*nersi*n ,ealuati*n et+

k: Risks-P*liti+al )a/ *r,er Paments et+

I: (e/ te+hn*l*g %tan,ar,s %pe+ts 4ualit %stems Pr*+e,ures meth*,s an, a

,is+ipline, enir*nment

13




m: A*me +*untr RBIJ'$!" Restri+ti*ns

II /h$&$ "99 %'! 7$t a#:a6c$ ; T",$9% "6'&,at"'6 '6 +&'<$ct5

a: '*reign $m3assies in *ur +*untr

3: In,ian $m3assies *erseas

+: 7B "DB "'DB Pu3li+ati*ns

,: In,ian '*reign magaines

e: Internet ////*rl,3ank*rg

!*nthl perati*nal %ummar

C*ntra+ts "/ar,e,

)ink t* Deel*pment Business

)ink t* L,g-marketL

.: Deel*pment Business

g: LD@ - !arketM-///,grnarket+*m

III ' "99 %'! 5$9$ct th$ c'!6t&"$5 ; P&'<$ct5

a: C*untries haing g**, p*liti+al relati*ns /ith In,ia

3: $C@C Classi.i+ati*n-a 3 + , e +re,it/*rth

+: )a/ *r,er situati*n

,: %uita3ilit .*r *ur +*re +*mpete

IV /hat "99 %'! 9''= '& "6 P&$->!a9""cat"'6 D'c!,$6t5

a: Pr*je+t 'inan+e, 3 )*+al @*tJ'in Instituti*n

3: Pri+e Pre.eren+e C*n,iti*ns

+: V Criteria Fuali.i+ati*ns

,: Resp*nsie C*mpling D*+umentati*n

14




V I6t$&6at"'6a9 R$5'!&c$5 A55$55,$6t5 ; Ma6a7$,$6t

a: $ngineering-Designs #e+hn*l*g

3: !aterials $4uipments

+: !anp*/er-A*me +*untr l*+al #hir, +*untr

,: 'inan+ial-)*+al Banking A*me +*untr #hir, +*untr

e: C*sting Cash 'l*/-#hree +urren+ies 9min: 9l*+al U% N Re:

VI 6'9$#7$ ' h',$ c'!6t&% R$5t&"ct"'65 ; Fac"9"t"$5 a:a"9a*9$

a: RBI '$!" CP$(P%"

3: $OI! Bank C*-*r,inati*n

+: $C@C-P*liti+al risk C*untr +lassi.i+ati*n,: CCIJCP$-"ss*+iati*n Registrati*n

e: $p*rt Bene.its

VII 6'9$#7$ ' #'"67 *!5"6$55 "6 th$ c'!6t&%

a: )*+al Rules Regulati*ns Restri+ti*ns

3: Banking Curren+ 'lu+tuati*n

+: Curren+ +*nersi*n Re-+*nersi*n

,: Repatriati*n ln.lati*n

e: Imp*rt ,uties-Perm temp Imp*rts

.: C*mpan In,ii,ual taati*n

g: )*+al )a/s Regulati*ns-)a3*ur

h: %u3-+*ntra+ting regulati*ns

i: )*+al #e+hn*l*g

j: %tan,ar,s *. a++eptan+e *. /*rks

15




k: )*+al )anguage $nir*nment

I: C*mpeten+e *. l*+al +*ntra+t*rs

m: C*mpeten+e *utput *. l*+al la3*r

VIII I6t$&6at"'6a9 Sta6#a&#5 ' C'65t&!ct"'6

a: Internati*nal #e+hn*l*g

3: !eth*,*l*g *. /*rking

+: %pe+ial materials %pe+i.i+ati*ns

,: F"JFC %tan,ar,s $n.*r+ements

e: !eth*, statement D*+umentati*n

.: $nir*nmental restri+ti*ns *n /*rking

g: %a.et stan,ar,s pr*+e,ures

I3 BID C'5t"67 a6# S!*,"55"'6

a: Pr*.essi*nal meth*, *. +*sting %u3missi*n

3: #hree Curren+ +ash tl*/ analsis

+: Presentati*n *. 3i, t* internati*nal %tan,ar,s

3 R"5=5 A55$55,$6t

a: P*liti+al

3: Pament *. *n a++*unt 3ills

+: %uspensi*n *. /*rks

,: Curren+ ,ealuati*n

e: %h*rt.all in .un,ing

16




.: Delae, ,e+isi*ns

g: Dela in appr*al *. ,ra/ings

h: !arine transp*rtati*n risks

i: %uppliers risks

j: $s+alati*ns

k: C*nersi*n re-+*nersi*n risks

I: Penalties

m: Claims "r3itrati*n Risks

17




CAPTER

OPPORTUNITIES TO INDIAN BIDDERS

1 INTRODUCTION

Re+ent tren,s in,i+ate an in+reasing .*+us an, .un,ing *. pr*je+ts in the s*+ial se+t*r an,

p*ert re,u+ti*n pr*grammes #hese pr*je+ts represent a siea3le an, pr*mising

3usiness *pp*rtunit .*r In,ian pr*je+t ep*rters in areas /here the p*ssess signi.i+ant

+*mpetitie a,antage an, ,*main epertise /hile simultane*usl mini mii ng the risk

*. n*n-pament Pr*je+ts in the ,eel*pmental .iel, +*n,u+te, 3 ,eel*ping nati*ns are

th*se /here the leel *. te+hn*l*g is high /ith ,i..i+ult *perating +*n,iti*ns an, the

skills an, epertise re4uire, t* ee+ute su+h pr*je+ts are /ell /ithin the +apa3ilities *.

In,ian pr*je+t ep*rters "t the same time the .a+t that .un,ing is 3eing pr*i,e, 3

!'"s *..ers str*ng pament assuran+e A*/eer the leel an, etent *. +*mpetiti*n

are mu+h higher as man .irms .r*m ,eel*pe, +*untries pre.er t* parti+ipate in these

pr*je+t *pp*rtunities

2 BU%I($%% 7I#A !IDD)$ $"%# "'RIC"( CU(#RI$%=

erie/= +*nstru+ti*n is the m*ther *. all ,eel*pment a+tiities an, there.*re perhaps

it +arries maimum imp*rtan+e in the entire +*mpleit *. e+*n*mi+ a+tiities #hus it

ma n*t 3e an eaggerati*n i. *ne sas that .*r e+*n*mi+ +*rp*rati*n 3et/een t/*

+*untries +**perati*n in the .iel, *. +*nstru+ti*n is a prere4uisite

*untries *. "sia !i,,le $ast an, %*uth ".ri+a +*er /i, ariet *. enir*nmental

m,iti+ns #his range .r*m m*untains an, hill regi*ns t* /i,e .lat re+essie plains

+trerne rain areas as /ell as +*astal regi*ns an, islan,s surr*un,e, 3 sea #he imate

18




als* aries .r*m *ne *. etremes t* m*re temperate +*n,iti*ns )*+all aila3le

materials +*er a /i,e range in ea+h *. these +*untries #he +*untries *. lese regi*ns

a,*pt ,i..erent +*,e *. pra+ti+es stan,ar,s an, ,ierse +*nstru+ti*n rtiities /ith ariet

*. l*+al material "n, thr*ugh this l*+al +anas a ri+h tra,iti*n . rituals an, li.estles

/eae their */n patterns But in all these +*untries there is a rang +*mm*n threa, *. ast

e+*n*mi+ ,isparities an, als* italit *. .*lk tra,iti*ns eeking epressi*ns

21 #he !i,,le $ast=

:ur attitu,e t*/ar,s the !i,,le $ast an, "ra3s has +hange, sin+e the 3eginning *. ;<0s

7hen the *il pri+e epl*si*n turne, this ari, an, largel empt lan, int* the +hest market

in the /*rl, "t *ne time the aerage mans +*nsent *. !i,,le $ast /as ne *. the en,less

,esert +amels *ases mirages an, 3ell ,an+es

imes +hange t*,a the !i,,le $ast stan,s .*r *il (* l*nger hae the "ra3s sat stri,e his

+amel Instea, he l*unges in the 3a+k *. his +ust*m 3uilt r*lls its an aggerati*n *.+*urse 3ut it seres t* emphasis h*/ *ur mental pi+ture at the mi,,le sst in Iran %au,i

"ra3ia Ku/ait U"$ $gpt an, %u,an

uher markets su+h as Fatar man an, Bahrain are use.ul 3ut n*t parti+ularl large

rarkets su+h as )i3a an, Ira4 ma 3e large 3ut ,ue t* p*liti+al pr*3lems are resentl *.

s*me/hat limite, alue alth*ugh situati*n in )i3a seems t* 3e ianging .*r the 3etter

lul. has er small p*pulati*n /hi+h +*ul, n*t p*ssi3l sustain the +*nstru+ti*n

r*grarnme, in,e.inite 7ith the in+rease, kn*/le,ge in the .iel, *. epl*rati*n *.

C*untries *. "sia !i,,le $ast an, %*uth ".ri+a +*er /i,e ariet *. enir*nmental

+*n,iti*ns #his range .r*m m*untains an, hill regi*ns t* /i,e .lat re+essie plains

etreme rain areas as /ell as +*astal regi*ns an, islan,s surr*un,e, 3 sea #he +limate

als* aries .r*m *ne *. etremes t* m*re temperate +*n,iti*ns )*+all aaila3le

materials +*er a /i,e range in ea+h *. these +*untries #he +*untries *. these regi*ns

a,*pt ,i..erent +*,e *. pra+ti+es stan,ar,s an, ,ierse +*nstru+ti*n a+tiities /ith

ariet *. l*+al material "n, thr*ugh this l*+al +anas a ri+h tra,iti*n *. rituals an,

li.estles /eae their */n patterns But in all these +*untries there is a str*ng +*mm*n

threa, *. ast e+*n*mi+ ,isparities an, als* italit *. .*lk tra,iti*ns seeking

epressi*ns

E21 #he !i,,le $ast=

19




ur attitu,e t*/ar,s the !i,,le $ast an, "ra3s has +hange, sin+e the 3eginning *.

1;<0s 7hen the *i I pri+e epl*si*n turne, this ari, an, largel empt lan, int* the

ri+hest market in the /*rl, "t *ne time the aerage mans +*nsent *. !i,,le $ast /as

*ne *. the en,less ,esert +amels *ases mirages an, 3ell ,an+es

#imes +hange t*,a the !i,,le $ast stan,s .*r *il (* l*nger hae the "ra3s sat astri,ehis +amel Instea, he l*unges in the 3a+k *. his +ust*m 3uilt r*lls its an eaggerati*n *.

+*urse 3ut it seres t* emphasis h*/ *ur mental pi+ture at the mi,,le east in Iran %au,i

"ra3ia Ku/ait U"$ $gpt an, %u,an

ther markets su+h as Fatar man an, Bahrain are use.ul 3ut n*t parti+ularl large

markets su+h as )i3a an, Ira4 ma 3e large 3ut ,ue t* p*liti+al pr*3lems are presentl

*. s*me/hat limite, alue alth*ugh situati*n in )i3a seems t* 3e +hanging .*r the

3etter

@ul. has er small p*pulati*n /hi+h +*ul, n*t p*ssi3l sustain the +*nstru+ti*n pr*gramme, in,e.inite 7ith the in+rease, kn*/le,ge in the .iel, *. epl*rati*n *.

*il an, gas 3*th *n lan, an, *..sh*re an, large p**l *. traine, manp*/er In,ia +an

3e+*me p*tential 3i,,er .*r !i,,le $ast market

E22 7estern an, %*uthern ".ri+a=

#here is er str*ng ei,en+e t* suggest that the *il 3elt /hi+h trans.*rme, (igeria/ithin a ,e+a,e .r*m *ne *. the p**rest nati*ns in the /*rl, int* the e+*n*mi+ p*/er *.

".ri+a ma etent right ar*un, the gul. *. guinea an, that the .iel,s s* .ar ,is+*ere, are

*nl a tin .ra+ti*n *. the t*tal reseres #his ie/ /as en,*rse, in the /*rl, 3ank rep*rt

*n gl*3al *il reseres /hi+h single, *ut the /estern +*ast *. ".ri+a .r*m %enegal t* as

.ar s*uth as (ami3ia as a parti+ularl pr*mising area *. epl*rati*n #he +*untries in this

regi*n apart .r*m (igeria an, @hana I*r C*ast )i3eria %ierra )e*ne an, %enegal

Clearl the ,is+*er *. large 4uantities *. *il /*ul, trans.*rm the e+*n*m *. the

regi*n #his +*ul, make /est ".ri+a the great +*nstru+ti*n gr*/th market It there.*re

3e+*mes an area *. the /*rl, /ell /*rth inestigating %*uthern ".ri+a +*nsists *. %*uth".ri+a )es*th* %/ailan, transkei "ng*la B*ts/ana !*am3i4ue an, Gam3ia

%*me *. the +*untries in regi*n are p*liti+all n*t er sta3le 'r*m purel +*mmer+ial

p*int *. ie/ the +ase .*r inesting in the tra,ing /ith %*uth ".ri+a is etremel str*ng

#his is p*liti+all 4uite sta3le n*/ Despite un,*u3te, pr*3lems in *ther still ,eel*ping

+*untries in the regi*n there are plent *. *pp*rtunities %* the regi*n sh*ul, n*t 3e l*st

sight *. /hile .iing up pri*rities

20




Q2E "sia=

#here are t/* imp*rtant +*ngl*merates in "sia *ne i " "( an, the ther *ne is %"SRC

E2E1 "ss*+iati*n *. s*uth $ast "sian nati*ns 9"%$"(:=

#he "ss*+iati*n *. s*uth $ast "sian nati*ns 9"%$"(: is #hailan, Philippines

!alasia %ingap*re an, In,*nesia C*lle+tiel the make *ne *. the greatest gr*/th

market in the /*rl, It is a market that has er nearl eer thingH a large p*pulati*n

ast material an, ra/ material /ealth limitless gr*/th *. ,eel*pment in all these

+*untries e,u+ati*n stan,ar,s are generall er g**, an, in the +ase *. %ingap*reans it

is e+ellent 3eing as g**, as an, p*ssi3l 3etter than th*se in an ,eel*pe, +*untries

in the /est !*st +*nenient thing is that the 3asi+ ,ipl*mati+ language the ehi+le *.in.*rmati*n .l*/ *. "%$"( is $nglish

E2E2 %""RC=

%""RC gr*up *. nati*ns is the +l*sest t* us ge*graphi+all an, in num3er *. +ases

+ulturall an, ethni+all %""RC +*nsist *. seen s*uth "sian +*untries Bangla,esh

Bhutan In,ia !al,ies (epal an, Pakistan an, %hri )anka

)et us g* thr*ugh the thrust areas 3ase, *n nee,s in s*me *. these +*untries %tarting

/ith *ur nearest neigh3*r Bangla,esh a +*untr +ame int* eisten+e a3*ut three ,e+a,es

ag*

Rural h*using has a+4uire, a ne/ signi.i+an+e in Bangla,esh sin+e its in,epen,en+e "

ne/ ,imensi*n t* rural stru+ture has 3een gien 3 eperien+e *. the ++l*ne *. 1;;1

/hi+h hit the s*uthern 3elt *. the +*untr #he eperien+e has le, ge*graphers an,

planners t* +*nsi,er the 3uil,ing *. stru+ture that are p*pularl kn*/n as ,isaster

h*using 7h* +an .*rget the ,eastati*n +ause, 3 ris a + l*ne #he t/* +*untries +anshare kn*/-h*/ an, ren,er +**perati*n in this .iel, in a 3ig /a

%ituate, in /estern Aimalaas Bhutan its esta3lishe, an, gr*/th *. ur3an settlements

has 3een a er re+ent phen*men*n 7ith Unite, (ati*ns assistan+e nati*nal ur3an

,eel*pment +**perati*n /as esta3lishe, an, stru+ture plans t* gui,e the ,eel*pment

*.#himpu an, Pluntsh*ling +ities /ere prepare, U( assistan+e als* helpe, t* ,eel*p

21




pr*t*tpe m*,el h*uses .*r rural areas in+*rp*rating 3asi+ sanitar .eatures as /ell as

s*lar /ater heating an, impr*e, +*nstru+ti*n ,etails Bhutan an, In,ia are s* +l*sel

linke, that 3*th +an 3ene.it 3 e+hange *. tra,iti*nal Bhutanese ar+hite+tural an, ,esign

*. seismi+all s*un, stru+tures

)an, sh*rtage is *ne *. the m*st a+ute pr*3lems .a+ing the !al,ies t*,a 7ith p*pulati*n gr*/th at E5 an, high rate *. ur3an migrati*n the +*untries main ur3an

+enter !ale n*/ has >50 pe*ple per he+tare #he *rigin *. t*urism is m*re in !al,ies

/as in great part ,ue t* .e/ l*+al in,ii,uals #he nee, t* e+*n*mie here meant l*+al

materials in,igen*us 3uil,ing te+hni4ues an, the +a,jan ar+hite+ture +hara+teristi+s *.

mal,iian t*urist res*rt

(epal is sprea, *ut length/ise 3et/een n*rthern UP an, 7est Bengal Katman,u is the

largest an, *er+r*/,e, *nl ur3an metr*p*lis Aighest m*untains in the n*rth an,

.ertile plains in s*uth make the t*p*graph *. (epal A*using +*nstru+ti*n in (epal has

3een the ,*main *. */n 3uil,er @*ernment *. (epal has *.. late prepare, a lan, use plan using g*ernment in.rastru+ture In,ia ,*es g*ernment h*using in a 3ig /a an,

the t/* +*untries +an hae ri+h e+hange *. pra+ti+es .*ll*/e, in ea+h *ther lan, ..

late the relati*nship 3et/een In,ia an, Pakistan sh*/ an impr*ing tren, ".ter

in,epen,en+e In,ia has ma,e greater te+hn*l*gi+al instituti*ns Until the esta3lishment

*. P7D s+h**l *. ar+hite+ture in Kara+hi the *nl aaila3le institute /as !a* s+h**l *.

art in )ah*re In the area *. health+are

Pakistan has 3een taking help .r*m In,ia /h the same +an n*t 3e eten,e, in the .iel,

*. te+hn*l*g trans.er an, training the manp*/er

EE @P

C*untr %tatisti+s at a @lan+e

C*untr rankings *. the tpe presente, 3el*/ +ann*t preten, t* 3e ,e.initieH instea,

the aspire *nl t* pr*i,e the rea,er /ith an appr*imati*n *. the high an, l*/ en,s *n

a parti+ular s+ale C*untr ,ata ar en*rm*usl ,epen,ing *n the s*ur+es an, the

a3sen+e *. relia3le ,ata *n s*me +*untries re4uires their *missi*n /hi+h .urther ske/s

the results

I

I-Q--------L--L- - --- TT

I ;1 Cana,a I22




r-l--------"ustria -----Q r - --E1-E00-----

t l i

i 1 i

E1500

1------- -----------Q-----

i 1 )uem3*urg

I

- - - -- -- -----TT------TT---

m:

I5 %/iterlan, W-----EE800 -- 161 D--e-n-m-ar-k------ =----E2200 -

j---.r--------i+-e-Ian-,------- --

-------------------------W -

81 Irelan,

E1;00

E1;00

II--3 T-T ----L0 T T T T T T ---T -- TT

r------- -- -------- ------

i )7$%# @DP P$R C"PI#" 9PPP in U% ,*llars:= 200>

I

+- -- ------#------- - ------ - ----- - -- -- -

= 1= $ast #im*r N>00

= I

-

23




H- -QQ---------- r-Q-------

2

Burun,i

r------------6Qr---- -- - -- CQ-QHHr*s ---------------------<00--I

- ----Q r--------Q- -Q-----------------rT----- -Q-

1 < C*ng* Dem Rep *. = <00

I

i

i

r----

-- --------r--600 -

H

--

E

--

!ala/i

600

--

>

%ierra )e*ne

600

24




5j

%*malia

--

600

8 i

<00

@ui nea- Bissau

I

---------T----------- ---------- -

#anania

<00

;1

E> $OCA"(@$ R"#$%

E>1 %igni.i+an+e

#he e+hange rate epresses the nati*nal +urren+s 4u*tati*n in respe+t t* .*reign *nes

'*r eample i. *ne U% ,*llar is /*rth 10000 apanese &en then the e+hange rate *.,*llar is 10 000 &en I. s*mething +*sts E0000 &en it aut*mati+all +*sts E U% ,*llars as

a matter *. a++*untan+ @*ing *n /ith .i+ti*us num3ers a apan @DP *. 8 milli*n &en

/*ul, then 3e /*rth 800 D*llars

#hus the e+hange rate is a +*nersi*n .a+t*r a multiplier *r a rati* ,epen,ing *n the

,ire+ti*n *. +*nersi*n

In a slightl ,i..erent perspe+tie the e+hange rate is a pri+e I. the e+hange rate +an

.reel m*e the e+hange rate ma tum *ut t* 3e the .astest m*ing pri+e in the

e+*n*m 3ringing t*gether all the .*reign g**,s /ith it

E>2 #pes *. $+hange Rate

25




Wt is +ust*mar t* ,istinguish n*minal e+hange rates .r*m real e+hange rates (*minal

e+hange rates are esta3lishe, *n +urren+ .inan+ial markets +alle, L.*re marketsL

/hi+h are similar t* st*+k e+hane markets Rates are usuall esta3lishe,

Q -

in +*ntin*us 4u*tati*n /ith ne/spaper rep*rting ,ail 4u*tati*n 9as aerage *r .inishing

4u*tati*n in the tra,e ,a *n a spe+i.i+ market: Central 3ank ma als* .i the n*minal

e+hange rate

Real e+hange rates are n*minal rate +*rre+te, s*meh*/ 3 in.lati*n measures '*r

instan+e i. a +*untr " has an in.lati*n rate *. 10 +*untr B an in.lati*n *. 5 an, n*

+hanges in the n*minal e+hange rate t**k pla+e then +*untr " has n*/ a +urren+

/h*se real alue is 10-5M5 higher than 3e.*re In .a+t higher pri+es mean an appre+iati*n

*. the real e+hange rate *ther things e4ual

"n*ther +lassi.i+ati*n *. e+hange rates is 3ase, *n the num3er *. +urren+ies taken int*

a++*unt Bilateral e+hange rates +learl relate t* t/* +*untries +urren+ies #he are

usuall the results *. mat+hing *. ,eman, an, suppl *n .inan+ial markets *r in 3anking

transa+ti*n 9usuall /ith +entral 3ank as a *ne si,e *. the relati*nship:

ther 3ilateral e+hange rates ma 3e simpl +*mpute, .r*m triangular relati*nships= i.

the e+hange rate ,*llarJen is 10 000 an, the ,*llarJ"ng*lan k/ana is 100000 then as

a matter *. +*mputati*n *ne en is /*rth 10 k/ana (* ,ire+t enJk/ana transa+ti*n

nee,s t* take pla+e I. instea, there eist a .inan+ial market .*r en t* 3e e+hange,

/ith k/ana the epe+tati*n is that a+ti*ns 3 spe+ulat*rs 9ar3itrage am*ng markets:

/ill 3ring the parit *. 10 k/ana per en as an e..e+t

!ultilateral e+hange rates are +*mpute, in *r,er t ju,ge the general ,nami+s *. a

+*untrs +urren+ t*/ar, the rest *. the /*rl, ne takes a 3asket *. ,i..erent

+urren+ies sele+t a 9m*re *r less: meaning.ul set *. relatie /eights then +*mputes the

Le..e+tieL e+hange rate *. that +*untrs +urren+

'*r instan+e haing a 3asket ma,e up *. >0 U% ,*llars an, 60 @erman marks a +urren+that su..ere, .r*m a alue l*ss *. 10 in respe+t t* ,*llar an, >0 t* mark /ill 3e sai,

haing .a+e, an Le..e+tieL l*ss *. 106 X >0" M 22

%*me +*untries imp*se the eisten+e *. m*re than *ne e+hange rate ,epen,ing *n the

tpe an, the su3je+ts *. the transa+ti*n !ultiple e+hange rates then eist usuall

26




re.erring t* +*mmer+ial s pu3li+ transa+ti*ns *r +*nsumpti*n an, inestment imp*rts

#his situati*n re4uires al/as s*me ,egree *. +apital +*ntr*ls

In man +*untries 3esi,e the *..i+ial e+hange rate the 3la+k market *..ers .*reign

+urren+ at an*ther usuall mu+h higher rate

E>E !*netar "n, 'inan+ial Varia3les In Cr*ss-)inke, !arkets

1 Interest rates *n #reasur 3*n,s sh*ul, in.luen+e the ,e+isi*n *. .*reigners t* pur+hase

+urren+ in *r,er t* 3u them In this +ase higher interest rates attra+t +apital .r*m

a3r*a, an, the +urren+ sh*ul, appre+iate De+isie /*ul, 3e the ,i..eren+e 3et/een

,*mesti+ an, .*reign interest rates thus a re,u+ti*n in interest rates a3r*a, /*ul, hae

the same e..e+ts

%imilarl *ther .ie,-interest .inan+ial instruments +*ul, 3e *3je+t *. the same ,nami+s

"++*r,ingl an in+rease *. ,*mesti+ interest rates 3 the +entral 3ank is usuall

+*nsi,ering a /a t* L,e.en,L the +urren+

(*nerheless it ma happen that .*reigners rather 3u shares instea, *. #reasur 3*n,s

I. this /ere the str*ngest +*mp*nent *. +urren+ ,eman, then an in+rease *.

interest rate ma een pr**ke the *pp*site result sin+e an in+rease *. interest rate 4uite

*.ten ,epresses the st*+k market .a*uring a ti,e *. share ales 3 .*reigners

In the same LinersalL ,ire+ti*n might .*reign ,ire+t inestments /*rk " restri+tie

m*netar p*li+ usuall ,epresses the gr*/th perspe+tie *. the e+*n*m I. 'DI are

mainl attra+te, 3 sales perspe+ties an, the +*nstitute a large +*mp*nent *. +apital

.l*/s then 'DI in.l*/ might st*p an, the +urren+ /eaken

(ee,less t* sa th*se +*n,iti*ns are 4uite restri+tie an, n*t s* usuall met

"s a temp*rar +*n+lusi*n interest rates sh*ul, hae an imp*rtant impa+t *n e+hange

rate 3ut *ne has t* 3e +are.ul t* +he+k a,,iti*nal +*n,iti*ns

2 In.lati*n rate is *.ten +*nsi,ere, as a ,eterminant *. the e+hange rate as /ell " highin.lati*n sh*ul, 3e a++*mpanie, 3 ,epre+iati*n #he m*re s* i. *ther +*untries enj*

l*/er in.lati*n rates sin+e it sh*ul, 3e the ,i..eren+e 3et/een ,*mesti+ an, .*reign

in.lati*n rates t* ,etermine the ,ire+ti*n an, the s+ale *. e+hange rate m*ements

"ll this /*ul, 3e implie, 3 a /eak ersi*n *. L*ne pri+e la/L stating that pri+e

,nami+s *. a g**, are the same /*rl,/i,e a.ter taking int* a++*unt n*minal e+hange

27




rates #hus here the a3s*lute leel is n*t re4ueste, t* 3e e4ualie, 3ut just the per+entage

,i..eren+es in pri+e

I. an ham3urger +*sts in apan 5 m*re than a ear ag* /hile in U%" it +*sts 8 m*re then

the ,*llar sh*ul, hae 3een ,epre+iate, this ear 3 a3*ut 8-5ME

But in *r,er t* e4ualie the pri+e ,nami+s *. ,i..erent g**,s m*re than *ne e+hange

rate +hange ma turn *ut t* 3e Lne+essarL

In re.eren+e t* the *erall pri+e leel *. the e+*n*m i. e+hange rates /*ul, m*e

ea+tl +*unter3alan+ing in.lati*n ,nami+s then real e+hange rates sh*ul, 3e +*nstant

n the +*ntrar this is n*t true as a stri+t uniersal rule

%till een i. this /eak ersi*n *. the Lla/L ,en t al/a h*l, high in.lati*n usuall gie

rise t* ,epre+iati*n /h*se ea+t ,imensi*n nee, n*t mat+h the in.lati*n itsel. *r its

,i..eren+e /ith .*reign in.lati*n rates

-

Curren+

Per In,ian Rupee #* In,ian Rupee=

"ustralian D*llar

002;<

EE6>;8

Brailian Real

00>8>

2065;1

- -- -- L-- --Y-- --------- ---i----- ---- -----=

=British P*un, 0012<1 <86<20=

---------- - --- -----------X-- ------------------#------------Q

Cana,ian D*llar I 00258 E86;6>

I.

28




------- - --L-T------- ---- i- ---- ------ ----

Chinese Renmin3i 01<66i 5662ES

-- -- ----------Qi ----------- 1------------1

Danish Kr*ne 01E881 <202E1

I

------ ------------ ----i--- --T Q

$ur*pean $ur* l 00186j 5E<E00S

016;>1 5;0E0=

I i

=

-----rQ------l

010E51 ;666ES

I

i I

---------------Q Q

Hapanese &en 25;2;1 0E85<S

l

Israeli %hekel

A*ng K*ng D*llar

KQreaQ- 7*QI 22Q=HH-1E+- --- -------- 0-0>>0=

---- ---- =X-TTT Tl H

!alasian Ringgit I 00826H 121 101 i

e-r--r-Z -- - I --T -- -i ----------------Q

!ei+an Pes* i 02E251 >E008H

29




Q

- -----------t------------H ------- ----1

(e/ Gealan, D*llarj 00E1<H E1500;S

-------------------j--------- -----------------

(*r/egian Kr*ne 01>6;Q

68086 Q

n:

%*uth ".ri+an Ran, -

68<<5=

-------- ----------

%/e,ish Kr*na

00288

01<80

- --------i------X--

=%/iss 'ran+

T TT =TTT T T

#ai/anese D*llar

0<E>>S

56166

E><2;0 -1E6161

I

TTTTTTTT =

30




$+hange Rate *. the In,ian Rupee ersus *ther ke +urren+ies

9" @*ernment *. In,ia Un,ertaking: (#IC$ I(VI#I(@ #$(D$R I(VI#"#I(

'R BID% IRC(JE0 I 0J@%AP-< J@l#en,erJPa+kage->;

Date= 210<2005

#en,er (*ti+e

IRC( I(#$R("#I(") )I!I#$D

%u3= @%AP-<= %trengthening *. %A-5 Wr*m @*,hra t* %hamWaji paing *. sh*ul,ers

9Km E<; X;00 t* Km 501 X>00: - #en,er .*r Cl1stnt+ti#l *. pen )ine Drains

Chute Drains an, %tilling Basins 3et/een km>0> X 000 t* km>5E X 000 9C*nstru+ti*n Pa+kage-> ;:

",,iti*nal @eneral !anager IRC( Internati*nal )imite, 102 @IDC )una/a,a

R*a, @*,hraE8;001 inites seale, ten,ers in t/* pa+ket sstem *n pres+ri3e, .*rms

.r*m repute, C*ntra+t*rs haing re4uisite eperien+e an, .inan+ial +apa+it .*r ee+uti*n

*. a3*e su3je+te, /*rk #he appr*imate estimate, +*st *. pr*p*se, /*rk is Rs561E

)a+s Intereste, 3i,,ers are re4ueste, t* see the minimum-4uali.ing +riteri*n en+l*se,

as "nneure-B an, .*r an .urther +lari.i+ati*n +*nta+t "@!I @%AP- < J @*,hra

#he ten,er ,*+uments +an 3e *3taine, .r*m *..i+e *. the ",,iti*nal @eneral !anagerIr+*n Internati*nal )t, 102 @IDe )una/a,a R*a, @*,hra - E8;001 Dist Pan+hmahal

9@ujarat: Ph*ne (* 261E<> ,uring 10=00 "! t* >=00 P! up t* 10082005 3 +ash

pament *. Rs200J- 9Rupees #/* hun,re, *nl:

"lternatel ten,er +an 3e applie, *n ten,er ,*+uments ,*/nl*a,e, .r*m IRC(s

/e3site an, the ,ra/ings +an 3e *3taine, .r*m the *..i+e *. "@! @*,hra /hi+h shall

3e su3mitte, al*ng /ith ten,er ,*+uments 9Pa+ket-I: ,ul signe, in all pages A*/eer

the ten,er shall 3e pr*isi*nal till pre-4uali.i+ati*n +riteria ,*+uments are

su3mitte, an, are .*un, in *r,er "ls* DD *. Rs200J- 9Rupees #/* hun,re, *nl:

sh*ul, 3e su3mitte, t*/ar,s +*st *. ten,er ,*+ument

#he ten,er ,*+ument ,ul .ille, in all respe+ts in t/*-pa+kets sstem must 3e ,eliere,

t* this *..i+e *n 12082005 up t* 15E0 hrs "l*ng /ith re4uisite $arnest !*ne Dep*sit

31




Pa+ket -I ie #e+hni+al Bi, shall 3e *pene, *n the same ,a at 16=00 hrs In the presen+e

*. *ur auth*rie, representaties inten,ing t* atten, the *pening #he at+ *. *pening *r

.inan+ial 3i, shall 3e intimate, t* 4uali.ing 3i,,ers separatel De+isi*n *. #Re( *n

4uali9 gl ,is4uali.ing *. 3i,,ers shall 3e .inal an, 3in,ing

#hanking *u &*urs .aith.ull

",, @eneral !anager lRC(J@%AP- < J@*,hra

"(($OUR$ - B 91J2:

$V")U"#I( CRI#$RI( 'R #$(D$R$R%

" $ssential Fuali.ing Criteria

I #he +*ntra+t*r sh*ul, p*ssess the eperien+e *. haing su++ess.ull +*mplete, similar

/*rks C*n+rete /*rks ,uring last < ears 9en,ing last ,a *. the m*nth prei*us t* the

*ne in /hi+h ten,ers are inite, /hi+h sh*ul, 3e an*ne *. the .*ll*/ing=

i: #hree +*mplete, similar /*rks C*n+rete /*rks ea+h +*sting n*t less than Rs22>5

)a+s

ii: #/* +*mplete, similar /*rksl C*n+rete /*rks ea+h +*sting n*t less than Rs280<

)a+s

iii: ne +*mplete, similar /*rk C*n+rete /*rk +*sting n*t less than Rs>>;0 )a+s

2 #he aerage annual .inan+ial turn*er ,uring the last E ears en,ing E1 st !ar+h *. the

prei*us .inan+ial ear sh*ul, 3e at least Rs1<00 )a+s 9Rupees %eenteen )a+s *nl:

(*tes= #he .inan+ial turn*er shall 3e ju,ge, .r*m I#CC "nnual Rep*rt in+lu,ing Pr*.it

an, )*ss "++*unt

E #he +*ntra+t*r sh*ul, su3mit per.*rman+e +erti.i+ates in 9minimum E n*s 2 n*s *r 1

n* as the +ase ma 3e: .r*m +*mplete, similar /*rks C*n+rete /*rks in the last < ears

> #here sh*ul, n*t 3e an unsatis.a+t*r per.*rman+e Rep*rt *. the +*ntra+t*r .r*m an

s*ur+e

32




"(($OUR$ - B 9212:

$V ")U"#I( CRI#$RI( 'R #$(D$R$R%

I

B ther Fuali.ing Criteria

Registrati*n *. +*mpan Partnership ,ee, J arti+le *. ass*+iati*n > Registrati*n un,er

)a3*ur )a/

Registrati*n un,er %ales #a "+t

2 "aila3ilit *. %kille, traine, manp*/er

E "aila3ilit *.t**ls Plant !a+hiner releant t* the /*rk

> "aila3ilit *. a,e4uate testing measuring an, inspe+ti*n e4uipment

an, .a+ilities .*r +ali3rati*n *. the same 92 mark ea+h .*r testing e4uipment measuring

inspe+ti*n e4uipment an, .a+ilities .*r +ali3rati*n:

5 "aila3ilit *. sa.et applian+es e4uipment 92 marks ea+h .*r aaila3ilit *. Aelmets

sa.et sh*es sa.et signs:

6 "aila3ilit *. I%-;000 Certi.i+ati*n - 10 marks

"gen+ /*rke, .*r I% +erti.ie, .irm - 6 marks

"gen+ /*rke, .*r "DB 7*rl, Bank .un,e, pr*je+t - > marks < "aila3ilit *.

3ankers +erti.i+ate

##") !"RK%

!a !arks

E

E

20 E5 10

5

10

10

10033




#he +*ntra+t*rs sh*ul, pass in all items *. L$ssential Fuali.ing CriteriaL an, sh*ul,

*3tain minimum 60 marks *ut *. the 100 *. Lther Fuali.ing CriteriaL t* get sh*rt

liste, te+hni+all 4uali .ie,

#en,erer 9s: ma please n*te that their *..ers /ill 3e ealuate, as per the

+re,entialsJ,*+uments atta+he, 3 the ten,erer 9s: al*ng /ith the ten,er

'*r *n 3ehal. *.

IRC( I(#$R("#I(") )It-l#$D

Registere, ..i+e= IRC( Ii=#$R("#IiS")USlI#$ Palika Bha/an %e+t*r-OIII R

K Puram (e/ Delhi- 110066 In,ia #el (* X;1-011-2688;E6 'a (*26885 165 $-!ail= in.*[ir+*nnel+*m

>10 PR$-BID C('$R$(C$

".ter the ten,er ,*+uments are issue, t* sh*rrliste, +*ntra+t*rs an, su..i+ientl ahea, *.

the ,ate *. su3missi*n *. ten,ers a pre-3i, +*n.eren+e is hel, 3 the empl*erJt* /hi+h

all the inten,ing 3i,,ers are inite, Be.*re this +*n.eren+e the inten,ing 3i,,ers areals* en+*urage, t* isit the site an, see .*r themseles the site +*n,iti*ns the .a+ilities

aaila3le at the site an, its i+init an, eamine all ,ata *n inestigati*ns et+ that is

aaila3le /ith pr*je+t auth*rit s* that the +*ntra+t*rs hae a +lear pi+ture *. /hat is

epe+te, *. them an, the +*n,iti*ns un,er /hi+h the /*rks are t* 3e ee+ute, In the

+*n.eren+e the j*3 re4uirements /ill 3e +lari.ie, an, +*ntra+t +*n,iti*ns eplaine,

/hereer an eplanati*n is s*ught B this the +*ntra+t*rs /*ul, hae a +lear i,ea *. the

+*n,iti*ns *. the +*ntra+t an, the /ill als* 3e .ree t* ask .*r +lari.i+ati*n *n an *. the

j*3 re4uirements ,esign spe+i.i+ati*ns et+ an, the ari*us +*ntra+t +lauses in+lu,ing

their legal impli+ati*ns " summar re+*r, *. the +*n.eren+e /ill 3e prepare, an, sent t*

all the inten,ing 3i,,ers t* /h*m the +*ntra+t ,*+uments /*ul, hae 3een sent al*ng

/ith amen,ments t* the +*ntra+t ,*+uments resulting .r*m this +*n.eren+e

>11 R$C$IP# "(D PRC$%%I(@ ' #$(D$R%

D*+uments inaria3l spe+i. the ,ata timeS pla+e an, the ,esignati*n *. the *..i+er t*

/h*m the +*mplete, ,*+uments are t* 3e su3mitte, "l*ng /ith the ten,er the 3i,,ers

34




are als* epe+te, t* pr*i,e an $arnest !*ne Dep*sit - a .ie, am*unt stipulate, in the

ten,er - in the .*rm *. +ash *r 3*n, *r 3ank guarantee #he $arnest !*ne Dep*sit is t*

ensure that the +*ntra+t*r ,*es n*t 3a+k *ut .r*m his ten,er /hen it is un,er

+*nsi,erati*n n*r .r*m ee+uting the /*rk a.ter a/ar, *. /*rk #en,ers una++*mpanie,

3 $arnest !*ne Dep*sit are n*rmall reje+te, as 3eing n*n resp*nsie It is als* a

+*ntra+tual stipulati*n that the ten,er sh*ul, 3e su3mitte, ea+tl as per the pr*isi*ns *.

the ,*+uments #en,ers /ith an ,eiati*n *r +*n,iti*nal ten,ers are summaril reje+te,

as n*n-resp*nsie #he ten,ers are *pene, in the presen+e *. the ten,erers *r their

auth*rise, representaties /h* like t* 3e

present at the n*ti.ie, time *. *pening ".ter *pening the ten,ere, am*unts are rea, *ut

3 the *..i+er *pening the ten,ers .*r the in.*rmati*n *. all th*se present %Uita3leentries *. the ten,ers re+eie, are ma,e in a register an, signe, 3 all th*se present

>12 $V ")V" #I( ' BID%

#he .irst step in the ealuati*n *. ten,ers is reje+ti*n *. all +*n,iti*nal ten,ers an, th*se

/ith*ut earnest m*ne ,ep*sit #he a++epta3le ten,ers are therea.ter ealuate, "part

.r*m arithmeti+al +he+king the ten,ere, rates .*r in,ii,ual items are +*mpare, /ith the

estimate, rates t* sp*t *ut th*se /ith e+epti*nall high *r l*/ rates #he empl*er

reseres the right t* a++ept *r reje+t an *..er /ith*ut assigning an reas*n an, hen+e he

is .ree t* reje+t an ten,er /ith e+epti*nall high *r l*/ rates .*r in,ii,ual items "t

the same timer it is als* n*t *3ligat*r t* reje+t all the ten,ers #he impa+t *. su+h items

rates t* sp*t *ut th*se /ith e+epti*nall high *r l*/ rates #he empl*er reseres the

right t* a++ept *r reje+t an *..er 7ith*ut assigning an reas*n an, hen+e he is .ree t*

reje+t an ten,er /ith e+epti*nall high *r l*/ rates .*r in,ii,ual items "t the same

timer it is als* n*t *3ligat*r t* reje+t all the ten,ers #he impa+t *. su+h items *n the

*erall +*sts *. /*rk +an 3e assesse, an, i. the ariati*n in the t*tal +*st is marginal

su+h ten,ers +an 3e +*nsi,ere, .*r +*mparis*n (*rmall the l*/est ten,er +*n.*rming

t* the re4uirement stipUlate, in the ten,er ,*+uments is a++epte,

>1E " 7"RD ' 7RK

"++eptan+e *. a ten,er is +*mmuni+ate, t* the +*ntra+t*r thr*ugh the letter *. a/ar,

#his in,i+ates the a/ar, *. the /*rk t* the +*ntra+t*r .*r a spe+i.ie, sum 7ith an a,i+e

t* him t* atten, the *..i+e *. the empl*er t* sign the agreement #his als* stipulates the

,ate *. +*mmen+ement an, the ,ate *. +*mpleti*n *. /*rk "t this stage the +*ntra+t*r

is epe+te, t* .urnish a per.*rman+e guarantee /hi+h ma 3e in the .*rm *. a 3*n, *r a

3ank guarantee .*r the n*ti.ie, am*unt #he &uara t

35




Q I=\ nee

t*/ar,s earnest m*ne ,ep*sit /ill 3e release, at this stage I. h*/eer the +*ntra+t*r

,*es n*t turn up t* sign the +*ntra+t *r .ails t* pr*i,e the pel.*nnan+e guarantee 3 the

stipulate, time an, ,ate the /*rk ma 3e a/ar,e, t* s*me *ther +*ntra+t*r Un,er this

+*n,iti*n the earnest m*ne ,ep*site, 3 the +*ntra+t*r t* /h*m the /*rk /as

*riginall a/ar,e, /ill stan, .*r.eite, t* the empl*er

CA"P#$R 6

PR$FU")I'IC"#I( ' C(#R"C#R%

61 I(#RDUC#I(

Pre-4uali.i+ati*n *. +*ntra+t*rs is the m*st imp*rtant pr*+ess In ten,ering an, 3i,,ing .*r

an kin, *. pr*je+ts pr*je+t */ner *n the 3asis *. hist*r *. the +*ntra+t*r +urrent status

*. +*ntra+t*r an, his *erall per.*rman+e pre4uali.ies him

#his n*te is prepare, .*r the e+lusie use *. the 3*rr*/er 9the pur+haser in this

,*+ument: an, sh*ul, n*t 3e in+lu,e, in the pre4uali.i+ati*n ,*+uments ma,e aaila3le

t* appli+ants #* simpli. presentati*n the n*te .*+uses mainl *n +*nstru+ti*n +*ntra+ts

9the m*st +*mm*n appli+ati*n *. pre4uali.i+ati*n pr*+e,ures: Care sh*ul, 3e taken

/hen preparing pre4uali.i+ati*n ,*+uments .*r *ther tpes *. +*ntra+ts t* ensure that the

pre4uali.i+ati*n +riteria re.er t* the nee,s an, +hara+teristi+s *. the spe+i.i+ pr*+urement

/hile 3eing +*nsistent /ith the general prin+iples *utline, in the n*te

62 C!P$#I#IV$ BIDDI(@ 'R C(%#RUC#I( 7RK%

#he su++ess.ul ee+uti*n *. +*ntra+ts .*r large 3uil,ings +iil engineering suppl an,

installati*n pr*je+ts an, maj*r +ust*m-ma,e e4uipment re4uires that +*ntra+ts are

a/ar,e, t* +*mpetent +*ntra+t*rs usuall *n the 3asis *. +*mpetitie Bi,,ing pr*+e,ures )arge +*ntra+ts .inan+e, un,er l*ans .r*m the (*rth "meri+an Deel*pment

Bank 9the Bank: are a/ar,e, as a rule thr*ugh *pen 3i,,ing

36




HE #A$ R$FmR$!$(# 'R PR$FU")I'IC"#I( ' BIDD$R%

#his ,*+ument relates spe+i.i+all t* the sele+ti*n *. +*mpetent +*ntra+t*rs pri*r t* the

issue *. the initati*ns t* 3i, a pr*+e,ure kn*/n as pre4uali.i+ati*n Pre4uali.i+ati*n *.

+*ntra+t*rs is re+*mmen,e, .*r large *r +*mple /*rks an, e+epti*nall .*r +ust*m

,esigne, e4uipment an, spe+ialie, seri+es Pre4uali.i+ati*n is als* ,esira3le in *ther+ir+umstan+es .*r eample in se+t*r pr*je+ts /ith a pr*grammati+ appr*a+h an, /hen a

large num3er *. +*ntra+ts are let *n a Lsli+e an, pa+kageL 3asis

#he 4uali.i+ati*n *. a +*ntra+t*r is a separate pr*+ess .r*m the 3i, ealuati*n pr*+e,ure

/hi+h +*n+entrates *n the pri+e an, merits *. the 3i, itsel. Details *. the 3i, ealuati*n

pr*+e,ure are a,,resse, in the Banks !*,el Bi,,ing D*+uments an, Pr*+urement (*te=

Bi, $aluati*n Pr*+e,ures

6> B$($'I#% ' PR$FU")I'IC"#I(

#he pre-4uali.i+ati*n pr*+ess is *. a,antage t* +*ntra+t*rs an, pur+haser alike

#he pre-4uali.i+ati*n pr*+ess ena3les +*ntra+t*rs /h* ma 3e insu..i+ientl 4uali.ie, *n

their */n t* a*i, the epense *. Bi,,ing *r t* .*rm a j*int enture /hi+h ma gie a

3etter +han+e *. su++ess #he assuran+e that +*mpetit*rs /hi+h la+k the ne+essar

4uali.i+ati*ns /ill 3e e+lu,e, .r*m 3i,,ing thus en+*urages lea,ing +*ntra+t*rs *r

suppliers t* 3i, #he /ell-4uali.ie, .irms ma als* pri+e their 3i,s m*re +*mpetitiel

/ith the kn*/le,ge that the /ill *nl 3e +*mpeting /ith *ther 4uali.ie, 3i,,ers meeting

realisti+ minimum +*mpeten+e +riteria

Pre-4uali.i+ati*n ena3les pur+hasers=

9a: t* assess the interest generate, 3 the pr*je+t am*ng 4uali.ie, .irms an, t* make an

ne+essar a,justments in the pr*+urement pr*+ess 9in+lu,ing in parti+ular the +*n,iti*ns

*. +*ntra+t sharing *. risk pament terms li4ui,ate, ,amages *r +*mpleti*n times

/hi+h ma 3e per+eie, as *ner*us 3 p*tential 3i,,ers: in the eent that *nl a limite,

num3er *. appli+ati*ns are re+eie,H

93: #* re,u+e the am*unt *. /*rk an, time in*le, in ealuating 3i,s .r*m Un4uali.ie,

+*ntra+t*rsH

9+: #* en+*urage l*+al .irms t* .*rm j*int entures /ith *ther l*+al *r nternati*nal .irms

there3 3ene.iting .r*m their res*ur+es an, eperien+eH an,

37




9,: #* re,u+e signi.i+antl i. n*t eliminate pr*3lems ass*+iate, /ith l*/ pri+es

su3mitte, 3 3i,,ers *. ,*u3t.ul +apa3ilit

65 B"%I% 'R PR$FU")I'IC" #I(

Un,er Bank-.inan+e, pr*je+ts the pur+haser is resp*nsi3le .*r preparing the pre4uali.i+ati*n ,*+uments an, ealuating the appli+ants #he pre4uali.i+ati*n

,*+uments sh*ul, pr*i,e a +lear 3asis up*n /hi+h pr*spe+tie 3i,,ers +an 3e ealuate,

.*ll*/ing an *3je+tie pr*+ess 3ase, *n .air an, transparent +riteria #he ,*+umentati*n

s*ught sh*ul, al/as 3e releant +learl state, an, s* that pr*spe+tie 3i,,ers are n*t

,eterre, sh*ul, n*t imp*se an e+essie 3ur,en *. preparati*n *r paper/*rk

Pre-4uali.i+ati*n sh*ul, 3e ,enie, *nl t* th*se pr*spe+tie 3i,,ers /h* ,* n*t meet the

spe+i.ie, +riteria #hus th*se /h* prepare pre4uali.i+ati*n ,*+umentati*n .*r a pr*je+t

are resp*nsi3le .*r ensuring that the +riteria are ,ra/n in a++*r,an+e /ith the

realisti+ nee,s *. the pr*je+t an, that the +riteria are su..i+ientl stringent t* assure that

+nl pr*perl 4uali.ie, .irms are in+lu,e, in the .inal list $+essiel Ls*.tL +riteria ma

result in an e+ess *. unsuita3l 4uali.ie, appli+ants an, ma lea, t*

9a: Deterring the 3etter 4uali.ie, .irms .r*m 3i,,ing an,

93: 3taining a l*/ 3i, .r*m a marginall 4uali.ie, +*ntra+t*r *r supplier

%in+e pre-4uali.i+ati*n is a preliminar stage in the pr*+ess *. a/ar,ing a +*ntra+t t* a

+*mpetent 3i,,er the pur+haser must 3e a3le t* eri. the statements ma,e 3 the

appli+ants an, t* retain the right t* s*li+it in.*rmati*n .r*m past pur+hasers an, .inan+ial

instituti*ns Be+ause there ma 3e man appli+ants at the pre4uali.i+ati*n stage the

etent *. eri.i+ati*n sh*ul, 3e limite, t* signi.i+ant issues /ith appli+ants 3eing

a..*r,e, the 3ene.it *. reas*na3le ,*u3t In su3se4uent stages *. the pr*+urement

pr*+ess su+h ,*u3ts ma 3e inestigate, i. the remain releant

66 $)I@IBI)I#& # PR$ FU")I'&

#he pre-4uali.i+ati*n pr*+ess sh*ul, n*t 3e use, t* limit the num3er *. 3i,,ers an, all

pre-4uali.ie, appli+ants must 3e permitte, t* 3i, %*me agen+ies maintain regis=ers *.

.irms that meet pre-set 4uali.i+ati*n re4uirements %u+h registers are n*t a su3stitute .*r

the pre4uali.i+ati*n pr*+ess un,er *pen 3i,,ing Pre-4uali.i+ati*n in Bank-.un,e,

pr*je+ts is *pen t* +*ntra+t*rs suppliers an, j*int entures .r*m an +*untr *r

+*untries

38




6< "DV$R#I%$!$(#

#he pre-4uali.i+ati*n *. 3i,,ers sh*ul, 3e a,ertise, .*ll*/ing the pr*+e,ures .*r

n*ti.i+ati*n an, a,ertising spe+i.ie, in the Banks Pr*+urement P*li+ies an, Rules

",e4uate time .*r resp*nse sh*ul, 3e all*/e, 9%ee als* the Banks (*te *n the

Preparati*n an, Pu3li+ati*n *. Pr*+urement (*ti+es:

Q PR$FU")I'IC"#I( CRI#$RI" # B$ PR$-%$#

" +lear statement *. the re4uirements .*r 4uali.i+ati*n sh*ul, 3e sent t* all appli+ants

/h* /ish t* 3e +*nsi,ere, .*r pre-4uali.i+ati*n #he spe+i.i+ +riteria an, the

pre4uali.i+ati*n ,*+ument as a /h*le must 3e +*nsi,ere, /ith +are as earl as p*ssi3le

in the pr*+urement pr*+ess A*/eer the pre4uali.i+ati*n ,*+uments sh*ul, 3e issue,*nl /hen the preparati*n *. engineering ,esigns an, 3i,,ing ,*+uments is /ell-

a,an+e, an, the /*rks are reas*na3l /ell ,e.ine,

; #7-$(V$)P$ %&%#$!

#he ealuati*n *. pre4uali.i+ati*n appli+ati*ns pre+e,es the issue *. initati*ns t* 3i,

Pr*+e,ures su+h as the Lt/*-enel*pe sstemL /hi+h entails su3mitting pre4uali.i+ati*n

an, 3i, ,*+uments at the same time in separate enel*pes ,* n*t meet the re4uirements

*. the Pr*+urement P*li+ies an, Rules an, ,e.eat *ne *. the ke *3je+ties *.

pre4uali.i+ati*n that *. saing un4uali.ie, pr*spe+tie 3i,,ers the epense *. 3i,,ing

#he t/*-enel*pe sstem sh*ul, n*t 3e use, in *pen 3i,,ing

10 C'I("(C$D PR$C#%

In,ii,ual +*ntra+ts ma *nl 3e .inan+e, j*intl 3 the Bank an, *ther len,ers i. the

+*lan,ers agree t* the appli+ati*n *. the Banks Pr*+urement P*li+ies an, Rules #he

pr*+urement pr*+ess is then the same as in an pr*je+t .un,e, 3 the Bank

A*/eer there is n*t al/as a .ull agreement am*ng +*-.inan+iers *n the pr*+urement

pr*+e,ures t* 3e .*ll*/e, In su+h +ases spe+i.i+ ,is+rete +*ntra+ts are pr*+ure,

.*ll*/ing the respe+tie +*-.inan+iers rules un,er Lparallel +*-.inan+ingL arrangements#he pre4uali.i+ati*n ,*+uments must then a,,ress the re4uirements *. the respe+tie +*-

.inan+iers .*r the +*ntra+ts the .inan+e

39




In s*me +ases the +* .inan+ing arrangements 9in+lu,ing the etent *. the parti+ipati*n *.

the ari*us +*-len,ers the all*+ati*n *. their .un,s t* the ari*us ,is+rete elements *. the

pr*je+t an, the etent t* /hi+h j*int +* .inan+ing /ill appl: ma n*t hae 3een

,etermine, at the time *. initing .irms .*r pre4uali.i+ati*n an, there.*re the

pre4uali.i+ati*n re4uirements .*r the ari*us elements *. the pr*je+t /*ul, n*t 3e kn*/n

#he pre4uali.i+ati*n ,*+uments sh*ul, make the p*siti*n +lear t* the appli+ants an,

all*/ .*r p*ssi3le su3,iisi*n *. the pr*je+t int* ,is+rete elements .*r a p*tential parallel

+* .inan+ing arrangement

611 !U)#IP)$ C(#R"C#%

7here a pr*je+t ma 3e ,ii,e, int* separate +*ntra+ts 9sli+es: that ma 3e +*m3ine,

int* gr*ups *. +*ntra+ts 9pa+kages: appli+ants ma 3e inite, t* pre-4uali. .*r ea+h

spe+i.i+ +*ntra+t separatel *r .*r a pa+kage *. +*ntra+ts /hi+h are essentiall *. a

similar tpe an, sie 3ut s*metimes /ith l*nger ,urati*ns "ppli+ants sh*ul, 3e aske, t*

state .*r /hi+h Lsli+esL *r Lpa+kagesL the /ish t* pre-4uali. "ppli+ants ma pre-4uali. .*r a spe+i.i+ +*ntra+t an sin gle +*ntra+t an +*m3inati*n *. +*ntra+ts *r the

entire pa+kage

"n appli+ant ma 3e all*/e, t* 3i, .*r an +*ntra+t .*r /hi+h it is pre-4uali.ie, an, it

ma 3e a/ar,e, m*re than *ne ,epen,ing *n its +apa+it t* +arr *ut a +*m3inati*n *.

+*ntra+ts In su+h +ases a/ar,s are ma,e 3 the pur+haser *n the 3asis *. the least +*st

.*r the entire pa+kage *. +*ntra+ts taking int* a++*unt an ,is+*unts *..ere, 3 3i,,ers

.*r multiple +*ntra+t a/ar,

6111 %u3 - C*ntra+t*rs

#he eperien+e an, .inan+ial res*ur+es *. su3* *ntra+t*rs ma n*t 3e a,,e, t* th*se *.

the "ppli+ant .*r purp*ses *. pre4uali.i+aQi*n #he +umulatie eperien+e an, +apa+it

*. an appli+ant as a .*rmer su3+*ntra+= t*r ma 4uali. them as appli+ants .*r

+ertain /*rks In +ases /here a highl spe+ialie, pr*+ess must 3e use, appli+ants

sh*ul, 3e re4uire, t* spe+i. the names an, 4uali.i+ati*ns *. su+h spe+ialist

su3+*ntra+t*rs i. the parti+ular pr*+ess I% n*t aaila3le in-h*use )a+k *. su+h

spe+ialie, supp*rt essential in +ertain +*nstru+ti*n *perati*ns that re4uire .*r eample

+hemi+al gr*uting *r un,er/ater repair /*rk +*ul, result in ,is4uali.i+ati*n *. the

"ppli+ant

6112 *int Ventures "n, ther '*rms . "ss*+iati*n

40




#he Bank en+*urages the .*rmati*n *. j*int entures *. +*ntra+t*rs *r suppliers .r*m the

pur+hasers +*untr /ith .*reign +*ntra+t*rs *r suppliers 3ut ,*es n*t a++ept +*n,iti*ns

.*r pre4uali.i+ati*n *r 3i,,ing /hi+h make su+h j*int entures man,at*r

7hen t/* *r m*re .irms appl j*intl .*r pre4uali.i+ati*n spe+ial +*nsi,erati*ns must

3e met #he pre4uali.i+ati*n ,*+ument must set *ut +learl the +*n,iti*ns appling t*su+h j*int entures /hether eisting *r pr*p*se,H t* an +hange in the mem3ership *.

the j*int enturesH *r t* the ass*+iati*n *. pre-4uali.ie, .irms a.ter pre4uali.i+ati*n $a+h

part *. the j*int enture must su3mit the +*mplete ,*+umentati*n re4uire, *. an

in,ii,ual .irm appling .*r pre4uali.i+ati*n

#he re4uirements ,es+ri3e, .*r j*int entures appl t* ass*+iati*ns partnerships

+*ns*rtia an, *ther entures in /hi+h .irms ass*+iate /ith ea+h *ther .*rmall .*r the

purp*se *. +arring *ut a +*ntra+t j*intl Partners *. a j*int enture must +*n.irm that i.

pre-4uali.ie, the j*int enture 3i, /ill 3e su3mitte, /ith a .*rmal j*int enture

agreement an, that all parties t* that agreement /ill 3e legall 3*un, j*intl an,seerall .*r the 3i, an, an +*nse4uent +*ntra+t #he lea, partner in the j*int enture

sh*ul, als* 3e ,esignate, as /ell as the in,ii,ual /ith *erall resp*nsi3ilit .*r the

j*int appli+ati*n /hi+h /ill 3e the prin+ipal +*nta+t .*r +*mmuni+ati*ns #he

re4uirements ,* n*t appl t* su3+*ntra+t arrangements

" .irm ma appl .*r pre4uali.i+ati*n 3*th in,ii,uall an, as part *. a j*int enture It

/ill n*t h*/eer 3e permitte, t* 3i, .*r the same +*ntra+t as an in,ii,ual .irm an, as

part *. a j*int enture In the eent that it 3i,s .*r the same +*ntra+t as an in,ii,ual .irm

an, as part *. a j*int enture this /ill result in the reje+ti*n *. all 3i,s .*r that +*ntra+t in

/hi+h the parr is in*le,

'*rmati*n *r regr*uping *. j*int entures a.ter pre4uali.i+ati*n /i II *nl 3e +*nsi,ere,

i. the a,,iti*nal .irms *r j*int entures hae alrea, 3een pre-4uali.ie, A*/eer su+h

ne/ j*int entures /ill n*t 3e appr*e, i. in the 3*rr*/ers *pini*n this /*ul,

su3stantiall re,u+e +*mpetiti*n

i12 C)"RI'IC"#I( !$$#I(@

7here +ir+umstan+es /arrant 9usuall .*r er large *r er +*mple pr*je+ts: a

+lari.i+ati*n meeting sh*ul, 3e hel, t* +lear an ,*u3ts the p*tential appli+ants ma hae

a3*ut the ,*+uments *r the pr*je+t I. su+h a meeting takes pla+e all .irms that hae 3een

issue, /ith pre4uali.i+ati*n ,*+uments sh*ul, 3e sent at least three /eeks 3e.*re the

41




su3missi*n ,ate a +*p *. the minutes *. the meeting listing an +hanges ma,e t* the

pre4uali.i+ati*n re4uirements *r pr*+e,ure as a result *. the meeting

61E P"%%I'"I) CRI#$RI"

#he Bank er str*ngl a,*+ates that appli+ants sh*ul, 3e pre4uali.ie, 3 meeting pre,e.ine, pre+ise minimum re4uirements #he meth*, entails setting passJ.ail +riteria

/hi+h i. n*t met su3stantiall 3 the appli+ant results in ,is4uali.i+ati*n ther meth*,s

that in*le the use *. su3je+tie +riteria t* ealuate .irms hae 3een .*un, t* 3e .la/e,

an, hae resulte, in +*mplaints .r*m p*tential 3i,,ers that /ere unjustl ,is4uali.ie,

an, in seri*us ,elas in pr*je+t implementati*n ne su+h meth*, is the p*ints sstem

that relies *n the app*rti*nment *. Lmerit p*intsL #his sstem is 3etter suite, t* the

ealuati*n *. +*nsultants *r .*r +*ntra+ts /hi+h entail

#he +riteria a,*pte, must relate t* +hara+teristi+s that are essential t* ensure satis.a+t*r

ee+uti*n *. the +*ntra+t an, must 3e pre+isel state, In essen+e the +riteria must 3e

+h*sen s* that *nl +*ntra+t*rs /h* are /ell 4uali.ie, t* +arr *ut the /*rk are permitte,

t* 3i, #he +riteria must als* 3e set s* that the neither inhi3it +*mpetiti*n n*r set a

pre,etermine, num3er *. .irms t* 3e pre-4uali.ie, all .irms that meet the +riteria sh*ul,

3e inite, t* 3i, #he pre4uali.i+ati*n +riteria .*r j*int entures sh*ul, 3e the same as

th*se .*r single appli+ants

61> I('R!"#I( # B$ %U@A#

#* ena3le p*tential 3i,,ers t* 3e pre-4uali.ie, it is ne+essar t* seek *nl su+h

in.*rmati*n as is essential .*r the pur+haser t* ,etermine the appli+ants +apa3ilities t*

per.*rm the +*ntra+ts satis.a+t*ril #hese +apa3ilities are n*rmall +ateg*rie, un,er the

hea,ings *. eperien+e pers*nnel +apa3ilities e4uipment +apa3ilities .inan+ial p*siti*n

an, litigati*n hist*r

615 $OP$RI$(C$

6151 @eneral $perien+e

#he appli+ants general +apa3ilities sh*ul, 3e relate, t* the aaila3ilit *. +urrent

releant eperien+e an, the alue *. /*rk un,ertaken !inimum eperien+e

re4uirements sh*ul, 3e stipulate, as an annual alue *. the general +*nstru+ti*n /*rk

+arrie, *ut *er a state, peri*, eg .ie ears

#he alue *. releant /*rk +arrie, *ut sh*ul, 3e presente, as the annual turn*er in

terms *. in*i+es t* +lients .*r /*rk +arrie, *ut ,uring the ear epresse, in its42




e4uialent in a +*nerti3le +urren+ ie U%N #he alue *. ea+h +*ntra+t sh*ul, 3e

+al+ulate, at the e+hange rate at the en, *. ea+h ear rep*rte, #he +riteri*n .*r

4uali.i+ati*n sh*ul, 3e set at a leel that ensures that the p*tential +*ntra+t*r /ill n*t 3e

*er/helme, 3 the sie *. the ne/ +*ntra+t '*r instan+e the appli+ants annual

turn*er sh*ul, n*rmall 3e n*t less than 25 times the epe+te, annual +ash .l*/ *. the

pr*p*se, +*ntra+t #he multiplies ma 3e re,u+e, .*r er large +*ntra+ts 9sa U%N

500m: *r er small 9sa U%N 1 m *r less: *r in spe+ial +ir+umstan+es 3ut sh*ul, n*t 3e

less than 15

#estim*nials an, +erti.i+ates are *. ,*u3t.ul alue in assessing appli+ants +apa3ilities

an, are n*t al/as aaila3le #hus appli+ants sh*ul, n*t 3e re4uire, t* su3mit su+h

,*+uments as a +*n,iti*n *. pre4uali.i+ati*n

6152 Parti+ular $perien+e

"ppli+ants sh*ul, ,em*nstrate that the hae +arrie, *ut /*rk *. a nature sie alue

an, +*mpleit similar t* that *. the pr*je+t in 4uesti*n #here are t/* prin+ipal +riteria

.*r pre4uali.i+ati*n

'irst the appli+ant sh*ul, hae +arrie, *ut similar /*rk *. at least a magnitu,e

appr*imating that *. the pa+kage *. /*rk .*r /hi+h pre4uali.i+ati*n is s*ught

Depen,ing *n the nature *. the /*rks t* 3e 3i,e, the +riteri*n sh*ul, 3e relate, t* the

appli+ant haing +arrie, *ut *ne *r m*re pr*je+ts *. a +ertain alue re.erre, t* that *. the

pr*p*se, pr*je+t *er a spe+i.ie, peri*, usuall the last .ie ears 9*r less in spe+ial

+ir+umstan+es: #he in,ii,ual alue *. su+h prei*us +*ntra+ts sh*ul, 3e a3*ut 80

per+ent *. the estimate, +*st in+lu,ing +*ntingen+ies *. the +*ntra+t t* 3e un,ertaken

%e+*n, the appli+ant sh*ul, hae per.*rme, *perati*ns *. a *lume an, 4ualit similar

t* th*se re4uire, .*r the pr*je+t '*r eample /here large-*lume earth m*in g

tunneling *r +*n+rete pla+ing is in*le, the appli+ant sh*ul, ,em*nstrate eperi en+e

in th*se *perati * ns ha] ng per.*rme, them at the rates ne+essar t* meet

a per+entage 9eg 80 per+ent: *. the peak annual rate re4uire, .*r the pr*je+t "ppli+ants

sh*ul, n*t 3e ,is4uali.ie, 3e+ause the hae n*t ha, ,ire+t eperien+e in the pur+hasers

+*untr *r regi*n

43




In s*me pr*je+ts spe+i.i+ enir*nmental +*n,iti*ns ma re4uire appli+ants t* hae

parti+ular releant eperien+e "ppli+ants sh*ul, n*t 3e ,is4uali.ie, s*lel 3e+ause the

hae n*t +arrie, *ut the ea+t tpe *. pr*je+t pr*p*se, i. their eperien+e is +*mpara3le

'*r eample a +*ntra+t*r /h* has n*t ,*ne s* 3e.*re ma 3e +apa3le *. +*nstru+ting

se/er an, /ater mains i. the +*ntra+t*r has a,e4uate +*mpara3le +iil

/*rks an, 3uil,ing eperien+e

616 P$R%(($) C"P"BI)I#I$%

#he managerial an, te+hni+al +*mpeten+e *. a +*ntra+t*r is largel relate, t* its ke

pers*nnel *n site #he etent t* /hi+h the appli+ant sh*ul, ,em*nstrate haing sta.. /ith

etensie eperien+e sh*ul, 3e limite, t* th*se re4uiring +riti+al *perati*nal *r te+hni+al

skills #he pre4uali.i+ati*n +riteria sh*ul, there.*re re.er t* a limite, num3er *. su+h ke

pers*nnel .*r instan+e the pr*je+t manager an, th*se superinten,ents /*rking un,er the

pr*je+t manager /h* /ill 3e resp*nsi3le .*r maj*r +*mp*nents 9eg superinten,entsspe+ialie, in ,re,ging piling tunnelling *r

earth/*rks as re4uire, .*r ea+h parti+ular pr*je+t:

"ppli+ants sh*ul, n*rmall 3e re4uire, t* name a prin+ipal +an,i,ate an, an alternate .*r

ea+h ke p*siti*n Criteria *. a++epta3ilit sh*ul, 3e 3ase, *n=

a minimum num3er *. ears *. eperien+e in a similar p*siti*nQ an,

a minimum num3er *. ears *. eperien+e an,J*r num3er *. +*mpara3le pr*je+ts +arrie,*ut in a spe+i.ie, num3er *. pre+e,ing ears

#he re4uirement *. spe+i.ie, e,u+ati*n an, a+a,emi+ 4uali.i+ati*ns is n*rmall

unne+essar .*r su+h p*siti*ns as +*ntra+t*rs *.ten empl* +*mpetent sta.. /h* hae

learne, their pr*.essi*n L*n the j*3L an, /h* la+k .*rmal 4uali.i+ati*ns

It ma 3e appr*priate t* spe+i. that +ertain p*siti*ns are .ille, 3 in,iSi,uals /h* hae

hel, p*sts *. +*mpara3le auth*rit .*r sa three ears /ith the appli+ant #his is s* that

ke sta..s in ee+utie site p*siti*ns hae su..i+ient kn*/le,ge *. the appli+ants

management p*li+ pr*+e,ures an, pra+ti+es t* a+t /ith +*n.i,en+e an, auth*rit

/ithin that .rame/*rk

44




1:1< $FUIP!$(# C"P"BI)I#I$%

"n inent*r *. +*nstru+ti*n e4uipment represents a high +apital +*st *erhea, t* a

+*ntra+t*r In +*nse4uen+e n*t all +*mpetent p*tential 3i,,ers /ill maintain an inent*r

*. high-alue items that are in suita3le +*n,iti*n .*r maj*r +*ntra+ts In m*st +ases

appli+ants +an rea,il pur+hase lease *r hire e4uipment It is thus usuall unne+essar.*r pre4uali.i+ati*n t* ,epen, *n the +*ntra+t*rs */ning generall aaila3le items *.

e4uipment #he passJ.ail +riteria a,*pte, sh*ul, there.*re 3e limite, *nl t* th*se 3ulk

*r spe+ialie, items that are +riti+al .*r the tpe *. pr*je+t t* 3e implemente, an, /hi+h

ma 3e ,i..i+ult .*r the +*ntra+t*r t* *3tain 4ui+kl

$en in su+h +ases main +*ntra+t*rs ma n*t */n the e4uipmentH rather the ma rel *n

spe+ialist su3+*ntra+t*rs *r e4uipment hire .irms #he aaila3ilit *. the su3+*ntra+t*r

an, the spe+i.ie, e4uipment sh*ul, 3e su3je+t t* eri.i+ati*n 9at the time *.

pre4uali.i+ati*n *r at the time *. 3i,,ing: in su+h +ases

Parti+ular +are is nee,e, in setting passJ.ail +riteria .*r e4uipment 3e+ause *. the ,i..erent

skill leels an, te+hni4ues that +*ntra+t*rs 3ring t* +*nstru+ti*n pr*je+ts '*r eample

hea li.t +apa3ilit ma 3est 3e relate, t* the nee, .*r pla+ing spe+i.ie, items *r .*r

+*nstru+ting +*mp*nents in p*siti*n n*t simpl .*r spe+i.ing

11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

1111111

a +rane rate, at s* man t*ns at its minimum /*rking ra,ius #hus per.*rman+e3ase,

+riteria ma 3e m*re releant

618 'I("(CI") P%I#I(

6181 @eneral In.*rmati*n

Be+ause *. ,i..ering internati*nal a++*unting pra+ti+es an, ta la/s pu3lishe,

in.*rmati*n *n the .inan+ial p*siti*n *. +*mpanies an, .inan+ial rati*s ,erie, the

re.*rm ,* n*t pr*i,e an e4uita3le internati*nal 3asis .*r ealuating the .inan+ial

stan,ing *. +*mpanies .*r pre4uali.i+ati*n purp*ses (eertheless au,ite, .inan+ial

statements *r 3alan+e sheets sh*ul, 3e s*ught as a general gui,e t* the .inan+ial health *.

the appli+ant '*r eample the .inan+ial results *er the last .ie ears ari, the pr*je+ti*n

.*r the .*ll*/ing t/* ears sh*ul, 3e p*sitie C*nsistent l*sses *r a risk *. ins*len+

sh*/n in the a++*unts ma 3e +ause .*r reje+ting the appli+ant45




%*me .irms parti+ularl th*se /h*se shares are tra,e, *n st*+k markets ma justi.ia3l

*3je+t t* pr*i,ing +*n.i,ential .inan+ial pr*je+ti*ns In su+h +ases the *missi*n *. the

in.*rmati*n sh*ul, n*t 3e gr*un,s .*r reje+ting an appli+ant pr*i,e, that *ther .inan+ial

in,i+at*rs are satis.a+t*r

#he pur+haser sh*ul, n*rmall re4uire appli+ants t* pr*i,e the .*ll*/ing 3a+kgr*un,in.*rmati*n t* supp*rt the presentati*n in the appli+ati*n .*rms=

"u,ite, annual .inan+ial statements .*r the last .ie ears supp*rte, 3 au,it statements

*r ta returns 'irms */ne, 3 in,ii,uals an, partnerships ma n*t 3e re4uire, t*

maintain au,ite, a++*unts 3 the la/s *. their +*untries *. *rigin In su+h +ases their

3alan+e sheets sh*ul, 3e +erti.ie, 3 a registere, a++*untant an, supp*rte, 3 ta

returns names an, a,,resses *. the appli+ants 3anker9s: as (ell as the names an,

a,,resses *. in,ii,uals .amiliar /ith their .inan+ial stan,ing

6182 Cash 'l*/ Capa3ilit Re4uirement

#he pur+haser must 3e satis.ie, that the 3i,,ers /ill at the time *. a/ar, hae the

.inan+ial res*ur+es t* implement the pr*je+t satis.a+t*ril Pre4uali.i+ati*n .*ll*/e, 3

up,ating in.*rmati*n /ith the 3i, an, eri.i+ati*n pri*r t* a/ar, *. +*ntra+t are 3*th

ne+essar t* ,etermine the .inan+ial +apa3ilities *. the p*tential +*ntra+t*r

pre4uali.i+ati*n 3eing a preliminar stage in the pr*+ess

#he +ash .l*/ 4uali.ing +riteri*n sh*ul, 3e 3ase, *n the means t* .inan+e .ull the

pur+hasers estimate *. +ash .l*/ .*r 3*th l*+al an, .*reign +urren+ re4uirements .*r

a spe+i.ie, L+riti+alL peri*, "ssuming m*nthl peri*,i+ paments a suggeste, meth*,

*. ,etermining these re4uirements is 3ase, *n a straight line m*nthl +ash .l*/ .*r the

+*ntra+t negle+ting an e..e+ts *. the a,an+e paments an, retenti*n m*nies

Cal+ulating .r*m the 3eginning *. the m*nth in*i+e, the L+riti+alL peri*, is ,etermine,

3 a,,ing a +*ntingen+ peri*, *. *ne t* t/* m*nths t* the +umulatie time peri*,

nee,e, 3 the engineer t* issue the i nterimJm*nthl +erti.i+ate an, the time nee,e, .*r

the pur+haser t* pa the am*unt ,ue ne m*nth +*ntingen+ sh*ul, su..i+e .*r

+umulatie time peri*,s *. three m*nths *r less an, t/* m*nths +*ntingen+ .*r l*nger

peri*,s

#he am*unt estimate, .r*m the a3*e +al+ulati*ns sh*ul, 3e state, in the pre4uali.i+ati*n

,*+uments as the passJ.ail +riteri*n "ppli+ants sh*ul, ,em*nstrate their a++ess t* li4ui,

assets lines *. +re,it unen+um3ere, assets an, *ther .inan+ial means su..i+ient t* meet

46




the spe+i.ie, +ash re4uirement net *. *ther kn*/n +*mmitments at the time *. a/ar,

an, su3je+t t* eri.i+ati*n

1; )I#I@"#I( AI%#R&

Pur+hasers sh*ul, 3e *n their guar, against +*ntra+t*rs /h* res*rt t* e+essie +laims

an, litigati*n as a means t* in+rease in+*me a.ter an a/ar, *. +*ntra+t A*/eer in s*me

+*untries res*rting t* +laims is an esta3lishe, 3usiness pra+ti+e "ppli+ants /ith a

+*nsistent an, signi.i+ant hist*r *. e+essie +*ntra+t ar3itrati*n an, litigati*n resulting

in a/ar,s *r ,e+isi*ns against them sh*ul, n*t 3e 4uali.ie, t* 3i,

%* that the litigati*n hist*r ma 3e ealuate, appli+ants sh*ul, 3e re4uire, t* list all

+*ntra+ts *er a state, num3er *. ears 9n*rmall the last .ie ears: that resulte, inlitigati*n *r ar3itrati*n pr*+ee,ings /ith an in,i+ati*n *. the matters in ,ispute the

parties in*le, the am*unts in ,ispute an, the *ut+*me *. the litigati*n

#he +riteri*n .*r reje+ti*n sh*ul, 3e *ne *. numer*us ar3itral a/ar,s *r +*urt ,e+isi*ns

against the appli+antH .*r instan+e the *++urren+e *. *ne *r t/* +ases *er .ie ears .*r

a +*ntra+t*r han,ling *n aerage ten +*nstru+ti*n j*3s simultane*usl sh*ul, n*t 3e a

+ause .*r reje+ti*n Un,er the 3est *. +ir+umstan+es s*me pr*je+ts Lg* s*urL .*r +auses

su+h as +lash *. pers*nalities *r in+*mpetent management 3 the pur+haser n the *ther

han, i. litigati*n is .*un, relatiel .re4uentl in the 3usiness *. the appli+ant it ma

in,i+ate an attitu,e *. the management *. the .irm /hi+h +*ul, 3e una++epta3l risk .*rthe pur+haser i. the appli+ant /ere a/ar,e, the +*ntra+t

620 C(DI#I(") PR$FU")I'IC"#I(

7hen an appli+ant .ails t* meet s*me *. the 4uali.ing +riteria 3 a small margin the

appli+ant ma 3e L+*n,iti*nall pre-4uali.ie,L that is pre-4uali.ie, su3je+t t* +ertain

spe+i.i+ re4uirements 3eing met su3stantiall pri*r t* a pres+ri3e, ,ea,line su+h as=

the n*ti.i+ati*n *. the results *. the ealuati*n the issuan+e *. an initati*n t* 3i, *r the

su3missi*n *. a 3i, 3 the appli+ant

#he .*ll*/ing tpi+al re4uirements 9inter alia: might justi. L+*n,iti*nal

pre4uali.i+ati*nL=

47




- #he pr*isi*n *. a,,iti*nal a++epta3le +riti+al in.*rmati*nH

- Reisi*ns t* a preliminar j*int enture agreementH

- impr*ing seni*r managementsH

- "++ess t* a spe+ial item *. e4uipmentH

- #he hiring *. eperts in spe+ialie, .iel,sH

- #he appli+ants 4uesti*na3le a3ilit t* un,ertake the pr*p*se, /*rks ,ue t* the

pen,ing a/ar, *. *ther signi.i+ant +*ntra+tsH an,

- #he su3stituti*n *. a +riti+al spe+ialist supplier *r +*lla3*rat*r

621 UPD"#I(@ PR$FU")I'IC"#I( I('R!"#I(

Be+ause +ir+umstan+es ma +hange in the peri*, 3et/een pre4uali.i+ati*n an, the

su3missi*n *. 3i,s +*ntra+ts must 3e a/ar,e, *nl t* 3i,,ers /h* +*ntinue t* meet the

re4uirements .*r pre4uali.i+ati*n #he 3i,,ing ,*+uments sh*ul, spe+i. /hi+h essential

items *. the in.*rmati*n su3mitte, /ith the pre4uali.i+ati*n ,*+ument sh*ul, 3e up,ate,

/ith the 3i, In parti+ular the pur+haser sh*ul, 3e satis.ie, that 3i,,ers +*ntinue t* hae

the re4uire, .inan+ial +apa3ilit

#he pur+haser ma har3*r reas*na3le ,*u3ts a3*ut the era+it *. statements ma,e 3 a

3i,,er I. a per+eie, /eakness +*ul, materiall a..e+t the 3i,,ers +apa3ilit t* per.*rm

the +*ntra+t satis.a+t*ril then the pre4uali.i+ati*n in.*rmati*n sh*ul, 3e eri.ie,

622 PR$FU")I'IC"#I( R$PR#

#he pur+haser sh*ul, ealuate the appli+ati*ns re+eie, an, prepare a rep*rt .*r the

Banks reie/ #he rep*rt sh*ul, a,,ress .*r eer appli+ant ea+h *. the passJ.ail +riteria

set in the ,*+uments Dis4uali.i+ati*n *. appli+ants /h* marginall .ail t* meet the

+riteria sh*ul, 3e highlighte, an, in marginal +ases ,etails sh*ul, 3e su3mitte, #he

Bank ma ask the pur+haser t* justi. the ealuati*n an,J*r re4uest .urther in.*rmati*n *r

+lari.i+ati*n

62E (#I'IC"#I( ' PR$FU")I'IC"#I(

48




".ter the pur+haser has pr*+esse, an, ealuate, the pre4uali.i+ati*n su3missi*ns an,

re+eie, the Banks Ln* *3je+ti*nL t* the results *. the ealuati*n the pur+haser sh*ul,

n*ti. the appli+ants *. the ,e+isi*n

In all +ases the n*ti.i+ati*n sh*ul, in,i+ate that pre4uali.i+ati*n /ill 3e .*ll*/e, 3

eri.i+ati*n at the time *. 3i,,ing an, that 3i,s shall 3e reje+te, 3 the pur+haser at its,is+reti*n i. the eri.i+ati*n is unsatis.a+t*r *r i. the 3i,,er is una3le t* +*n.irm the

spe+i.ie, re4uirements

"ppli+ants sh*ul, 3e a,ise, that *nl .irms an, j*int entures that hae 3een

pre4uali.ie, un,er this .ull pr*+ess /ill 3e eligi3le t* 3i,

#he pur+haser sh*ul, make aaila3le the list *. pre-4uali.ie, 3i,,ers pri*r t* the

issuan+e *. the initati*n t* 3i, in *r,er t* all*/ su3+*ntra+t*rs an, suppliers

9parti+ularl l*+al .irms: t* +*nta+t the pre-4uali.ie, 3i,,ers

:2> I(VI#"#I( # #$(D$R

Initati*ns t* 3i, sh*ul, .*ll*/ as s**n as p*ssi3le a.ter pre-4uali.ie, 3i,,ers hae 3een

n*ti.ie, #he 3i, ,*+uments sh*ul, 3e issue, *nl t* pre-4uali.ie, .irms an, sh*ul, re.er

t* the nee, t* pr*i,e spe+i.ie, up,ate, in.*rmati*n an, an pre-a/ar, eri.i+ati*n

re4uirements

625 PR$FU")I'IC" #I( DCU!$(#"#I(=

6251 !inimum In.*rmati*n '*r Pre4uali.i+ati*n D*+umentati*n

I Balan+e sheet *. the +*mpan giing ears ie t/* ears 3alan+e sheet

2 Beauti.ull printe, 3r*+hure /ith +*l*re, ph*t*graph *. /*rk ee+ute, 3 the

C*mpan

E Brie. resume *. the +*mpan /ith the ,etails *. 3*ar, *. ,ire+t*rs

> Pr*je+ts ee+ute, *er the past .ie ears /ith spe+ial menti*n *. the similar pr*je+ts

i. an

5 Certi.i+ates i. an aaila3le .*r satis.a+t*r ee+uti*n

49




In+*me- #a Certi.i+ate

)egaliati*n *. D*+uments C*mplian+e as per re4uirements --utstan,ing

"+hieements Certi.i+ates

XPr*.ile *. the C*mpan its "ss*+iates

-- )ast E &ears Balan+e %heet

626 PR$C"U#I(%

ne page summer +hart +*ering #e+hni+al .inan+ial *ther .eatures *. similar tpe *.

/*rks

51




52




:2< %#R" #$@ &

53




!eet PF ealuati*n +*mmitteeJC*nsultants t* get in.*rmati*n *n ,*+umentati*n %tu,

ealuati*n marking sstem i. an

"ssess *ur PF-ranki ng am*ngst parti+ipants an, i. epe+te, 3el*/ 6 impr*e *urRanking 3 #V-"ss*+iati*n impr*e, ,*+umentati*n

!eet t*p management +*nsultants an, +*mmittee mem3ers t* eplain p4,*+uments

ph*t*graphs in pers*n t* appre+iate *ur ,*+uments

I,enti. l*+al representatie t* esta3lish +*ntinue, +*nta+ts at all leels

62<1 Pre-Fuali.ing "s " Prime C*ntra+t*r Verses *int Venture

Parti+ipate as a Prime +*ntra+t*r unless likel t* 3e ,is4uali.ie, *ther/ise

&*u enj* m*re .ree,*m *. *perati*n /ith*ut a j*int enture an, /*ul, generall 3e

m*re +*mpetitie in,ii,uall /ith*ut a V

C*nsi,er IV *nl i.=

a: V ass*+iati*n is a must as per l*+al la/s

3: Pri+e pre.eren+e is gien t* l*+al ass*+iate in 3i, ealuati*n

+: C*ntra+t in*les eperien+e in spe+ialie, te+hn*l*g

,: C*ntra+t alue is 3e*n, PF +apa+it in,ii,uall

CA"P#$R <

P)"((I(@ "(D !$#AD)@& ' BIDDI(@ I(#$R("#I(")

C(%#RUC#I( PR$C#%

11 I(#RDUC#I(=

54




9I: #he s+hemati+ ,esigns /here the ,esign team inestigates alternate ,esign s*luti*ns

an, alternate materials an, sstems an,

92: #he ,etaile, ,esign /here the ,esign team ealuates sele+ts an, .inalies the maj*r

sstems an, +*mp*nents *. the pr*je+t

#he ,esign phase als* in+lu,es the preparati*n *. te+hni+al ,*+uments spe+i.i+ati*ns as

/ell as the general +*n,iti*ns #he pr*je+ts s+he,ule an, 3u,get +*ntinue t* 3e

,eel*pe, an, m*nit*re, ,uring this phase

#he pr*je+t pr*+urement phase is the time /hen the pr*je+t .*rmall transiti*ns .r*m

,esign preparati*n int* +*nstru+ti*n preparati*n #his phase in+lu,es the 3i,,ing an,

a/ar, pr*+ess #he pr*je+ts s+he,ule an, 3u,get are .inalie, in this phase

#he +*nstru+ti*n phase presents the a+tual phsi+al +*nstru+ti*n *. the pr*je+t #his

phase 3egins /ith the m*3iliati*n t* the site then the implementati*n an, .inall en,s

3 the pr*je+t +l*se*ut #he su++ess.ul +*mpleti*n *. a +*nstru+ti*n pr*je+t re4uires a

th*r*ugh un,erstan,ing *. all stages an, phases *. the pr*je+t an, +an 3e enhan+e,

thr*ugh integrati*n *. ,esign an, +*nstru+ti*n ,uring the pre-+*nstru+ti*n stage

-==12 P)"((I(@ 'R BIDDI(@

<21 Pre-#en,er "+tiities

" %tu , #en,er D*+uments

!ake *ut a +hart *. @e*graphi+al l*+ati*n *. /*rk ehi3iting 3r*a, 4uantities

)*+ati*ns

%u mmarie %+*pe *. /*rk Fuantities i,enti.ing maj*r items *. /*rk

spe+i.i+ati*ns 9"nne:

%ummarie imp*rtant C*mmer+ial +*n,iti*ns %tu, BF '*rmat -Brie.ing (*te

9"nne:

)i st *ut am3iguit +*ntra,i+ti*ns BF in 3i, ,*+uments .*r Bi,,ers C*n.eren+e

56




Che+k up #ranslati*n a++ura+ *. imp*rtant +lause i. 3i, ,*+ument is in *ther th an

$nglish language

B !"K$ " BRI$'I(@ (#$

!ake *ut a Brie.ing n*te *n the ten,er +*ering items as per "nne Put up the 3rie.ing

n*te t* the management

Dis+uss imp*rtant issues *. the pr*je+t an, alternatie meth*,*l*gies an, .inalie

,e+isi*ns *n all imp*rtant issues .*r .urther pr*+essing

C 'I$)D I(V$%#I@"#I(

De+i,e #eam %ie .*r inestigati*n

)ist *ut Items *.In.*rmati*n .*r +*lle+ti*n %tan,ar,ie Data .*rmat C*nta+t pers*ns

C*lle+t Data n -

+: 7*rking C*n,iti*ns Restri+ti*ns Imp*rts Duties

,: Climati+ C*n,iti*ns

e: )*+al )a/s -)a3*r Cust*m Duties

.: #aati*n -C*rp*rate In,ii,ual

g: Insuran+e -7*rk Pers*nal an, !arine

h: Banking - Curren+ ,ealuati*n #ren,

i: )*+al-%upplies #ransp*rtati*n an, su3 +*ntra+t*rs

j: 'a+t*rs a..e+ting C*sts meth*, *. /*rking

D $%#I!"#I( ' C%#

!aterials $4uipments perati*n As C*st $stimati*n in #hree Curren+ies57




!aterials=

a: )*+al In,ian #hir, +*untr .r*m BF

3: '*r temp*rar 7*rks -C*nstru+ti*n !eth*,s

+: '*r In.rastru+ture C*nsultants 'a+ilities

a: 2: $4uipments

3: De+i,e list +apa+it s*ur+e timings 3ase, *n meth*,*l*g peri*, *.

+*nstru+ti*n

3: 7*rk *ut @r*ss ,epre+iati*n +*sts

+: C*nsuma3les .*r *perati*ns spares .*r maintenan+e

,: Pr*.it M Cash pr*.it X Un ,epre+iate, +*sts

e: 7hen t* hire -+*stl sh*rt peri*,

.: %mall items temp*rar stru+ture /ith n* salage alue t* 3e .ull +harge,

E: )a3*ur

a: Details *. +ateg*r num3er peri*,

3: "ssess m*3iliati*n s+he,ule

+: De+i,e pr*,u+ti it n*rms--)*+al In,ian la3*r

,: '*r l*+al la3*r-Pr*i,e transp*rt t* site *er time s*+ial se+urit et+

e: '*r In,ian )a3*r-Pr*i,e "ir trael a++*mm*,ati*n .**, return ant interme,iate air

passage re+reati*n !e,i+al .a+ilities an, +*n+essi*nal messing et+

>: erhea,s Pr*.it

a:

58




Bank @uarantee

3:

Insuran+e

+:

$C@C

,:

!aintenan+e

e:

"gen+ +*mmissi*n

.:

AF A $ penses

g:

%uperisi*n

h:

'inan+ing +*sts

i:

)i4ui,ate, ,amages

j:

#aes

k:

C*ntingen+ies

I:

Pr*.it

m: thers 9spe+i.:

59




$ Curren+ Variati*n $s+alati*n

"nale +urren+ ariati*n *. s*ur+e +*untries *. materials e4uipment #ake 3ankers

a,ise as ne+essar

"nal e es+alati*n +*sts *. l*+al +*untr an, +*untr *. s*ur+e *. pr*+urement *.

materials an, e4uipments

' Bar Chart

'*r in h*use 3ar +hart in,i+ate m*nthl an, +umulatie 4uantities an, ma ,ail *utput

.*r ea+h items *. BF /ith an, +apa+it num3er *. e4uipments

Item /ise su3+*ntra+t*r /ise Bar Chart

D*e tail this /ith *er all Bar Chart

Utilie this .*r assessment *. m*nthl la3*r re4uirements an, pl*t Aist*gram .*r la3*r

sta..

@ Cash 'l*/

Prepare *erall +ash .l*/ +hart Prepare +urren+ /ise +ash .l*/ +hart

er,ra.t t* 3e restri+te, t* 10 *. CV 9in e+epti*nal +ases it ma e+ee, t* 15 ma:

Pr*i,e .*r ,elas in paments )Damages Pr*i,e .*r +*sts .*r E m*nths time *errun

Pr*i,e .*r .inan+ing +harges i. an

<E !$!B$R%AIP ' CCI I P$PC

In 1;8> @*ernment *. In,ia /ith the ,epartments relate, t* ep*rt /*rks like

Department *. $+*n*mi+ "..airs Department *. +*mmer+e !inistr *. C*mmer+e

!inistr *. 'inan+e an, ari*us agen+ies like $OI! Bank RBI $C@C ,e+i,e, t*

60




- T* /llieAIVlIal SIVI QII USUUII rlt=Sl==

3egin /ith erseas C*nstru+ti*n C*un+il *. In,ia #his +*un+il /as primaril starte, .*r

pr*m*ting Pr*je+t $p*rts *. In,ia #he +*mpan /h* is intereste, in Pr*je+t $p*rts

shall *3tain the mem3ership *. aCeI an, get the Pr*je+t $p*rt C*,e

<> 7RKI(@ @RUp

" multi-instituti*nal 7*rking @r*up has 3een +*nstitute, +*nsisting *. $im In,ia

$C@C Resere Bank *. In,ia @*ernment *. In,ia /hi+h a++*r,s +learan+e .*r

ep*rt +*ntra+ts

#he 7*rking @r*up !e+hanism .*r pr*i,ing +learan+es .*r ep*rt *. +apital

engineering g**,s an, in,ustrial manu.a+ture turnke an, +iil +*nstru+ti*n pr*je+ts an,

+*nsultan+ seri+es *n +ashJ ,e.erre, pament intr*,u+e, in ul 1;<5 /as prealent

till !a 2000 /hen RBI amen,e, the gui,elines *n Pr*je+ts an, %eri+es $p*rts In

terms *. these ne/ gui,elines re4uirement *. pre-3i, +learan+e .*r su3missi*n *. 3i,s

.*r ee+uting pr*je+t ep*rt +*ntra+ts an, ep*rts *n ,e.erre, pament terms has 3een

,ispense, /ith #he ,elegati*n *. p*/ers .*r p*st-a/ar, +learan+e *. pr*je+t ep*rt

+*ntra+ts has als* 3een reise,

D$)$@"#I( ' P7$R%;

#a3le (*= <1 P*st "/ar, Clearan+e *. $p*rts C*ntra+t=

#UR(K$& C(%#RUC#I( "(D %UPP)& BID% I C(#R"C#%=

= %+he,ule, C*mmer+ial Banks

= $im In,ia

=H = 7*rking @r*up

%$RVIC$% BID% I C(#R"C#%=

61




( C"%A #$R!%=

1>

= %+he,ule, C*mmer+ial Banks

= $im In,ia

= 7*rking @r*up

= 7*rking @r*up

7RKI(@ @RUP 'R PR$C# $OPR#10

'ig <2= C*mp*siti*n *. 7*rking @r*up

$im In,ia seres as the .*+al p*int an, the %e+retariat t* the 7*rking @r*up !eetings

*. the 7*rking @r*up are atten,e, 3 $im In,ia $C@C an, RBI #he +*n+erne,

pr*je+t ep*rters an, their 3ankers are als* ass*+iate, /ith the meetings In +ase *.

spe+ial pr*je+ts an, +*ntra+ts *. high alue representati es *. @*ernment *. In,ia

9!inistr *. 'inan+e C*mpan "..airs !inistr *. C*mmer+e In,ustr: are als*

inite, t* parti+ipate in the meetings

#en,ering "n, Bi,,ing Internati*nal C*nstru+ti*n Pr*je+ts

(lC!"R

<>1 Vari*us se+t*rs *. Pr*je+t $p*rts CCI pr*i,es seri+es t*=

= "gri+ulture (atural Res*ur+es

I 'isheries

2 Irrigati*n Rural Deel*pment

E "gr* In,ustries

> C*mmer+ial 'arming

62




= $nerg

I $le+tri+

2 #hermal

E (atural @as il

= $nir*nment

I (*n +*nenti*nal s*ur+es

= In,ustr

1 !etals !inerals

2 Chemi+alsJ Petr*+hemi+als .uels .ertilisers pharma+euti+als

=

%*+ial In.rastru+ture

I

$,u+ati*n

2

Ur3an Deel*pment

E

A*using

>

Aealth P*pulati*n

5

63




7ater %uppl %anitati*n

= #ransp*rt C*mmuni+ati*n

I R*a,s R*a, #ransp*rt

2 P*rts %hipping

E Rail/as

= C*nsultan+

= !ulti-se+t*r

<5 PRC$DUR$% "(D R$FUIR!$(#% 'R PR$C# $OPR# CD$=

".ter 3e+*ming a mem3er *. CCIIP$PC the pr*je+t +*mpan +ar register its name .*r

getting a Pr*je+t $p*rt C*,e @etting the P$C is the .irst step *. the ep*rter +*mpan

in the 3usiness *. pr*je+t ep*rts It is rather n*t an eas task t* a+hiee a P$C .r*m the

auth*rie, @*t agen+

#he +*mpan re+eies .*rms an, ,*+uments .r*m the +*un+il a.ter stu,ing the

,*+uments +*mpan miht hae t* un,er* l*t *. +hanes in ari*us areas It might

3 3 Q

3e in the *rganiati*n stru+ture t*p *r mi,,le management leels +an re4uire, t* 3e

m*,i.ie, like re+ruiting eperien+e pe*ple *r ne/ m*re 4uali.ie, pe*ple #he +*mpan

might re4uire a gl*3all a++epte, internati*nal stan,ar, .*r sh*/ing that sstem *.

/*rking is transparent an, as per internati*nal n*rms #he m*st ,i..i+ult task is t*

implement +hange management er +are.ull Change in an kin, *. sstem *. /*rking

is al/as pain.ul as pe*ple are 3een /*rking in that sstem .*r ears %* it 3e+*mes a

s*rt *. *rganiati*n +ulture .*r eer*ne

%+reening C*mmittee *. the In,ustr "ss*+iati*ns /hi+h /ill ,etermine an, implement

n*rms .*r In,ian pr*je+t ep*rters In this +*ntet the %+reening C*mmittee ma

+*nsi,er taking int* a++*unt aspe+ts su+h as=

I% Certi.i+ati*ns

64




"aila3ilit *. traine, an, +erti.ie, /*rkmen

'inan+ial stan,ing

"aila3ilit *. +*nstru+ti*n plant an, ma+hiner

!*e /*ul, ensure the setting up *. su+h a me+hanism t* ensure that pr*je+t ep*rters are

.a+ilitate, un,er ari*us supp*rt pr*grammes #he s+reening +*mmittee .r*m CCI J

P$PC is the *ne /h* ,eals /ith +*mpanies /h* are intereste, in a+4uiring the P$C #he

s+reening +*mmittee anale the ,*+uments an, the sstem *. /*rking s* that /hen an

In,ian +*mpan g*es a3r*a, in .uture .*r per.*rming pr*je+t shall 3e a3le t* .ul.ill the

+*ntra+tual +*n,iti*ns %u++ess.ul implementati*n *. /hateer pr*je+ts a +*mpan gets is

the m*st imp*rtant issue as the .uture tra,e *. In,ian pr*je+t ep*rts entirel ,epen,s

up*n the past re+*r,s *. su++ess.ul pr*je+ts #he +*mpan earns reputati*n an, market

alue 3 the 3etter per.*rman+es in the ee+uti*n *. pr*je+ts Keeping all these issues

eligi3ilit +riteria is set 3 the %C s* that 3 the time +*mpan has applie, .*r P$C %C

+an ealuate it th*r*ughl in all p*ssi3le aspe+ts #hese +riteria are n*t aaila3le /ith an

s*ur+e

%+*pe *. %+reening C*mmittee is limite, t* pr*je+t an, seri+es ep*rts an, ,*es n*t

etent t*/ar,s material suppl +*ntra+ts %C has three +ateg*ries .*r +learan+es ie a

+*mpan +an get P$C .*r three +ateg*ries /hi+h are as .*ll*/s=

IPri me +*ntra+t*r

I)%u3-+*ntra+t*r t* .*reign prime +*ntra+t*r

II)%u3-+*ntra+t*r t* In,ian prime +*ntra+t

<%1 Basis *. +learan+es *. %C=

Clearan+e is gien *n a spe+i.i+ alue 3asis *r .*r regular *perati*ns #he +learan+e is

3ase, *n W1] tra+k re+*r, *. the +*mpan /ithin the +*untr W2] .inan+ial status as

turn*er 3alan+e sheet re+*r, *. ta paments l*an status pr*.its et+ 9E: management

epertise W>] In-h*use +apa3ilit

W1] #ra+k re+*r, *. the +*mpan is er imp*rtant as it gies the 3etter pi+ture *. past

per.*rman+e *. the +*mpan present s+enari* *. +urrent pr*je+t an, .uture pr*spe+ts

plan .*r gr*/th

65




W2] 'inan+ial status generall ,epen,s up*n turn*er 3alan+e sheet re+*r, *. ta

paments l*an status pr*.its et+ #he 3etter pi+ture in this aspe+t al/as helps the

+*mpan an, re,u+es hur,les t* get the P$e

WE] !anagement epertise *. the +*mpan is the a+tual pillar .*r sm**th .un+ti*ning *. it

#he %C analses the *rganiati*n stru+ture *rganiati*n +ulture ,e+isi*n +apa+it *. t*pmanagement et+

W>] In-h*use +apa3ilities +*ul, 3e the +*mpanies in-h*use ,esign ,epartment +*ntra+ts

,epartment +*nsultan+ seri+es resear+h an, ,eel*pment ,epartment et+

#he +*mpan ,*es n*t re4uire the appr*al *. %C i. the +*ntra+ts I su3-+*ntra+ts are

/*rth less than E Cr "n +*ntra+t /*rth m*re than Rs ECr re4uires the +learan+e .r*m

%+reening C*mmittee

<52 Categ*ries I $ligi3ilit Criteria '*r P$C=

I !em3ership grante, in +ateg*r in /hi+h the +*mpan nee,s ie

a C*nstru+ti*n +*ntra+ts $ngineering Pr*+urement an, C*nstru+ti*n +*ntra+ts .*r

ep*rts

3 C*nsultan+ seri+es .*r ep*rts

+ $p*rt *. 3uil,ing an, +*nstru+ti*n materials

2 "ppli+ati*n su3missi*n

a %tu, an, .illing in in.*rmati*n in the .*rms er +are.ull

3 %u3missi*n *. pres+ri3e, .*rms t* +*un+il

TT TT Q 1 T r T TT T=

, Paing .ees .*r annual mem3ership W mem3ership is .*r 5 rs]

e C*mpan 3e+*mes a mem3er *. the +*un+il

. Regular in.*rmati*n up,ate .r*m +*un+il

g !eeting /ith the +*mpanies *n spe+ial issues

h Pr*m*ti*nal measures .*r intereste, area *. the +*mpan

66




#"B)$ ( <2 '$$ %#RUC#UR$ ' #A$ CU(CI) 'R #A$ ClSlP"(I$%=

#a3le (* <21 '*r C*nstru+ti*n $PC #urnke Pr*je+ts

%r

Value *. pr*je+ts

"nnual mem3ership .ee

",missi*n .ees

n*

r

Upt* 25 Cr

25000

ta

2

\25 Cr

E0000

10000

E

\250 Cr

50000

10000

#a3le (* <22 '*r C*nsultan+ %eri+es

67




%r

Value *. pr*je+ts


",missi*n .ees

n*

1

Upt* 50 )a+

5000

2000

2

\50 )a+

10000

2000

E

\01 Cr

20000

2000

>

\05 Cr

25000

2000

68




#a3le (* <2E !anu.a+tures=

%r

Value *. pr*je+ts


",missi*n .ees

n*

1

Upt* 25 )a+

2000

2000

2

\25 )a+

E000

2000

\50 )a+

E

5000

69




2000

\ICr

>

<000

2000

\05 Cr

5

12500

2000

\10 Cr

6

15000

2000

70




I #he +*un+il has .a+ilit 3 /hi+h a +*mpan +an 3e+*me a li.e mem3er *. the +*un+il

#he .ee stru+ture ,epen,s as per the +ase ma 3e #h*ugh the +*mpan gets the li.e

mem3ership 3ut a.ter eer gien peri*, shall un,erg* the same pr*+e,ure .*r rene/al

*. the Pr*je+t ep*rt +*,e #he purp*se 3ehin, rene/ing the P$C is t* +*n.irm *r assure

+*nsisten+ in per.*rman+e ,uring the peri*, *. 5rs C*mpan +an un,erg* man *r

maj*r +hanges it is t* ensure the +*un+il tha= +hanges hae n* impa+t *n the

per.*rman+e

<5E CRI#$RI"=

= #he +*mpan must 3e a mem3er *. aCeI J P$PC

= #he +*mpan +an 3e *. +ertain nature ie Pu3li+ )t, *r Priate )t, *r a @*tun,ertaking J ,epartment like pu3li+ se+t*rs

= It must hae net /*rth as .*ll*/s=

#a3le n* <E Re4uirements *. CCI .*r +*ntra+t*rs=

%r

Des+ripti*n

(et /*rth

n*

in WRs]

1

Prime +*ntra+t*r

5000000

71




2

%u3-+*ntra+t*r t* .*reign prime +*ntra+t*r

2500000

E

%u3-+*ntra+t*r t* In,ian prime +*ntra+t*r

1000000

%.

Des+ripti*n

$perien+e

n*

1

Prime +*ntra+t*r

\ 10 &rs

2

%u3-+*ntra+t*r t* .*reign prime +*ntra+t*r

72




\< &rs

E

%u3-+*ntra+t*r t* In,ian prime +*ntra+t*r

\ E &rs

= #he ne/l .*rme, +*mpanies must hae *ne *. the partner /ith min *. 10 rs

eperien+e as entrepreneur

<5> %+reening Pr*+e,ure=

I %u3mit 10 +*pies *. appli+ati*n in pres+ri3e, .*rm t* the +*un+il

2 CCIIP$PC /ill s+rutinie supplement ,ata an, su3mit t* mem3ers *. %+reening

C*mmittee

E %+reening +*mmittee /ill grant +learan+e 3 reie/ing .*ll*/ing p*ints=

I C*nstituti*n *. the B*ar, *. Dire+t*rs *. the +*mpan ie +he+king the 3a+kgr*un,

releant eperien+e an, 4uali.i+ati*n

11 #ra+k re+*r, *. the +*mpan

iii $p*sure t* the +*mpans management an, pers*nnel in ,ealing /ith

internati*nal *rganiati*ns an, internati*nal spe+i .i+ati*ns

i Fuali.i+ati*ns an, releant eperien+e *. Ke Pers*nnel in the ,*+ument

'inan+ial +*n,iti*n *. the +*mpan /hi+h in+lu,es turn*er lia3ilit 3ank l*ans

share alue in the market Wi. an] pai, up +apital +*mmitment t*/ar,s paments *. ta

an, ,uties in prei*us ,ealings

VI "ppr*a+h t*/ar,s entering internati*nal markets strateg .*r marketing

VlI In.*rmati*n sstems the +*mpan has ,eel*pe, *r the a,*pte, in.*rmati*n

sstem an, its sm**th .un+ti*ning

V111 "3ilit *. the +*mpan t* .ur3ish in.*rmati*n re4uire, 3 .*reign instituti*n

IO Details *. plant an, e4uipments */ne, 3 the +*mpan

73




(#$= #he +*mplete in.*rmati*n *. the regulati*n +an 3e taken .r*m RBI *r it is als*

aaila3le *n internet

#he general step 3 step pr*+e,ure .*r ep*rts=

I De+larati*n as regar,s ep*rt *. g**,s an, seri+es

2 $empti*ns

E In,i+ati*n *. imp*rter-ep*rter +*,e num3er

> "uth*rit t* /hi+h ,e+larati*n is t* 3e .urnishe, an, the manner *. ,ealing /ith the

,e+larati*n

a De+larati*n in '*rm @R%D'

3 De+larati*n in '*rm PP

+ De+larati*n in '*rm %'#$O

5 $i,en+e in supp*rt *. ,e+larati*n

6 !anner *. pament *. ep*rt alue *. g**,s

< Peri*, /ithin /hi+h ep*rt alue *. g**,sJs*.t/are t* 3e realise,

8 $p*rt *n $l*ngate, Cre,it #erms

; %u3missi*n *. ep*rt ,*+uments

10 #rans.er *. ,*+uments

11 Pament .*r the $p*rt

12 Certain $p*rts re4uiring pri*r appr*al

a $p*rt *. g**,s *n lease hire et+

3 $p*rts un,er tra,e agreementJrupee +re,it et+

+ C*unter #ra,e

1E Dela in Re+eipt *. Pament

1> ",an+e pament against ep*rts

74




15 Issue *. ,ire+ti*ns 3 Resere Bank in +ertain +ases

<6 $OPR# PR!#I(

<61 $sta3lishment . Pr*je+t $p*rts Pr*m*ti*n C*un+illl

Pr*je+t $p*rts Pr*m*ti*n C*un+il 9P$PC: /hi+h a+ts as an ape *rganiati*n .*r

enhan+ing pr*je+t ep*rts

#his 3*, +*ul, als* help e*le pr*-a+tie appr*a+hes t* a++ess timel in.*rmati*n

#his /ill 3e an aut*n*m*us 3*, an, the main .un+ti*n *. the 3*, /*ul, t* +reate an

e..e+tie snerg am*ng In,ian !issi*ns @I $OI! In,ia $C@C In,ustr

"ss*+iati*ns an, C*mmer+ial Banks t* ensure earl i,enti.i+ati*n *. pr*je+ts

intelligen+e +*lle+ti*n e..e+tie in.*rmati*n ,isseminati*n t* intereste, pr*je+t

ep*rters #he e4uit +*ntri3uti*n .*r +reati*n *. this 3*, /*ul, +*me .r*m

@*ernment In,ustrJIn,ustr "ss*+iati*ns an, Instituti*ns

<62 %tru+ture . #he Pr*je+ts $p*rts Pr*m*ti*n C*un+il

#he Pr*je+ts $p*rts Pr*m*ti*n C*un+il /*ul, 3e hea,e, 3 a Dire+t*r @eneral /h*

/*ul, 3e a permanent initee *. the Aigh P*/ere, %tan,ing C*mmittee #he

C**r,inating "gen+ /ill in+lu,e ,iisi*ns t* han,le C*nsultan+ an, #e+hn*l*g

Deel*pment #his C*un+il /ill +**r,inate e..*rts /ith the Pr*je+t 'a+ilitati*n Cells *.

the In,ian !issi*ns a3r*a,


(IC!"R

<6E Re+*mmen,e, Instituti*nal C*er,tnati*nr

15

IA@A7V$=)

s#S -HlA(@

75




+lSt! rrnm ( PR)+r $LOPRrs

W%$trun--Rt" -r

T H

PR$C# $OPR#% PR!#LWF( CL(C) QC9:1IDl(" #I(e "@l(C&:

l

---=LLL=- T TT

-i---------------Q--t- TT

I

)

I

i

i

I

1

I i

I

l

76




S

'ig (*= <E= Re+*mmen,e, Instituti*nal C**r,inati*n

$OI! In,ia /ill pla an instrumental r*le as +urrent .*+al p*int an, %e+retariat t* the

7*rking @r*up !e+hanism 0= pr*m*ting pr*je+t ep*rts in the .*rmati*n *. P$PC /iththe help *. @*ernment an, In,ustr #he C**r,inating "gen+ /*ul, a,,ress ari*us

issues in+lu,ing=

1 !arket Intelligen+e= #imel i,enti.i+ati*n *. internati*nal pr*je+t *pp*rtunities

2 Data3ase maintenan+e= !aintaining up-t*-,ate ,ata3ase *. *rganiati*ns an,

spe+ialists in ari*us .iel,s engineering +apital g**,s supplies +*ntra+ting pr*je+t

management .inan+ial enir*nmental an, s*+ial

EPr*m*ti*nal "+tiities= #he .a+ilitating 3*, /*ul, a+tiel engage in pr*m*ti*nal

a+tiities t* pr*je+t the image *. In,ia a3r*a, #hese /*ul, in+lu,e *rganising r*a,

sh*/sJ presentati*ns 3ringing *ut pu3li+ati*ns *n the +apa3ilities *. +*mpanies

*rganising .*reign missi*ns net/*rking /ith .un,ing agen+ies in,ustr ass*+i ati*ns

> Centralise, Data3ase= #he C**r,inating "gen+ /ill esta3lish an, m*nit*r a

+entralise, ,ata3ase *n In,ias a++re,ite, en,*rs supplies +*ntra+t*rs an, +*nsultants

%u+h a ,ata3ase /*ul, 3e ,istri3ute, in ari*us #ra,e an, In,ustrial 'airs an, thr*ugh

In,ian missi*ns t* enhan+e a/areness *. In,ias epertise

5 C*ns*rtia "ppr*a+h t*/ar,s pr*je+t ep*rts /*ul, 3e gien an impetus 3 P$PC t*

help impr*e pr*spe+ts *. se+uring +*ntra+ts thr*ugh p**ling *. skills eperien+e

epertise an, .inan+ial an, te+hni+al stan,ings P$PC /*ul, als* plaa ke r*le *n

3ehal. *. in,ustr in +reating an ena3ling enir*nment t* .a+ilitate se+uring *.

su3+*ntra+ts +reati*n *. re.eren+e lists as als* parti+ipati*n /ith .*reign +*mpanies as

prime +*ntra+t*rs ass*+iates mem3ers *. a +*ns*rtia an, su3-+*ntra+t*rs

6 P$PC /*ul, seek t* pr*m*te ep*rt *. +apital g**,sJ un,ertaking *. #urnke

C*ntra+ts .*r the pr*je+ts 3eing set a3r*a, /hi+h are ,epen,ent *n In,ia 3 /a *.e4uit parti+ipati*n 3 In,ian pr*m*ters *r suppl *. ra/ material .r*m In,ia *r 3u3a+k

*. .inal pr*,u+ts P$PC /*ul, assist In,ian +*mpanies in i,enti.ing target markets ,ul

.a+t*ring in a,antages *. ge*graphi+al pr*imit g**,/ill an, tra,iti*nal linkages

%pe+ial emphasis ma 3e pr*i,e, t* regi*ns su+h as %""RC

77




<6> R*le . $OI! Bank '*r Pr*m*ting Pr*je+t $p*rts=

$im Bank has 3een +l*sel ass*+iate, /ith the gr*/th *. pr*je+t ep*rts .r*m In,ia 3

/a *. pr*i,ing .inan+e in.*rmati*n an, 3usiness a,is*r seri+es #he 3ank supp*rtsIn,ian +*mpanies at all stages *. the pr*je+t ++le .r*m a,an+e ten,er in.*rmati*n

gui,an+e in preparati*n *. +*mpetitie 3i,s t* pr*i,ing .inan+ial .a+ilities in+lu,ing

l*ans an, guarantees

#he 3ank eten,s .un,e, an, n*n-.un,e, .a+ilities .*r *erseas in,ustrial turnke

pr*je+ts +iil +*nstru+ti*n +*ntra+ts as /ell as te+hni+al an, +*nsultan+ seri+e

+*ntra+ts $im Bank has in pla+e a spe+ialise, +ell t* pr*i,e a,an+e in.*rmati*n t*

In,ian +*mpanies *n pr*je+ts 3eing .un,e, 3 multilateral .un,ing agen+ies in ari*us

+*untries

#he re+ent )ines *. Cre,it 9)Cs: signe, 3 $im Bank /ith a num3er *. +*untries

pr*i,e .*r .inan+ing spe+i.i+ pr*je+ts instea, *. pr*je+t ep*rts $amples in+lu,e

rail/a line pr*je+t in "ng*la !*am3i4ue an, !anmarH +ri+ket sta,ium in @uana

r*a, net/*rk in !anmar ele+tri.i+ati*n pr*je+ts in %u,an an, @hanaH +ement plant in

Dji3*utiH ele+tri.i+ati*n pr*je+t in %uriname an, "er3aijan #his /ill .a+ilitate ep*rt *.

pr*je+ts t* a num3er *. ne/ +*untries

During the hal. ear en,e, "pril-%ep 200> 9.*r /hi+h $im Bank has a++*r,e,

p*sta/ar, appr*al an,J*r has +*mmitte, .un,e, an,J*r n*n-.un,e, .a+ilities: 2E2

+*ntra+ts alue, at Rs E;;5 +r*re /ere se+ure, in >; +*untries 3 128 ep*rters as

against <> +*ntra+ts alue, at Rs >;>8 +r*re se+ure, ,uring "pril-%eptem3er 200E 3 56

ep*rters in E1 +*untries1E

lVl$#AD)@& ' BIDDI(@ I(#$R("#I(") C(%#RUC#I( PR$C#%

ne *r m*re sp*ns*rs t* +reate %p

%p*ns*r t* in+lu,e-

a: !aj*r $ngn C*nstr Cs e4uipment %upplier

3: %p*ns*r als* a+t as 3uil,er *. pr*je+t

+: Pr*je+t +* ma in+lu,e a Prime $4uit Inest*r an,J*r min*rit

e4uit parti+ipati*n 3 g*t

78




Pr*je+t +*-Raise 3ulk .inan+ing .*r the pr*je+t .r*m +*mmer+ial len,er an,J*r 'inan+ial

Instituti*n-supp*rte, 3 $eC agen+

'inan+ing generall *n ((-Re+*urse 3asis ie )en,er /ill hae ( .inan+ial

re+*urse .*r repament *. l*an either 3 sp*ns*r Jshare h*l,er *r h*st g*t

Re+*urse is limite, t* Pr*je+t C* its assets in+lu,ing real estate plant e4uipment

+*ntra+tual rights per.*rman+e B*n, insuran+e g*t guarantees i. an

Pr*je+t +* /ill */n an, *perate the .a+ilit .*r a limite, peri*, *. 15 t* E0 ears till

pa*.. *. ,e3ts an, pr*i,e a reas*na3le return *n $4uit

"t the en, *. the C*n+essi*n Peri*, the pr*je+t +* /ill trans.er the pr*je+t t* the h*st

@*t

P*liti+al $+*n*mi+ un+ertainties in ,eel*ping +*untries are main *3sta+les .*r Risks

in B# Pr*je+ts

"lternatie #e+hni4ues *. 7*rk $e+uti*n

$tent *. l*+al *r h*me +*untr su3-+*ntra+ting rganiati*n .*r ee+uti*n in .iel,

AF %e4uen+e *. *perati*ns inter ,epen,en+ies B"RCA"R#

"nalsis *. pr*per +*st %tu, BF an, ,e+i,e .i nal alue *. 3i, %tu, imp*rtant

+lauses in internati*nal +*ntra+t

<;1 D$%I@( B)I@"#I(

I. a +*ntra+t*r is t* 3e resp*nsi3le .*r the +*mpleti*n *. the +*nstru+ti*n /*rks /ithin a

.ie, pri+e an, time then the +*ntra+t*r nee,s t* hae +*ntr*l *er a num3er *. aspe+ts

*. the /*rk 3i*usl the +*ntra+t*r /ill pri+e .*r the resp*nsi3ilit /hi+h it takes *n

#hus i. at the *utset there is a pr*perl +*nsi,ere, per.*rman+e spe+i.i+ati*n .*r the-

pr*je+t the +*ntra+t*r /ill 3e a3le t* ,esign Dr pr*+ure the ,esign an, take resp*nsi3ilit

.*r that ,esign A*/eer the sp*ns*r must a*i, inter.ering /ith the ,etaile, ,esign

*ther than in haing a m*nit*ring r*le #hus /hilst it is 4uite +*mm*n .*r the sp*ns*r t*app*int an in,epen,ent +*nsultant t* m*nit*r an, in,ee, t* hae p*/ers *. *3je+ti*n t*

the +*ntra+t*rs ,esign the in.luen+e is passie ie a right *. *3je+ti*n rather than a+tual

,esign *. /*rks

Un,er $nglish +*n+epts *. la/ /here a +*ntra+t*r has a ,esign *3ligati*n there is an

implie, term that the , sign /ill 3e .it .*r its purp*se (*rmall +*nsultants *nl hae an

79




*3ligati*n t* use all ,ue pr*.essi*nal skill +are an, ,iligen+e 3ut the ,* n*t guarantee

that the ,esign /ill 3e .it .*r its purp*se #hus /here a ,esigner has n*t 3een negligent

3ut the ,esign ,*es n*t a+tuall a+hiee that /hi+h /as *riginall inten,e, the

+*nsultant ma /ell hae n* lia3ilit

Designs .*r these tpes *. pr*je+ts ten, t* 3e trie, an, teste, alth*ugh the a+tual use *rmeth*, *. +*nstru+ti*n ma 3e inn*atie #his re,u+es a su3stantial area *. risk s* .ar

as the +*ntra+t*r is +*n+erne, as /ell as haing the a,,e, a,antage *. assuring the

.un,ing instituti*ns an, inest*rs that the /ill n*t 3e the pr*u, */ners *. a L/hite

elephantL

In s* .ar as the sp*ns*r ma /ish t* hae ariati*ns it is n*rmall the resp*nsi3ilit *.

the +*ntra+t*r t* ,esign su+h ariati* ns an, i. it 3eliees that these /ill hae an a,erse

e..e+t up*n the +*mplete, /*rk s it must hae the right t* *3je+t t* them

In 3rie. there.*re the sp*ns*r /ill hae resp*nsi3ilit .*r the ,esign 3rie. an,

per.*rman+e spe+i.i+ati*n an, it /ill 3e .*r the +*ntra+t*r t* meet th*se +riteria In +ases

/here the +*ntra+t*r +arries *ut ,esin there nee,s t* 3e s*me in,epen,ent

t==-

,esign au,it #here is little purp*se in ea+h *. the sp*ns*r @*ernment an, .un,ing

institute their */n in,epen,ent +he+ker @*ernments are *.ten un/illing t* pa .*r anin,epen,ent au,it an, et re+*r, this t* 3e ,*ne "++*r,ingl *ne +*mpr*mise is .*r the

sp*ns*r t* pa .*r the seri+es *. an in,epen,ent +*nsultant ari, .*r th*se seri+es t* 3e

ren,ere, primaril .*r the 3ene.it *. @*ernment

#he +*ntra+t*r ma*r ma n*t 9,epen,ing up*n the *erall ealuati*n *. risk: 3e

all*/e, etensi*ns *. time .*r ,elas 3 the in,epen,ent

+he+ker %imilar

pr*isi*ns ma eist .*r an in,epen,ent au,it as t* 4ualit +*ntr*l 3i*usl 4ualit+*ntr*l is *. interest t* all parties 7hilst this has al/as 3een the +ase the a3ilit t*

a+hiee it ,epen,s up*n the 4ualit an, a3ilit *. the pers*nnel in*le, #hus in

+h**sing th*se /h* are t* 3e in*le, in these tpes *. pr*je+ts it is essential that the

hae eperien+e *. /*rking /ithin the parti+ular l*+ati*n an, hae ne+essar te+hni+al

an, managerial a3ilities

80




<;2 #A$R B)I@"#I(%

a: %ite C*n,iti*ns

n m*st maj*r pr*je+ts there ,*es seem t* 3e a +*nsensus that the +*ntra+t*r sh*ul, take

resp*nsi3ilit .*r gr*un, +*n,iti*ns %*metimes it ma transpire that the gr*un,+*n,iti*ns .*un, at the site strike at the er heart *. the pr*je+t an, in su+h +ases there

has t* 3e s*me +*mmer+ial settlement

#he ,egree *. risk an, the pri+ i ng *. that risk 3 the +*ntra+t*r is a matter /hi+h

,epen,s *n the parti+ular +ir+urra stan+es Pr*i,e, that the +*ntra+t*r is a3le t* ,esign

*ut *. a,erse gr*un, +*n,iti*n=s then it /*ul, appear that a num3er *. internati*nal

+*ntra+t*rs are prepare, t* take the risk In that respe+t it is 4uite n*ti+ea3le that

+*ntra+t*rs .r*m "sia an, in,ee, .r*m +*ntinental $ur*pe appear m*re prepare, t*

a++ept risk *. a,erse gr*un, +*n,iti*ns than sa +*ntra+t*r .r*m the Unite, King,*m

#his ,i..eren+e in appr*a+h ma relate t* the appr*a+h *. +*ntra+t*rs in their

internati*nal regi*ns 3ut neertheless it ,*es seem that i. a +*ntra+t*r /ishes t*

parti+ipate in a limite, re+*urse .inan+e pr*je+t then a,erse gr*un, +*n,iti*ns are

resp*nsi3ilit that he /ill hae t* a++ept

3: Variati*ns

#here are in e..e+t t/* tpes *. ariati*ns 'irst there are ariati*ns pr*p*se, 3 the+*ntra+t*r .*r a ariet *. reas*ns in+lu,es gr*un, +*n,iti*ns pr*gramming *r +*st

saing #hese ma 3e ariati*ns .r*m ,esigns t* /hi+h the sp*ns*r *r the in,epen,ent

+he+ker has raise, n* *3je+ti*n *r the ma 3e +hanges .r*m the appr*e, ,esign

+riteria !*st +*ntra+ts permit ariati*ns *riginating .r*m the +*ntra+t*r pr*i,e, that

the ,* n*t ,epart .r*m the stan,ar, *r integrit *. the *erall Pr*je+t 'urther the

+*ntra+t*r /*ul, 3e epe+te, t* 3ear the a,,iti*nal +*st *. su+h ariati*ns an, is entitle,

t* 3ene.it .r*m an saings ma,e

7ith regar, t* C*ntra+t*rs ariati*ns the %p*ns*r has a +*n+ern /hi+h is ,i..erent .r*m

that *. the +*ntra+t*r #he %p*ns*r ma 3e l**king .*r high 4ualit s* as t* ensure l*/maintenan+e +*sts a.ter pra+ti+al *r su3stantial +*mpleti*n an, ,uring the running *. the

Pr*je+t #he C*ntra+t*r /ill n*t *ther than in respe+t *. an e4uit shareh*,ing s*

intereste, in the +*st *. maintenan+e 3ut ma /ell 3e l**king .*r an *erall saing *n the

+*st *. +*nstru+ti*n #hus a p*ssi3le s*luti*n is that ea+h time a +*ntra+t*r puts .*r/ar,

a ariati*nH it is re4uire, t* as+ertain that the ariati*n /ill n*t in+rease the re4uirements

.*r maintenan+e . +*urse this ten,s t* 3e a su3je+tie rather than a *3je+tie test 3ut

81




neertheless the min, *. the +*ntra+t*r ten,s t* 3e +*n+entrate, *n the risk /hi+h he

runs i. the materials *r +*nstru+ti*n meth*,s use,

re4uire a ,egree *. maintenan+e /hi+h /*ul, n*t hae 3een re4uire, in respe+t *. the

/*rks *riginall pr*p*se,

#he se+*n, set *. ariati*ns is /here the sp*ns*r re4uires +hanges #hese are likel t*

relate t* .uture *perating re4uirements an, there must 3e pr*isi*n .*r su+h +hanges

pr*i,e, .inan+e is aaila3le an, su3je+t t* a*i,ing an +*n.li+t /ith the +*ntra+t*rs

*erall *3ligati*ns in relati*n t* ,esign

<;E #ISI$

a: $tensi*ns *. time

#ime is m*ne I. the +*ntra+t*r is 3eing pai, 3 the sp*ns*r thr*ugh ,ra/,*/n interest

starts t* run an, /ill +*ntinue t* run .r*m ,ra/,*/n

#hus it is n*rmal t* epe+t that a B# +*nstru+ti*n +*ntra+t /ill=

%u3stantiall restri+t the ri ght *. the +*ntra+t*r t* etensi*ns *. time %u3stantiall

restri+t an right t* pament *. ,ela +*sts t* the +*ntra+t*r

re4uire the

+*ntra+t*r .r*m the *utset t* pr*gramme the /*rks s* as t*

take int* a++*unt a num3er *. +*ntingen+ies

A*/eer in ,e+i,ing the gr*un,s up*n /hi+h an etensi*n *. time /ill 3e gien regar,

must 3e ha, t* a .air all*+ati*n *. risk an, t* /hether it is 3etter .*r the sp*ns*r t* hae

+*ntingen+ .un,s .*r a parti+ular risk 97hi+h ma n*t *++ur: *r .*r the +*ntra+t*r t*

in+lu,e that +*ntingen+ in his pri+e in /hi+h +ase the sp*ns*r pas .*r it /hether it

*++urs *r n*t

3: )ate C*mpleti*n - Damages

82




"ssuming that there is a ,ela in +*mpleti*n .*r /hi+h the C*ntra+t*r is n*t entitle, t* an

etensi*n *. time it is then ne+essar t* +*nsi,er /hat ,amages sh*ul, 3e pai, 3 the

+*ntra+t*r Depen,ing up*n the parties in*le, there are a ariet *. *pti*ns=

i that the limit *. the lia3ilit *. the +*ntra+t*r in respe+t *. ,elas is the am*unt *. the

li4ui,ate, ,amages /hi+h is a sum less than the am*unt re4uire, t* seri+e the ,e3t ,uet* the .un,ing instituti*nsH

ii that there are n* li4ui,ate, ,amages an, the +*ntra+t*r remains lia3le .*r all l*sses

/hi+h .l*/ 9this is unlikel t* 3e a++epta3le t* the +*ntra+t*r:H

iii the C*ntra+t*r agrees t* pa li4ui,ate, ,amages an, 3 /a *. separate agreement

agrees t* seri+e the ,e3t ,uring the peri*, *. ,ela 9this ,epen,s up*n the e4uit

p*siti*n *. the C*ntra+t*r:

+: $arl C*mpleti*n

"ssuming that the +*ntra+t*r has t* pa su3stantial li4ui,ate, ,amages in the eent *.

,ela he ma /ell +*nsi,er himsel. entitle, t* 3*nuses in the eent that the pr*je+t

3e+*mes reenue earning earlier than *riginall anti+ipate, n m*st pr*je+ts this is

+*nsi,ere, appr*priate alth*ugh +learl a pr*isi*n has t* 3e in+*rp*rate, /here3 i. the

+*ntra+t*r is preente, .r*m re+*ering the 3*nus 3 reas*n *. ,ela 3 the sp*ns*r then

this ,*es n*t +reate an a,,iti*nal lia3ilit up*n the sp*ns*r 9parti+ularl 3earing in min,

that he ma hae n* .un,s /ith /hi+h t* pa this at the time that +*mpleti*n is a+hiee,:

#he 3*nus is n*rmall pai, *ut *. S the earl reenue .r*m the Pr*je+t

<;> Insuran+e

#he /h*le 4uesti*n *. e+essesH ,e,u+ti3les an, uninsure, risk .alls /ithin the general

+*mmer+ial neg*tiati*ns P*liti+al risk an, nu+lear risk *.ten .all up*n the %p*ns*r an,

in,ee, in the ultimate analsis /ith a limite, re+*urse .inan+e, pr*je+t /ill .all up*n the

'un,ing Instituti*ns #he ma*r ma n*t insure against p*liti+al risk ,epen,ing up*n

their ie/ *. the g*ernment +*n+erne, n the Channel #unnel .*r instan+e i. *ne

g*ernment ,e+i,es t* en, the pr*je+t then there are pr*isi*ns *. re+*mpense t* 3epai, t* the %p*ns*rs /hi+h /*ul, ena3le the C*ntra+t*r t* 3e Pai, It ma 3e

appr*priate .*r p*liti+al risk insuran+e t* 3e +*nsi,ere,

%* .ar as C*ntra+t*rs "ll Risk an, #hir, Part lia3ilit Insuran+e is +*n+erne, 9ie

insuran+e *. the 7*rks ,uring the peri*, *. +*nstru+ti*n an, insuran+e against lia3i lities

*/e, t* thir, parties: again pr*per a,i+e sh*ul, 3e taken #he ten,en+ is .*r the

83




%p*ns*r t* e..e+t the insuran+e 3ut *n s*me pr*je+ts it is the C*ntra+t*rs /h* in the .inal

analsis are a3le t* *3tain 3etter premium rates than the %p*ns*r an, there.*re the C"R

an, #hir, Part )ia3ilit Insuran+e sh*ul, 3e taken *ut 3 the C*ntra+t*rs

"gain this emphasises the nee, t* resear+h t* neg*tiate an, t* i,enti. /hat is in the

3est interests *. 3*th parties $+esses 9,e,u+ti3les: an, limitati*ns *. lia3ilit are als*matters /hi+h nee, t* 3e ealuate, 3et/een the parties

<;5 C*mpleti*n - Per.*rman+e #esting an, C*mmissi*ning

"ssuming that the take*ut .inan+iers are t* 3e pai, *ut *. reenue generate, 3 the

Pr*je+t this is perhaps the m*st +riti+al area 7here the +*mplete, /*rks ,* n*t meet

the %pe+i.i+ati*n there ma 3e pr*isi*ns .*r a re,u+ti*n in pri+e .*r ea+h per+entage

p*int 3 /hi+h the %pe+i.i+ati*n is n*t a+hiee,

t=HHHTL I l3LUU unaLLIH 1 LL111LLLS1 TT T

(eertheless there /ill +*me time /hen the /h*le .inan+ial 3asis *. the pr*je+t is put at

risk i. .*r instan+e there is unrelia3ilit in the plant /hi+h is part *. the /*rks *r

alternatiel su+h plant ,*es n*t a+hiee a +apa+it /hi+h /*ul, ena3le a +*mmer+ial

3reakthr*ugh t* 3e ma,e "t this stage ie /hen su+h plant is reje+te, it is unlikel that

the .inan+iers /*ul, 3e prepare, t* a++ept a limit *. lia3ilit #he %p*ns*r is unlikel t*

3e a3le t* pa anthing t* the 'un,ing Instituti*ns as he /ill n*t hae the res*ur+es

#hus the *nl aenue *. re+*urse aaila3le in the eent *. su+h ,isaster /*ul, 3e against

the C*ntra+t*r

<;6 !aintenan+e an, !anu.a+turers 7arranties

It is usual t* pr*i,e .*r the +*ntra+t*r t* put right ,e.e+ts ,uring the ,e.e+ts lia3ilit

peri*, (eertheless regar, sh*ul, 3e ha, as t* /hether a stan,ar, maintenan+e

pr*isi*n is appr*priate .*r all tpes *. pr*je+ts I. the +*ntra+t*r is g*ing t* maintain a

presen+e *n site then there ma 3e great a,antages in haing it pri+e, at the *utset an,

3eing a3le t* take a,antage *. that presen+e ,uring the maintenan+e peri*,

(eertheless like al these matters it ,epen,s up*n pri+ing ari, the respe+tiea,antages *. the parties

#he length *. the releant peri*, als* nee,s t* 3e +*nsi,ere, parti+ularl /here a

me+hani+al an, ele+tri+al plant has t* 3e use, in ,i..erent +limati+ +*n,iti*ns eg /inter

an, summer /et *r ,r

84




"s t* +*ntinuing *3ligati*ns the +*ntra+t*r ma 3e re4uire, t* hae a lia3ilit .*r latent

,e.e+ts ,uring the li.e *. the l*an "n*ther +*n+ept is that the +*ntra+t*r sh*ul, hae a

risk .*r latent ,e.aults *nl ,uring the earl stages ie ,uring that peri*, /hen the

%p*ns*r /ill n*t hae su..i+ient time t* +reate *ut *. the reenue a sinking .un, .*r maj*r

repairs

(eertheless a +*ntra+t*r sh*ul, epe+t that in this tpe *. pr*je+t he /ill 3e re4uire, t*

hae a greater lia3ilit a.ter +*mpleti*n *. the ,e.e+ts lia3ilit peri*, than it /*ul, epe+t

t* hae un,er a tra,iti*nal +*nstru+ti*n +*ntra+t #hese *3ligati*ns ma 3e release,

/here the +*ntra+t*r is a3le t* pr*i,e Ven,*r @uarantees .*r plant an, e4uipment

installe, *n the 7*rks /here th*se guarantees are either assigne, *r j ssue, in .a*ur *.

the %p*ns*r

<;< (*minati*n an, %pe+i.ie, Pr*,u+ts

#he +*n+ept *. n*minati*n ,*es n*t *++ur /ith a ,esign an, +*nstru+t +*ntra+t

(eertheless the %p*ns*r ma /ish .*r a ariet *. reas*ns t* 3e a3le t* ,ire+t the

+*ntra+t*r t* *3tain +ertain plant *r e4uipment .r*m a parti+ular manu.a+turer #his +an

3e ,*ne either 3 the ,ra.ting *. the %pe+i.i+ati*n s* that there is n* alternate supplier

*ther than the *ne that the sp*ns*r has in min, *r alternatiel 3 in,i+ating t* the

+*ntra+t*r ,uring the ten,ering *r neg*tiati*n peri*, that a parti+ular pie+e *. e4uipment

is re4uire, .r*m a parti+ular supplier an, that the +*ntra+t*r is t* take the risk in that

respe+t #hus in the +ase *. a rail tunnel /hi+h has t* take tra..i+ .r*m an eisting

sstem it ma /ell 3e ne+essar .*r the signaling t* 3e i,enti+al t* that use, *n the

eisting sstem Pr*i,ing the +*ntra+t*r is a/are *. the sp*ns*rs re4uirements at the

*utset an, has an *pp*rtunit t* pri+e .*r that risk *n m*st *++asi*ns the +*ntra+t*r ,*es

n*t hae a real pr*3lem unless its resear+h ,uring the neg*tiati*n peri*, in,i+ates that the

spe+i.ie, manu.a+turer is .*r *ne reas*n *r an*ther +*mmer+iall unrelia3le

<;8 Paments

#here are t/* aspe+ts t* the pament pr*isi*ns #here are paments .*r th*se items

/hi+h relate t* the *riginal /*rks an, then there are paments .*r th*se items /hi+hrelate t* etras +laims an, the like

85




%* .ar as the .*rmers are +*n+erne, appli+ati*ns ma 3e ma,e .*r pamen= 3 the

+*ntra+t*r 7here the +*ntra+t*r is empl*ing an in,epen,ent epert t* a,ise it it ma

3e +*nsi,ere, a++epta3le that the +erti.i+ates are +*untersigne, 3 that epert In su+h

+ir+umstan+es it is anti+ipate, that the epert /ill hae an internati*nal reputati*n *r 3e

s* /ell kn*/n t* the 'un,ing Instituti*ns that his integrit is n*t in ,*u3t n *ther

*++asi*ns an in,epen,ent +he+king engineer ma et the a++*unts an, then sign them

*...*r pament

#he se+*n, element relates t* the +laims .*r etras Aere it is releant t* kn*/ /hat the

+*ntngen+ies are '*r instan+e the +*ntra+t*r ma 3e prepare, t* re+eie etras 3 /a

*. ,e.erre, ,e3t s* that it is pai, *ut *. reenue earne, *n the pr*je+t a.ter paing

*perating epenses an, ,e3t seri+e #here ma 3e a re4uirement that /here a lia3ilit

arises un,er the +*nstru+ti*n +*ntra+t the shareh*l,ers *. the sp*ns*ring +*mpan are

re4uire, t* put in m*re e4uit "lternatiel there ma 3e stan,3 l*ans t* ,eal /ith

these tpes *. +*ntingen+ies #he +*n+ern that m*st pe*ple hae /ith regar, t* stan,3

l*ans is that the 3e+*me etremel attra+tie an, instea, *. stan,ing 3 the are ,ra/n

,*/n up*n as a matter *. +*urse

<;; #erminati*n

(*rmall i. the %p*ns*r *r the +*ntra+t*r is threatening t* ,etermine the +*nstru+ti*n

+*ntra+t the .un,ing Instituti*ns /ill /ish t* 3e in.*rme, #his then gies an *pp*rtunit

.*r the .un,ing Instituti*ns 9al3eit in a n*n-+*ntra+tual p*siti*n: t* see /hether there

are an steps /hi+h +an 3e taken t* a*i, /hat is likel t* 3e an int*lera3le ,ela /hilst

a ne/ +*ntra+t*r is .*un, an, s*metimes /here the +*ntra+t*r is n*t in ,e.ault t*

persua,e the +*ntra+t*r t* +*ntinue /*rk rather than all*/ the /h*le pr*je+t t* +*llapse

<10 'IDIC C(DI#I(% ' C(#R"C# <101 Intr*,u+ti*n

#he gr*/th an, ,eel*pment *. internati*nal +*nstru+ti*n 3usiness gae rise t* the

,eel*pment *. stan,ar, +*n,iti*ns *. +*ntra+t 3 'IDIC #his +hapter is an a3stra+t *.

the 'IDIC +*n,iti*ns *. C*ntra+t .*r +*nstru+ti*n .*r 3uil,ing an, engineering /*rks

'IDICs C*n,iti*ns *. C*ntra+t .*r C*nstru+ti*n in+lu,e empl*ers rights engineers,uties an, auth*rities +*ntra+t*rs *3ligati*ns su3+*ntra+t*rs sa.et pr*+e,ures 4ualit

assuran+e pr*gress rep*rts *perati*ns *n site n*minate, su3+*ntra+t*rs sta.. an,

la3*ur plant materials an, /*rkmanship +*mmen+ement ,elas an, suspensi*n *.

/*rk It als* ,eals /ith tests *n +*mpleti*n ,e.e+ts lia3ilit measurement an,

ealuati*n *. /*rks meth*, *. ealuati*n ariati*ns an, a,justments alue engineering

86




+*ntra+t pri+e an, pament risk an, resp*nsi3ilit insuran+e .*r+e majeure +laims

,isputes an, ar3itrati*n et+

#he .e,erati*n Internati*nale ,es Ingenieurs-C*nseils 9'IDIC: is the internati*nal

.e,erati*n *. +*nsulting engineers 'IDIC is 3est kn*/n as the *rganisati*n that

pu3lishes stan,ar, .*rms *. +*ntra+t ,*+uments relate, t* the pr*+urement *.engineeringT/*rks #hese stan,ar, .*rms in+lu,e th*se .*r use 3 +*nsulting engineers

an, *ther .*rms that are suita3le .*r the pr*+urement *. 3uil,ing an, engineering /*rks

'IDICs prei*us stan,ar, .*rms *. +*ntra+t ,*+uments .*r 3uil,ing an, engineering

/*rks hae 3een kn*/n 3 the +*l*urs *. their respe+tie +*ers=

C*n,iti*ns *. C*ntra+t .*r 7*rks *. Ciil $ngineering C*nstru+ti*n '*urth $,iti*n

1;8< Reprinte, 1;;2 als* kn*/n as the LRe, B**kLH

C*n,iti*ns *. C*ntra+t .*r $le+tri+al an, !e+hani+al 7*rks

#hir, $,iti*n 1;8< I Reprinte, 1;88 als* kn*/n as the L&ell*/ B**kLH

C*n,iti*ns *. C*ntra+t .*r Design-Buil, an, #urnke .irst $,iti*n 1;;5 als* kn*/n

as the Lrange B**kL

<102 #he (e/ %uite

"lth*ugh the a3*e stan,ar, .*rms are still /i,el use, internati*nall 'IDIC hasrepla+e, them 3 the .*ll*/ing 'irst $,iti*ns pu3lishe, in %eptem3er 1;;;=

C*n,iti*ns *. C*ntra+t .*r C*nstru+ti*n /hi+h 'IDIC re+*mmen,s .*r 3uil,ing *r

engineering /*rks /here the empl*er pr*i,es m*st *. the ,esign A*/eer the

/*rksTin+lu,e s*me +*ntra+t*r ,esigne, +iil me+hani+al ele+tri+al an,J*r +*nstru+ti*n

/*rks

C*n,iti*ns *. C*ntra+t .*r Plant an, Design-Buil, /hi+h 'IDIC re+*mmen,s .*r the

pr*isi*n *. ele+tri+al an,J*r me+hani+al plantTan, .*r the ,esign an, Qe+ute *.

3uil,ing *r engineering /*rks #he s+*pe *. these +*n,iti*ns #hus em3ra+es 3*th *l,

&ell*/ an, range B**ks .*r all tpes *. +*ntra+t*r-,esigne, /*rks

C*n,iti*ns *. C*ntra+t .*r $PCl#urnke Pr*je+ts /hi+h ma 3e suita3le .*r the

pr*isi*n *n a turnke 3asis *. a pr*+ess *r p*/er plant *. a .a+t*r *r similar .a+ilit

*r *. an in.rastru+ture pr*je+t *r *ther tpe *. ,eel*pment /here Wi: high ,egree *.

+ertaint *. .inal pri+e an, +*mpleti*n time is re4uire, an, 9ii: the +*ntra+t*r takes t*tal

resp*nsi3ilit .*r the ,esign an, ee+uti*n *. the pr*je+t

87




<10E Imp*rtant C*n,iti*ns . C*ntra+t 'r*m 'i,i+

#he '*urth $,iti*n *. the 'IDIC C*n,iti*ns *. C*ntra+t .*r 7*rks *. Ciil $ngineering

C*nstru+ti*n kn*/n as the LRe, B**kL has 3een up,ate, an, repla+e, /ith a ne/

stan,ar, .*rm #he title *. the ne/ 1;;; 'irst $,iti*n +*nstru+ti*n 3**k /hi+h is re, in

+*l*ur is LC*n,iti*ns *. C*ntra+t .*r C*nstru+ti*n .*r Buil,ing an, $ngineering 7*rksDesigne, 3 the $mpl*erL 9L(e/ Re, B**kL: "n a3stra+t *. the (e/ Re, B**k is

presente, 3el*/

a: De.e+ts )ia3ilit

"n /*rk 3 +*ntra+t*r /ithin De.e+ts (*ti.i+ati*n Peri*, as p*inte, *ut 3 $mpl*er

/ell /ithin +*ntra+t re4uirement is t* he +arrie, at the risk an, +*st *. the +*ntra+t*r #he$mpl*er +an seek etensi*nT*. De.e+ts (*ti.i+ati*n Peri*, i. a maj*r item *.

plant+ann*t 3e use, .*r purp*ses .*r /hi+h the are inten,e, 3ut n*t e+ee,ing #/*

ears in etensi*n I. a3+e reme, is n*t +arrie, *ut the $mpl*er +an +arr *ut the

/*rk himsel. *r 3 *thers at +*ntra+t*rs +*st 3ut the +*ntra+t*r shall hae n*

resp*nsi3ilit .*r this /*rk I. $mpl*er agrees the ,e.e+tie material +an 3e rem*e,

.*r the site .*r repairs #he +*ntra+t*r +an 3e aske, 3 the $ngineer t* sear+h .*r the

+ause *. an ,e.e+t #he +*st plus pr*.it shall 3e pai, t* the +*ntra+t*r unless the +ause

n*ti+e, is ,ue t* ,e.e+tie /*rkmanship *. +*ntra+t*r C*ntra+t*rs *3ligati*ns are n*t

+*mplete until $ngineer issue, Per.*rman+e +erti.i+ate /ith 28 ,as *. epir ,ate *.

De.e+ts (*ti.i+ati*n Peri*, nl the per.*rman+e +erti.i+ate +*nstitutes a++eptan+e *.

the /*rk B*th parties are lia3le .*r an unper.*rme, *3ligati*n +*ntra+t remains in

.*r+e t* that etent

1_ !easurement an, $aluati*n

$aluati*n *. /*rk shall 3e +arrie, *ut 3 ne/ rate *ther than agree, in the BF i. the

4uantit is in+rease, 3 m*re than 10 an, alue 3 m*re than 001 *. a++epte, +*ntra+t

am*unt pr*i,e, the rate reisi*n s*ught 3 +*ntra+t*r e+ee, I *. the +*stper unit

4uantit as per rate s+he,ule

+: Variati*n an, ",justment

Variati*n *. /*rk +an 3e initiate, 3 the $ngineer at an time upt* taking *er stage

C*ntra+t*r is re4uire, t* ee+ute ea+h ariati*n unless +*ntra+t*r /rites t* $ngineer

a3*ut his ina3ilit t* per.*rm C*ntra+t*r ma pr*p*se impr*ement *r +hanges i.

3ene.i+ial t* $mpl*er ,ue t* l*/er alue *r 3etter per.*rman+e #he re,u+ti*n in

88




+*st t* +*ntra+t pri+e ,ue t* a3*e +hange shall 3e share, 3et/een $mpl*er the

+*ntra+t a.ter a,justing .*r l*ss i. an in 4ualit li.e an, *perati*nal per.*rman+e #he pr*isi*nal sumaaila3le in the +*ntra+t pri+e shall 3e use, as per $ngineers instru+ti*ns

a.ter *3taining 4u*tati*ns in*i+es *u+hers an, re+eipts in su3stantiati*n #he +*ntra+t

pri+e is a,juste, .*r an in+rease *r ,e+rease in +*st resulting .r*m a +hange in the )a/s

*. the C*untr ma,e a.ter the Base Date in the +*ntra+t $s+alati*n +lause applies *nl i.

pr*i,e, .*r in the +*ntra+t %u+h +lause ma*r ma n*t 3e su..i+ient .*r +*mpensati*n

,ue t* rise in +*sts /hi+h hae g*ne up +*mpare, t* Base Date ,ata I. +*ntra+t*r .ails

t* +*mplete /*rks /ithin time .*r +*mpleti*n a,justment *. pri+e /ill 3e linke, t* ,ate

>;,as pri*r t* Date *. C*mpleti*n *r +urrent pri+es /hi+heer m*re .a*ra3le t*

$mpl*er un,er $s+alati*n +lause

,: C*ntra+t Pri+e an, Pament

"n 4uantities as per BF are estimate, 4uantities an, are n*t 3eing taken as the a+tual

+*rre+t 4uantities #he $mpl*er shall make an a,an+e pament as interest .ree l*an

.*r m*3ilisati*n 7hen +*ntra+t*r su3mits ",an+e pament guarantee /hen su+h a

pr*isi*n *. a,an+e pament is ma,e in the "ppen,i t* #en,er I. +*ntra+t in+lu,es

s+he,ule *. pament it shall in+lu,e an am*unt .*r plant !aterials /hi+h hae 3een

sent te* the site .*r in+*rp*rati*n in the permanent /*rks I. +*ntra+t ,*es n*t in+lu,es

s+he,ule *. paments +*ntra+t*r t* su3mit n*n-3in,ing estimate *. pament ,uring ea+h

4uarterl peri*,s starting .r*mT>2 ,as a.ter the +*mmen+ement ,ate #he $ngineerma make an +*rre+ti*n i. ne+essar t* an prei*us pament +erti.i+atesin+e pament

+erti.i+ate shall n*t 3e ,eeme, t* In,i+ate $ngineers a++eptan+e *. /*rk I. +*ntra+t*r

,*es n*t re+eie-paments /ithin 56 ,as *. su3missi*n t* $ngineer /ith ne+essar

supp*rting ,*+ument he shall 3e entitle, t* re+eie .inan+ing +hargesT+*mp*un,e,

m*nthl *n the am*unt unpai, 'inan+ing +harges .*r ,elae, paments is E a3*e

+entral 3anks ,is+*unt rate

e: #erminati*n 3 $mpl*er

$mpl*er +an terminate +*ntra+t *n man gr*un,s su+h as .ailure t* +arr *ut the

+*ntra+t su3+*ntra+ting the /h*le *. /*rks *r assign the +*ntra+t /ith*ut agreement

#he 3ri3ing .*r un,ue .a*ur +an 3e the 3asis .*r #erminati*n $en $mpl*er +an

89




terminate the +*ntra+t /ith 28 ,as n*ti+e /ith*ut an reas*n 3ut n*t .*r ee+uting the

/*rk himsel. *r t* app*int an*ther +*ntra+t*r

.: %uspensi*n #erminati*n 3 C*ntra+t*r

C*ntra+t*r is all*/e, t* terminate the +*ntra+t i. +*ntra+t*r is n*t pr*i,e, /ith i$mpl*ers .inan+ial arrangement

ii )a+k *. interim pament /hen ,ue

iii Pr*l*nge, suspensi*n *. /*rk 3 $mpl*er

i Bankrupt+ *r ins*lent $mpl*er

%u3stantial .ailure *. $mpl*er t* per.*rm his *3ligati*n un,er +*ntra+t

g: Risk Resp*nsi3ilit

#he +*ntra+t*r in,emni.ies an, h*l,s harmless the $mpl*er *n .*ll*/ing issues

a: Injur Disease *r Death ,ue t* +*ntra+t*rs ee+uti*n *. /*rk

9in+lu,ing ,esign i. an: *r ,uring reme, *. ,e.e+ts in /*rks *..er +*mpleti*n

3: Damages *r )*sses t* pr*pert arising *ut *. ee+uti*n *. /*rk 9in+lu,ing ,esign i.

an: *r attri3uta3le t* negligen+e /ill.ul a+t *r 3rea+h *. the +*ntra+t 3 the +*ntra+t*r

#he $mpl*er t* in,emni. an, h*l, harmless the +*ntra+t*r .*r similar a+ti*ns +arrie,

*ut 3 $mpl*ers pers*nnel ,uring ee+uti*n *r a.ter +*mpleti*n ,uring reme,ial /*rk

#he +*ntra+t*r takes .ull resp*nsi3ilit .*r the +are *. the /*rks .r*m +*mmen+ement

,ate till taking *er 3 +lient a.ter /hi+h the resp*nsi3ilit passes t* the $mpl*er In

+ase *. l*ss *r ,amage ,uring +are *. the /*rks .r*m +*mmen+ement ,ate till taking *er

3 +lient a.ter /hi+h the resp*nsi3ilit *n +*ntra+t*r +*ntinues een a.ter Aan, *er t*

$mpl*er i. s*me 3alan+e /*rk is still 3eing +arrie,

$mpl*er is re4uire, t* meet the risks arising *ut

L 7ar A*stilities inasi*n

L Re3elli*n #err*rism +iil /ar

L Ri*t C*mm*ti*n *r ,is*r,er 9pr*i,e, it is n*t +ause, 3 +*ntra+t*rs

90




pers*nnel:

L $pl*sies i*niing ra,iati*n *r +*ntaminati*n 3 ra,i*a+tiit e+ept .*r

th*se +ause, ,ue t* use *. su+h material 3 +*ntra+t*r .*r +*nstru+ti*n purp*ses

L Pressure /aes +ause, 3 air+ra.t +ause, 3 s*ni+ *r supers*ni+ spee,s

L Design *. an part *. /*rks 3 the $mpl*er

L '*r+es *. (ature /hi+h an eperien+e, +*ntra+t*r +*ul, n*t hae

.*reseen

C*ntra+t*r is epe+te, t* make g**, l*ss *r ,amage +ause, 3 a3*e issues 3ut /ill 3e

reim3urse, .*r the same al*ng /ith time etensi*n .*r ,elas #he $mpl*er shall

in,emni. C*ntra+t*r .r*m an +laim arising *ut +*mplian+e *. the +*ntra+t +*n,iti*ns *r

/*rks 3eing use, .*r the $mpl*er %imilarl C*ntra+t*r shall in,emni. $mpl*er .*ran +laim arising *ut ,esign *r suppl *. g**,s ma,e un,er

the s+*pe *. the +*ntra+t #he t*tal lia3ilit *. the C*ntra+t*r un,er a3*e issues shall n*t

e+ee, the alue *. +*ntra+t e+ept .*r in +ase *. .rau, mis+*n,u+t ,e.ault

h: Insuran+e

#he terms *. Insuran+e t* 3e e..e+te, 3 an insuring part shall 3e +*nsistent /ith an

terms agree, 3 3*th parties 3e.*re the ,ate *. )etter *. "++eptan+e #his tpe *.

agreement shall take pre+e,en+e *er the pr*isi*ns *. this +lause #he releant insuri ng

part shall /ithin the respe+tie peri*,s state, in #en,er %u3mit t* *ther part ei,en+e

*. insuran+e 3eing e..e+te, al*ng /ith ,etails *. premium (either part shall +hange

terms *. insuran+e /ith*ut appr*al *. *ther part "ls* pament n*t ma,e 3 *ne part

,espite 3eing ,ue +an 3e ma,e 3 *ther part an, a,juste, in +*ntra+t alue *r a,juste,

against pament ,ue "n insuran+e Claim uninsure, *3ligati*n n*t re+eie, .ull .r*m

Insuran+e shall 3e 3*rne 3 the part /hi+h is resp*nsi3le .*r these issues as per

+*ntra+t Pament 3 *ne part t* the *ther part shall 3e su3je+te, t* $mpl*ers +laim*r +*ntra+t*rs +laim as appli+a3le

Insuran+e .*r /*rks C*ntra+t*rs e4uipment shall 3e a..e+te, 3 the +*ntra+t*r as

insuring part in the j*int name .*r the .ull alue *. +*st *. repla+ement #he pament

shall 3e j*intl re+eie, all*+ate, 3et/een the parties .*r the s*le purp*se i. re+ti.ing

the l*ss *r ,amage %u+h insuran+e e+lu,es l*sses ,ue t* ,e.e+ts in ,esign materials an,

91




/*rkmanship %u+h insuran+e +*er e+lu,es part *. /*rk taken *er 3 the $mpl*er I.

*ne ear a.ter the Base ,a=e the insuran+e +*er is n*t aaila3le at +*mmer+iall

reas*na3le terms #he +*ntra+t*r shall gie the n*ti+e t* the $mpl*er /ith supp*rting

parti+ulars #he +*ntra+t*r shall als* insure against injur t* pers*ns ,amage t*

$mpl*ers pr*pert arising t *. +*ntra+t*r is per.*rman+e *. the +*ntra+t *ther than

alrea, +*ere, un,er Insuran+e *. 7*rks C*ntra+t*rs $4uipment *r pers*nnel "s

state, earlier the insuran+e /ill 3e in j*int name *. 3*th the parties %imilar t* 7*rks

C*ntra+t*rs e4uipment +*ntra+t*rs pers*nnel shall 3e insure, 3 +*ntra+t*r .*r injur

si+kness ,isease *r ,eath #he insuran+e shall 3e

11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

111111111

maintaine, in .ull .*r+e in e..e+t thr*ugh *ut the ee+uti*n *. /*rks '*r su3+*ntra+t*rs

empl*ees su3+*ntra+t*r ma ,ra/ insuran+e 3ut +*ntra+t*r shall 3e resp*nsi3le .*r the

+*mplian+e 3 the su3+*ntra+t*r

i: '*r+e !ajeure

'*r+e !ajeure is an e+epti*nal eent *r +ir+umstan+e /hi+h +*n+erne, part +*ul, n*t

hae pr*i,e, against een +*ul, n*t hae a*i,e, haing arisen in the gien

+ir+umstan+eT'*r+e !ajeure in+lu,es /ar h*stilities *r inasi*n re3elli*n terr*rism *r

+iil /ar It als* +*ers ri*ts +*mm*ti*n ,is*r,er *r strike l*+k*ut *ther than th*se 3+*ntra+t*r *r su3+*ntra+t*rs pers*nnel It in+lu,es issues su+h as epl*sies i*nising

ra,iati*n *r +*ntaminati*n 3 ra,i*a+tiit e+ept th*se spe+i.i+all utilise, 3 +*ntra+t*r

.*r +*nstru+ti*n It ,*es +*er natural +atastr*phes su+h as earth4uake hurri+ane

tph**n *r *l+ani+ a+tiit

I. a part is preente, .r*m per.*rming an *. its *3ligati*ns a n*ti+e shall 3e gien

/ithin 1> ,as *. the eent +*nstituting '*r+e !ajeure #he part shall 3e e+use, .r*m

per.*rman+e *. its *3ligati*ns as l*ng as '*r+e !ajeure persists e+ept .*r *3ligati*n *.

the part^ t* make paments i. ,ue I. +*ntra+t*r su..ers ,elas +*sts ,ue t* '*r+e

!ajeure 3e shall 3e +*mpensate, 3 ne+essar time etensi*n +*st - +*mpensati*n I.'*r+e !ajeure +lauses .*r su3+*ntra+t*r are 3r*a,erJ/i,er than +*ntra+t*rs pr*je+ti*ns

un,er this +lause then th*se issues +ann*t 3e the e+use *. +*ntra+t*r .*r n*n-

per.*rman+e *r 3asis .*r relie. un,er the +lause

I. a single '*r+e !ajeure eent persists .*r 8> ,as *r +umulatiel .*r 1>0 ,as ,ue t*

multiple *++asi*ns then either part ma gie n*ti+e t* the *ther part a n*ti+e *. < ,as

92




.*r terminati*n *. +*ntra+t In su+h situati*n .urther pr*+ess *. ,etermining the alue

*.T/*rk ,*ne shall +*mmen+e an, /ill in+lu,e=

\- Value *. +*mplete, item *. /*rk .*r /hi+h pri+e is state, in the +*ntra+t

\- C*st *. Plant !aterial ,eliere, *r /hi+h has le.t en,*rs .*r ,elier

\- "n *ther +*stJlia3ilit reas*na3l in+urre, 3 the +*ntra+t*r .*r

+*mpleting the /*rks

\- C*st *. rem*al *. #emp*rar 7*rks +*ntra+t*rs $4uipment

\- C*st *. repatriati*n *. the +*ntra+t*rs sta.. la3*ur empl*e, /h*ll in

+*nne+ti*n /ith the /*rk

(*t /ithstan,ing a3*e i. an eent *utsi,e the +*ntr*l *. parties arises /hi+h makes i.

imp*ssi3le *r unla/.ul .*r either part t* .ul.ill its +*ntra+t *3ligati*ns parties are

entitle, t* 3e release, .r*m .urther per.*rman+e *. the +*ntra+t !*ne paa3le t* the

+*ntra+t*r 3 empl*er shall 3e same as state, a3*e

11 ($7 PRVI%I(% !"D$ B& #A$ ($7 R$D BK 'R C(%#RUC#I(

<111 Pr*isi*ns Relate, t* the C*ntra+t*r

i #he empl*er is re4uire, t* su3mit /ithin 28 ,as a.ter re+eiing an re4uest .r*m the+*ntra+t*r reas*na3le ei,en+e that .inan+ial arrangements hae 3een ma,e an, are

3eing maintaine, /hi+h /ill ena3le the empl*er t* the +*ntra+t pri+e in a++*r,an+e /ith

the +*ntra+t I. the empl*er inten,s t* make an material +hange t* his .inan+ial

arrangements he is re4uire, t* gie n*ti+e t* the +*ntra+t*r /ith ,etaile, parti+ulars

9%u3-Clause 2> - $mpl*ers 'inan+ial "rrangements:

ii I. the empl*er +*nsi,ers himsel. t* 3e entitle, t* an pament un,er *r in +*nne+ti*n

/ith the +*ntra+t an,J*r an etensi*n *. the De.e+ts (*ti.i+ati*n peri*, 9the ne/ name

.*r the De.e+ts )ia3ilit Peri*,: the empl*er *r the engineer must gie n*ti+e an,

parti+ulars t* the +*ntra+t*r #he parti+ulars must spe+i. the +lause *r *ther 3asis *. the+laim an, in+lu,e su3stantiati*n *. the am*unt an,J*r

93




etensi*n t* /hi+h the $mpl*er +*nsi,ers himsel. t* 3e entitle, #he n*ti+e must 3e

gien as s**n as pra+ti+a3le a.ter the empl*er is epressl ,enie, the right t* set *..

against *r make an ,e,u+ti*n .r*m a +erti.ie, am*unt *r *ther/ise +laim against the

+*ntra+t*r e+ept in a++*r,an+e /ith this pr*isi*n 9%u3-Cause 25 - $mpl*ers +laims:

iii #he empl*ers in epressl entitle, t* eten, the De.e+ts (*ti.i+ati*n Peri*, .*r the/*rks *r a se+ti*n *. the /*rks .*r up t* t/* ears i. it +ann*t 3e use, .*r the purp*ses

.*r /hi+h it /as inten,e, 3 reas*n *. a ,e.e+t *r ,amage 9%u3-Clause I 1E - $tensi*n

*. ,e.e+ts (*ti.i+ati*n peri*,:

i #he C*ntra+t*r right t* a,justment *. the +*ntra+t pri+e t* take a++*unt *. an

in+rease *r ,e+rease in +*st 9as ,e.ine,: resulting .r*m a +hange in la/ in the +*untr

/here the site is l*+ate, has 3een eten,e, 93e*n, +hanges in legislati*n as in eg the

*range 3**k: t* in+lu,e +hange, in the ju,i+ial *r *..i+ial g*ernmental interpretati*n *.

la/s ma,e a.ter the 3ase ,ate 9as ,e.ine,: /hi+h e..e+t the +*ntra+t*r in the per.*rman+e

*. his *3ligati*ns 9su3-+lause 1E< -",justment .*r Changes in )egislati*n:

I. the +*ntra+t*r is n*t pai, *n time the +*ntra+t*r is entitle, t* re+eie .inan+ing

+harges +*mp*un,e, m*nthl *n the am*unt unpai, ,uring the peri*, *. ,ela Unless

*ther/ise state, in the Parti+ular C*n,iti*ns these .inan+ing +harges are t* 3e +al+ulate,

at the annual rate *. three per+entage p*ints a3*e the ,is+*unt rate *. the +entral 3ank in

the +*untr *. the +urren+ *. pament an, sh*ul, 3e pai, in su+h +urren+ 9%u3-Clause

1>8 - ,elae, pament: #he a3*e pr*isi*n is ,erie, .r*m the range B**k 7hile

the *l, Re, B**k pr*i,e, that the +*ntra+t*r /as entitle, t* interest *n late paments it

,i, n*t spe+i. h*/ this /as t* 3e +al+ulate,

i #he +*ntra+t*r is n*/ entitle, a.ter giing n*ti+e t* suspen, *r re,u+e the rate *.

/*rk /here the engineer .ails t* +erti. an interim pament +erti.i+ate *r the

empl*er .ails t* pr*i,e in.*rmati*n a3*ut the empl*ers .inan+ial arrangements .*r

paing the +*ntra+t Pri+e 9see p*int 91: a3*e: 9%u3-Clause 16I-C*ntra+t*rs $ntitlement

t* %uspen, 7*rk: Un,er the *l, Re, B**k 9%u3-Clause 6;> - C*ntra+t*rs $ntitlement

t* %uspen, 7*rk: the +*ntra+t*r /as *nl entitle, t* suspen, *r re,u+e the rate *r /*rk/here the empl*er /as n*t paing an am*unt ,ue un,er an +erti.i+ate

ii 7ithin >2 ,as a.ter re+eiing a +laim *r an .urther parti+ulars supp*rting a

prei*us +laim *. the +*ntra+t*r the engineer is n( epressl re4uire, t* resp*n, /ith

appr*al *r /ith ,isappr*al an, ,etaile, +*mments 9%u3-Clauses 20: - C*ntra+t*rs

Claims: Un,er the *l, Re, B**k there /as n* epress re4uirement that the engineer

94




resp*n, t* the merits *. the +*ntra+t*rs +laims at all e+ept in the +ase *. a ,ispute

9Clause 6< - %ettlement *. Disputes:

iii Un,er the @eneral C*n,iti*ns *. the ne/ B**ks .*r maj*r /*rks ,isputes are n*/

re4uire, t* 3e su3mitte, t* a D"B .*r ,e+isi*n In the +ase *. the ne/ Re, an, &ell*/

B**ks the D"B must 3e app*inte, at the time the +*ntra+t is signe, an, remain in pla+euntil it is +*n+lu,e, 9un,er the @eneral C*n,iti*ns *. the %iler B**k a D"B is

app*inte, .*r ea+h ,ispute an, *r,inaril *nl remains in *..i+e until that ,ispute is

,e+i,e,: 9Clause 20 - Claims Disputes an, "r3itrati*n: Un,er the *l, Re, an, &ell*/

B**ks ,isputes ha, t* 3e su3mitte, t* the engineer .*r a ,e+isi*n as a +*n,iti*n t*

ar3itrati*n #he pr*isi*n .*r a Da3 t* repla+e the engineer .*r the settlement *. ,isputes

in the @eneral C*n,iti*ns ma 3e the m*st .a*ra3le *. the inn*ati*ns in the ne/ 3**ks

.r*m the +*ntra+t*rs p*int *. ie/

<112 Pr*isi*ns Relate, t* the $mpl*er

i #he empl*er is n*/ entitle, *n n*t less than >2 ,as n*ti+e t* repla+e the engineer

pr*i,e, that the empl*er ma 110t ,* s* /ith a pers*n against /h*m the +*ntra+t*r

raises reas*na3le *3je+ti*n 3 n*ti+e t* the empl*er 9%u3-Clause E> -

Repla+ement *. the $ngineers: I. the +*ntra+t spe+i.ies the +*ntra+t*r shall ,esign an

part *. the permanent /*rks 9as ,e.ine,: then su+h part must /hen +*mplete, 3e .it .*r

su+h purp*ses .*r /hi+h the part is inten,e, as are spe+i.ie, in the C*ntra+t 9%u3Clause>1 9+: - C*ntra+t*rs @eneral 3ligati*ns: Un,er the *l, Re, B**k there /as n*

re4uirement that an /*rks ,esigne, 3 the +*ntra+t*r 3e .it .*r purp*se

ii 7here the +*ntra+t*r makes a +laim .*r a,erse Phsi+al +*n,iti*ns 9as ,e.ine,: the

engineer ma reie/ /hether *ther phsi+al +*n,iti*ns in similar parts *. the 7*rks 9i.

an: /ere m*re .a*ra3le than +*ul, reas*na3l hae 3een .*reseen I. s* the engineer

ma re,u+e the am*unt *. an +*st 9as ,e.ine,: +laime, 3 the +*ntra+t*r .*r a,erse

phsi+al +*n,iti*ns 3 the am*unt *. the re,u+ti*n in +*st *. su+h m*re .a*ra3le

+*n,iti*ns s* l*ng as the net e..e+t ,*es n*t result in a re,u+ti*n in the +*ntra+t pri+e

9%u3-Clause >12 - Un.*reseea3le Phsi+al C*n,iti*ns:

iii #he +*ntra+t*r is re4uire, t* su3mit ,etaile, m*nthl pr*gress rep*rts t* the engineer

in+lu,ing +harts an, ,etaile, ,es+ripti*ns *. pr*gress ph*t*graphs sh*/ing the status *.

manu.a+ture an, *. pr*gress *n the site ,etails regar,ing the manu.a+ture *. ea+h main

item *. plant an, materials re+*r,s *. the +*ntra+t*rs pers*nnel an, e4uipment as /ell as

*ther in.*rmati*n 9%u3-Clause >21 - Pr*gress Rep*rts: %u+h pr*gress rep*rts are

95




re4uire, t* a++*mpan the +*ntra+t*rs appli+ati*ns .*r interim pament +erti.i+ates:

impling that pament ma 3e +*n,iti*nal *n the re+eipt *. su+h rep*rts

i #he empl*er has the right a.ter n*ti+e t* the +*ntra+t*r t* terminate the +*ntra+t at

an time .*r the empl*ers +*nenien+e pr*i,e, that the empl*er ma n*t ,* s* in

*r,er t* ee+ute the /*rks himsel. *r t* arrange .*r them t* 3e ee+ute, 3 an*ther+*ntra+t*r In the +ase *. su+h terminati*n the +*ntra+t*r is pai, .*r /*rk ,*ne 3ut is

,eprie, *. the right t* pr*.it *n the 3alan+e *. the +*ntra+t 9%u3 Clauses 155 -

$mpl*ers $ntitlement t* #erminati*n an, 1;6 pti*nal terminati*n pament an,

release:

#he +*ntra+t*r is re4uire, t* gie n*ti+e t* the engineer *. an +laim .*r an etensi*n *.

time *r a,,iti*nal pament n*t later than 28 ,as a.ter the +*ntra+t*r 3e+ame a/are *r

sh*ul, hae 3e+*me a/are *. the eent *r +ir+umstan+e giing rise t* a +laim I. he .ails

t* ,* s* the empl*er is state, t* 3e ,is+harge, .r*m all lia3ilit in +*nne+ti*n /ith the

+laim In a,,iti*n the +*ntra+t*r is re4uire, t* sen, t* the engineer a .ull ,etaile, +laim

/ithin >2 ,as a.ter the +*ntra+t*r 3e+ame a/are *r sh*ul, hae 3e+*me a/are *. the

eent *r +ir+umstan+es giing rise t* the +laim 9unless the engineer appr*es a l*nger

peri*,: I. the +*ntra+t*r sh*ul, .ai I t* +*mpl /ith this latter re4uirement an

etensi*n *. time an,J*r a,,iti*nal pament must 3e a,juste, t* take a++*unt *. the

etent t* /hi+h the .ailure ma hae preente, *r preju,i+e, pr*per inestigati*n *. the

+laim 9%u3-Clause 201 - C*ntra+t*rs Claims:

CA"P#$R 10

C(C)U%I(

=Q=je+t $p*rts has helpe, In,ian +*mpanies an, @*ernment . In,ia .*r earning

Qlaliel m*re '*reign $+hange 3e+ause its *lume an, alue is huge +*mpare, t* eer

3usinesses In,ians are 3ene.ite, as the inter.a+e /ith the latest te+hn*l*gies earns #*rem*ne there.*re liing stan,ar, impr*es an, lea,s t* *erall ,eel*pment *. mple

%u++ess *. the pr*je+t starts /ith su++ess.ul ten,ering an, 3i,,ing pr*+ess Qen,ering

an, 3i,,ing is the .irst step in an kin, *. +*nstru+ti*n +*ntra+ting #he stu, nalse,

the pe+uliarities *. internati*nal +*nstru+ti*n 3usiness an, eamine, the =i..erent aspe+ts

*. ten,ing an, 3i,,ing internati*nal pr*je+ts #he stu, is 3ase, *n Q*r*ughl analsing

96




the /*r, 3ank ,*+ument "D% ,*+uments an, the gui,elines *n pr*je+t ep*rts set 3

Resere Bank *. In,ia

=Vlaj*r pr*+e,ure .*r ,*ing internati*nal +*nstru+ti*n 3usinessH

#he .irst step in the *erseas +*nstru+ti*n 3usiness is taking mem3ership *. P$PC9.*rmerl kn*/n as DCCI:

n+e the +*mpan makes the pr*p*sal it /ill hae t* g* thr*ugh the /*rking gr*up

#he s+reening +*mmittee *. the /*rking gr*up /ill s+reen the pr*p*sal

n+e the meeting +. the /*rking gr*up appr*es the pr*p*sal the +*mpan +an 3i,

.*urth pr*je+t

CA"P#$R 10

C(C)U%I(

Pr*je+t $p*rts has helpe, In,ian ++mpanies an, @*ernment . In,ia .*r earning

relatiel m*re '*reign $+hange 3e+ause its *lume an, alue is huge +*mpare, t*

*ther 3usinesses In,ians are 3ene.ite, as the int+r.u++ /ith tile latest te+hn*l*gies

earns m*re m*ne there.*re Ii ing stan,ar, impr*es an, lea,s t* *erall ,eel*pment

*. pe*ple %u++ess *. the pr*je+t starts /ith su++ess.ul ten,ering an, 3i,,ing pr*+ess

#en,ering an, 3i,,ing is the .irst step in an kin, *r +*nstru+ti*n +*ntra+ting #he stu,

analse, the pe+uliarities *. internati*nal +*nstru+ti*n 3usiness an, eamine, the

,i..erent aspe+ts *. ten,ing an, 3i,,ing internati*nal pr*je+ts #he stu, is 3ase, *n

th*r*ughl analsing the /*r, 3ank ,*+ument "DB ,*+uments an, the gui,elines *n

pr*je+t ep*rts set 3 Resere Bank *. In,ia

!aj*r pr*+e,ure .*r ,*ing internati*nal +*nstru+ti*n 3usinessH

#he .irst step in the *erseas +*nstru+ti*n 3usiness is taking mem3ership *. P$PC

9.*rmerl kn*/n as CC#:

97




n+e the +*mpan makes the pr*p*sal it /ill hae t* g* thr*ugh the /*rking

gr*up

#he s+reening +*mmittee *. the /*rking gr*up /ill s+reen the pr*p*sal

n+e the meeting *. the /*rking gr*up appr*es the pr*p*sal the +*mpan +an

3i, .*urth pr*je+t

#he maj*r *3serati*ns *. 9he stu, areH

#here is huge ,i..eren+e 3et/een Internati*nal +*ntra+ting an, ,*mesti+ +*ntra+ting

#here .*r the stu, I% alua3le gui,e .*r ,*mesti+ +*ntra+t*rs

i nt+reste, in *erseas +*nstru+ti*n

Auge inestments ar+ +*ming in a num3er *. areas like +iil +*nstru+ti*n pr*je+ts

9r*a, rail/as ,ams airp*rts et+: turnke pr*je+ts 9p*/er generat*r transmissi*n an,

,istri3uti*n in,ustrial plants et+: te+hni+al seri+es 9engineering ,esign pr*je+t

engineering *perati*n an, maintenan+e *. in,ustrial

plants et+:

Di..erent stages *. 3i,ing are as .*ll*/sH

1 Pre-ten,er a+tiities

a stu, ten,er ,*+uments

98




3 make a 3ri+.i ng n*te

+ .iel, inestigati*n

, estimati*n *. +*st

2 C*n,iti*ns *. +*ntra+t

E Initati*n t* 3i,

> Instru+ti*ns t* 3i,,ers

5 Pre-4ual i Ii+ati*n *r +*ntra+t*rs

6 Pre-3i, C*n.eren+e

< Re+eipt an, Pr*+essing *. #en,ers

8 $aluati*n *. Bi,s

; "/ar, *. /*rk

I I==IIUelL IIH LLS1 UIUUIlIe II nlHHIIIUlIVI1UI VV11HU SILLVII 1 LLV

#here is l*t *. s+*pe .*r In,ian +*ntra+t*rs in the *erseas +*nstru+ti*n market "t

present there are >0 pr*je+t ep*rt +*ntra+ts alue, at *er Rs 1<800 +r*r+ 9appr*U%N > Bn: un,er ee+uti*n in E; +*untries a+r*ss "sia ".ri+a an, $ur*pe 3 E1 In,ian

+*mpanies

I: %""RC Regi*n

2: "sia r%*uthJ$astJ7est 9".ghanistanj]

E: ".ri+a

>: !i,,le $ast

5: Russia CI% C*untries

6: )atin "meri+an C*untries

99




#he .*ll*/ing regi*ns +*ntinue t* 3e p*tential markets .*r Pr*je+t $p*rt %e+t*r=

#he stu, reeals that the ten,ering an, 3i,,ing pr*+e,ure *. *erseas +*nstru+ti*n

3ussin+ss is mu+h m*re +*mpli+ate, Delas in 3i,,ing man man a times 3e+*mes the

maj*r +ause .*r n*t getting the pr*je+t

BIB)I@R"PA&=

Dutt @ %= LRep*rt *. #ask '*r+e *n Pr*je+t $p*rtL @*t . In,ia anuea Q 200E

Dutta %= L%u++ess *. In,ian C*nstru+ti*n C*mpan In Internati*nal %+enQ QL

(IC!"R Pune

Du3e U= L P*tential *. ari*us C*untries .*r In,ian +*nstru+ti*n Pr*j ee +== t$p*rtsL (IC!"R Pune

Dr $,is*n 1 += LRea,ings *n Internati*nal C*ntra+ting an, Pr*je+t $p*rtsLL

(IC!"R 200]

CC#= LIn,ian +*nstru+ti*n Pr*je+t $p*rtsL 1;;;

%harma #arun= LPr*je+t $p*rts - C*nne+ting +*ntinents /ith In,ian epertiseL $O 1!

Bank *. In,ia !um3ai 200>

Vai, K (= LInternati*nal +*nstru+ti*n +*ntra+ting - " %mp*siumL (IC!"R

!um3ai 1;;1

Vai, K (= Lerie/ . In,ian $p*rts *. C*nstru+ti*n Pr*je+tL *urnal .

C*nstru+ti*n !anagement V*lume - II (*E +t*3er 1;8<

7*rl, Bank= L7*rl, Bank "nnual Rep*rtsL 1;8> - 200>

"sian Deel*pment Bank "nnual Rep*rts 2002

7*rl, Bank= L7*rl, Inestment Rep*rtsL #ren,s an, ,eterminants

LInternati*nal C*n.eren+e an, $p*siti*nL

C*n.eren+e #e+hni+al Papers

100




V*lume-I V*lume-II 3 CIDC Planning C*mmissi*n @l Venue- Pragati !ai,an

(e/ Delhi %eptem3er 2E-25 200>

I Pr*je+t $p*rts 3 #arun %harma pu3lishe, 3 $im Bank *. In,ia 2

///+*nstru+ti*n/*rl,+*m

E I3i,

> Rep*rt *. #ask '*r+e *n Pr*je+t $p*rts anuar 200E su3mitte, t* P!

@*t *. In,ia

5 $OI! Bank *. In,ia 9 I3i,

<R+p*rt *. #ask '*r+e *n Pr*je+t $p*rts anuar 200E su3mitte, t* P!


(IC!"R

e-Re.eren+es=

///eim3ankin,ia+*m

///e+g,n,ia*rg

///pr*je+tep*rts+*tll

///rhi+*m

////*rl,3ank*rg

///a,3*rg

///+*mmer+eni+in

///e+p+g*in

///alla.ri+=l+*m

'**tn*tes=

@*t *. In,ia

101




% Rep*rt *. #ask '*r+e *n Pr*je+t $p*rts anuar 200E su3mitte, t* P!

@*t *. In,ia

LRep*rt *. #ask '*r+e *n Pr*je+t $p*rt anuar 200E su3rniue, t* P! @*t *.

In,ia

IRep*rt *. #ask '*r+e *n Pr*je+t $p*rt anuar 200E su3mitte, t* P!

@*t *. In,ia

II

///pr*je+tep*rts+*m

200

en,erlng "n, Bi,,ing Internati*nal C*nstru+ti*n Pr*je+ts

(IC!"R

12 Rep*rt *. #ask '*r+e *n Pr*je+t $p*rt anuar 200E su3mitte, t* P!

@*t *. In,ia

1E ///+im3ankin,ia+*m 1>777++gCCI#l

15 ///e+g++*m 16///+in3ankin,iaClll

n,ering "n, Bi,,ing Internati*nal C*nstru+ti*n Pr*je+ts

(lC!"R

12 Rep*rt *. #ask '*r+e *n Pr*je+t $p*rt anuar 200E su3mitte, t* P! @*t *.

In,ia

102




SE ///eimhankin,ia+*m

S>

///e+g+CUtll

I-

: ///e+g++*m

S9///+im3ankin,ia+*m

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